scholarly journals Modeling and Performance Assessment of the Split-Pi Used as a Storage Converter in All the Possible DC Microgrid Scenarios. Part II: Simulation and Experimental Results

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5616
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Luna ◽  
Antonino Sferlazza ◽  
Angelo Accetta ◽  
Maria Carmela Di Piazza ◽  
Giuseppe La Tona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Storage System ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Voltage Generator ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
And Performance

Bidirectional DC/DC converters such as the Split-pi can be used to integrate an energy storage system (ESS) into a DC microgrid providing manifold benefits. However, this integration deserves careful design because the ESS converter must behave like a stiff voltage generator, a non-stiff voltage generator, or a current generator depending on the microgrid configuration. Part I of this work presented a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the Split-pi used as an ESS converter in all the possible DC microgrid scenarios. Five typical microgrid scenarios were identified. Each of them required a specific state-space model of the Split-pi and a suitable control scheme. The present paper completes the study validating the theoretical analysis based on simulations and experimental tests. The chosen case study encompassed a 48 V, 750 W storage system interfaced with a 180 V DC microgrid using a Split-pi converter. It can represent a reduced-power prototype of terrestrial and marine microgrids. A prototypal Split-pi converter was realized in the lab, and several experimental tests were performed to assess the performance in each scenario. The results obtained from the experimental tests were coherent with the simulations and validated the study.

scholarly journals Modeling and Performance Assessment of the Split-Pi Used as a Storage Converter in All the Possible DC Microgrid Scenarios. Part I: Theoretical Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4902
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Luna ◽  
Antonino Sferlazza ◽  
Angelo Accetta ◽  
Maria Carmela Di Piazza ◽  
Giuseppe La Tona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Storage System ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Converter Topologies ◽  
And Performance

The integration of an electrical storage system (ESS) into a DC microgrid using a bidirectional DC/DC converter provides substantial benefits but requires careful design. Among such converter topologies, the Split-pi converter presents several merits at the cost of non-isolated operation. However, the few works in the literature on the Split-pi presented only closed-loop control with a single control loop; furthermore, they neglected the reactive components’ parasitic resistances and did not perform any experimental validation. This work aimed at investigating the use of the Split-pi converter as a power interface between an ESS and a DC microgrid. Five typical microgrid scenarios are presented, where each of which requires a specific state-space model and a suitable control scheme for the converter to obtain high performance. In this study, two different state-space models of the converter that consider the parasitic elements are presented, the control schemes are discussed, and criteria for designing the controllers are also given. Several simulations, as well as experimental tests on a prototype realized in the lab, were performed to validate the study. Both the simulation and experimental results will be presented in part II of this work. The proposed approach has general validity and can also be followed when other bidirectional DC/DC converter topologies are employed to interface an ESS with a DC microgrid.

scholarly journals A Multi-Input-Port Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for DC Microgrid Energy Storage System Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2810
Author(s):  
Binxin Zhu ◽  
Hui Hu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Input Port ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Storage Batteries ◽  
Voltage Conversion ◽  
Switch Voltage

A multi-input-port bidirectional DC/DC converter is proposed in this paper for the energy storage systems in DC microgrid. The converter can connect various energy storage batteries to the DC bus at the same time. The proposed converter also has the advantages of low switch voltage stress and high voltage conversion gain. The working principle and performance characteristics of the converter were analyzed in detail, and a 200 W, two-input-port experimental prototype was built. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Real Time Simulation of a DC Microgrid With Control Schemes for Power Management and Voltage Stabilization

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
S. C. Srivastava ◽  
S. N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Real Time Digital Simulator ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Battery Energy

The concept of a DC Microgrid (DCMG) is a promising option to integrate various non-conventional energy resources in islanded and grid connected modes. The DCMG proposed in this work consists of renewable energy sources, battery energy storage system, and various loads. The control schemes, proposed by the authors in [1], [2], have been utilized for the power management and maintaining the DC grid voltage under different operating scenario, including fault conditions. Before physical installation of the DCMG, it is necessary to simulate it in the real time environment to evaluate its performance. This paper presents the testing, validation, and performance evaluation of the proposed DCMG on Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS).

scholarly journals An Energy Management System-Based Control Strategy for DC Microgrids with Dual Energy Storage Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2992
Author(s):  
Subarto Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Tushar Kanti Roy ◽  
Md Abu Hanif Pramanik ◽  
Ajay Krishno Sarkar ◽  
Md. Apel Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Dc Microgrids ◽  
Control Scheme

In this work, a control strategy is developed for different components in DC microgrids where set points for all controllers are determined from an energy management system (EMS). The proposed EMS-based control scheme is developed for DC microgrids with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems as the primary generation units along with energy storage systems. In this work, the concept of dual energy storage systems (DESSs) is used, which includes a battery energy storage system (BESS) and supercapacitor (SC). The main feature of this DESS is to improve the dynamic performance of DC microgrids during severe transients appearing from changes in load demands as well as in the output power from solar PV units. Furthermore, the proposed EMS-based control scheme aims to enhance the lifetime of the BESS in DC microgrids with DESSs and voltage stability as compared to the same without SCs. The proposed EMS-based control strategy uses proportional-integral (PI) controllers to regulate the switching control actions for different converters within the DC microgrid based on the decision obtained from the EMS in order to achieve the desired control objectives. The performance of the proposed scheme was analyzed through simulation results in