scholarly journals Low-Speed Marine Diesel Engine Modeling for NOx Prediction in Exhaust Gases

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4442
Author(s):  
Branko Lalić ◽  
Andrijana Poljak ◽  
Gojmir Radica ◽  
Antonija Mišura
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Injection Timing

Knowing the process of generating exhaust emissions and the determination of influential parameters are important factors in improving two-stroke slow-speed marine engines, particularly for further reductions in fuel consumption and stringent regulations on the limitation of nitrogen oxide emissions. In this article, a model of a marine low-speed two-stroke diesel engine has been developed. Experimental and numerical analyses of the nitrogen monoxide formations were carried out. When measuring the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust emissions, the amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is usually measured, because nitrogen monoxide is very unstable, and due to the large amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases, it is rapidly converted into nitrogen dioxide and its amount is included in the total emission of nitrogen oxides. In this paper, the most significant parameters for the formation of nitrogen monoxide have been determined. Model validation was performed based on measured combustion pressures, engine power, and concentrations of nitrogen oxides at 50% and 75% of maximum continuous engine load. The possibilities of fuel consumption optimization and reduction in nitrogen monoxide emissions by correcting the injection timing and changing the compression ratio were examined. An engine model was developed, based on measured combustion pressures and scavenging air flow, to be used on board by marine engineers for rapid analyses and determining changes in the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust emissions. The amount of nitrogen oxide in exhaust emissions is influenced by the relevant features described in this paper: fuel injection timing and engine compression ratio. The presented methodology provides a basis for further research about the simultaneous impact of changing the injection timing and compression ratio, exhaust valve opening and closing times, as well as the impact of multiple fuel injection to reduce consumption and maintain exhaust emissions within the permissible limits.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Emissions, Noise, and Fuel Consumption Comparison of Direct and Indirect Piezoelectric and Solenoid Injectors in a Low-Compression-Ratio Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano d’Ambrosio ◽  
Alessandro Ferrari ◽  
Alessandro Mancarella ◽  
Salvatore Mancò ◽  
Antonio Mittica
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Engine Performance And Emissions

An experimental investigation has been carried out to compare the performance and emissions of a low-compression-ratio Euro 5 diesel engine featuring high EGR rates, equipped with different injector technologies, i.e., solenoid, indirect-acting, and direct-acting piezoelectric. The comparisons, performed with reference to a state-of-the-art double fuel injection calibration, i.e., pilot-Main (pM), are presented in terms of engine-out exhaust emissions, combustion noise (CN), and fuel consumption, at low–medium engine speeds and loads. The differences in engine performance and emissions of the solenoidal, indirect-acting, and direct-acting piezoelectric injector setups have been found on the basis of experimental results to mainly depend on the specific features of their hydraulic circuits rather than on the considered injector driving system.

Factors Affecting Performance of Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engines

2013 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mustafa Ali ◽  
Sabir Mohamed Salih
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Factors Affecting

Compression Ignition Diesel Engine use Diesel as conventional fuel. This has proven to be the most economical source of prime mover in medium and heavy duty loads for both stationary and mobile applications. Performance enhancements have been implemented to optimize fuel consumption and increase thermal efficiency as well as lowering exhaust emissions on these engines. Recently dual fueling of Diesel engines has been found one of the means to achieve these goals. Different types of fuels are tried to displace some of the diesel fuel consumption. This study is made to identify the most favorable conditions for dual fuel mode of operation using Diesel as main fuel and Gasoline as a combustion improver. A single cylinder naturally aspirated air cooled 0.4 liter direct injection diesel engine is used. Diesel is injected by the normal fuel injection system, while Gasoline is carbureted with air using a simple single jet carburetor mounted at the air intake. The engine has been operated at constant speed of 3000 rpm and the load was varied. Different Gasoline to air mixture strengths investigated, and diesel injection timing is also varied. The optimum setting of the engine has been defined which increased the thermal efficiency, reduced the NOx % and HC%.

Formation of Nitrogen Dioxide and Formaldehyde in a Medium Duty Diesel Engine With Oxygenated Fuels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Notheis ◽  
Uwe Wagner ◽  
Amin Velji ◽  
Thomas Koch
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Oxygenated Fuels ◽  
Operating Points

Abstract For modern Diesel aftertreatment systems the ratio of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitrogen oxides emissions (NOx) is of great importance for the conversion of total NOx especially at low loads and low engine out exhaust temperatures. As known from previous studies the relative air-fuel ratio and so the increase of oxygen has a major impact on the in-cylinder formation of NO2. As the focus lies mainly on increasing the relative air-fuel ratio by increasing the boost pressure the influence of bounded oxygen in oxygenated fuels is not yet fully understood and is therefore in the focus of this papers. Bounded oxygen offers the potential to release oxygen radicals, which can increase NO2 formation from nitrogen monoxide (NO) at higher pressures according to the principle of Le Chatelier. At low pressures, however, released oxygen radicals can also lead to a reduction of NO2. Additionally, concerning the in-cylinder formation of NO2, the formation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is focused in this investigation, too. Especially for the oxygenated fuel like OME3–5 which can be interpreted as a compound of formaldehyde molecules the HCHO emission might increase. Although HCHO has not yet been regulated for vehicles, its carcinogenic properties require its reduction as far as possible. In this paper, investigations are presented which were carried out on a single-cylinder Diesel engine with different oxygenated fuels such as oxymethylene ether compounds (OME3–5) and 2-ethoxyethyl ether (2-EEE) and blends of these components with conventional Diesel fuel. The relevant exhaust gas components were measured using different analysis method for high accuracy and mutual validation. To analyze the effects of the fuel composition on nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde formation the fuels are compared with pure Diesel fuel operation. Several operating points were investigated together while varying engine parameters such as relative air-fuel ratio, EGR rate, injection timing and injection pressure in a one-factor-time parameter study. Additionally, at a low load operating point a Design of Experiments (DoE) study was done to see the statistical impact and the main influencing parameters of the formation of NO2 and HCHO. Furthermore, other typical Diesel emissions like particulates, carbon monoxide and the total nitrogen oxides are investigated and compared. The investigations show an inconsistent behavior at different operating points for NO2. In most operating points a decrease of NO2 is visible, which was attributed to a decrease of the total NOx emission. Especially at higher relative air-fuel ratios and so high charge pressures the potential of oxygenated fuels to increase the NO2 to NOx ratio becomes apparent. Due to the very low particulates emissions which can be achieved with OME3–5 fuel, no restriction on low relative air/fuel ratios and higher EGR rates regarding the particulate emissions (smoke limit) exists. The HCHO emissions show different behavior in these restriction zones. At partial load, high EGR rates and low relative air-fuel ratios, HCHO emissions increase. In contrast, when the load is increased and the stoichiometric conditions are reached, the HCHO emissions decrease.

Combustion Characteristics of the Mustard Methyl Esters

2012 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Bannikov ◽  
I.P. Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Start Of Injection

Mustard Methyl Esters (further biodiesel) and regular diesel fuel were tested in direct injection diesel engine. Analysis of experimental data was supported by an analysis of fuel injection and combustion characteristics. Engine fuelled with biodiesel had increased brake specific fuel consumption, reduced nitrogen oxides emission and smoke opacity, moderate increase in carbon monoxide emission with essentially unchanged unburned hydrocarbons emission. Increase in fuel consumption was attributed to lesser heating value of biodiesel and partially to decreased fuel conversion efficiency. Analysis of combustion characteristics revealed earlier start of injection and shorter ignition delay period of biodiesel. Resulting decrease in maximum rate of heat release and cylinder pressure was the most probable reason for reduced emission of nitrogen oxides. Analysis of combustion characteristics also showed that cetane index determined by ASTM Method D976 is not a proper measure of ignition quality of biodiesel. Conclusion was made on applicability of mustard oil as a source for commercial production of biodiesel in Pakistan. Potentialities of on improving combustion and emissions characteristics of diesel engine by reformulating biodiesel were discussed.

The Influence of Injection Timing on Emissions Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Fuelled with Pistacia Chinensis Bunge Seed Biodiesel

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 846-851
Author(s):  
Bin Xu ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Zhi Hao Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
High Load ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Co Emission

The effect of various fuel injection advance angles on the emissions of an electronically controlled, high pressure, common rail, turbocharged GW4D20 diesel engine fuelled with different pistacia chinensis bunge seed biodiesel/diesel blends has been experimentally investigated. The results indicate that brake specific fuel consumption reduces with the increasing of fuel injection advance angle, and the BSFC of blends is higher than diesel. At 25% load, CO and THC are significantly reduced compared with higher load. The CO emission increases with the increment of fuel injection advance angle. At 75% load, the CO of B10 is lowest, B20 highest. At the same speed, NOx increases with increment of fuel injection advance angle for diesel and biodiesel blends dramatically. However, NOx of blends and diesel are deteriorated at high load, but there are no obvious differences among them.

scholarly journals An Attempt in Blending Higher Volume of Ethanol with Diesel for Replacing the Neat Diesel to Fuel Compression Ignition Engines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabakaran Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Alcohols are renewable in nature and can be manufactured from biomass. Butanol a higher alcohol, can be utilized as co-solvent to prevent the phase separation of diesel-ethanol blends as per the previous researches.. This experimentation has been conducted with the blends of diesel-ethanol with various proportions of n-butanol followed by the solubility test in the temperature range of 5–25°C. The results indicate that 45% of ethanol can be blended with diesel by the assistance of 10% of n-butanol to make the final blend stable up to a temperature of 5°C for 20 days, which met the requirements of the essential properties (ASTM). Existing diesel engine has been modified as per the optimal level of parameters such as intake air temperature (IAT), fuel injection timing (FIT), nozzle opening pressure (NOP) and compression ratio (CR) obtained using Taghuchi method of L9 orthogonal array. Arrived out parameters are 75°C of IAT, 29°before top dead centre of FIT, 210 bar of NOP and 19: 1 of compression ratio. The implementation of these parameters in diesel engine and fueling with diesel-ethanol butanol blend containing 45% ethanol produced closer performance and emissions characteristics compared to that of diesel. However, the emissions of smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide produced by the optimal blend are found to be marginally higher compared to that of diesel. These can be ratified by the introduction of after treatment systems modifications.

scholarly journals A DIESEL ENGINE CONVERTED INTO OTTO CYCLE ENGINE: THE INFLUENCE OF THE SPARK ADVANCE ON ITS PERFORMANCE AND ON NOx EMISSIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
B. L. N. Oliveira ◽  
E. F. Jaguaribe ◽  
A. F. Bezerra ◽  
A. S. Rumão ◽  
B. L. C. Queiroga
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Otto Cycle ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

This paper analyzes the performance of a diesel engine converted into an Otto cycle engine and its Nitrogen dioxide emissions in terms of the spark advance variation. The tests were conducted on a Perkins diesel engine 1104C - 44TAG turbocharged, whose compression ratio was reduced to 9.33:1. After conversion the engine started operating with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and running just with stoichiometric mixtures. The tests have been limited to 10 to 40 kW, always at 1800 rpm. During the experiments the ignition advance angle ranged from 5º up to 27º (BTDC), using the increment of 5°, whenever possible. Particularly at 40 kW, the range of the ignition advance was 15º to 20º. The results showed a significant influence of the spark advance angle on the fuel consumption, on the temperature and on the NOx emissions, as well as on the magnitude of the generated power.

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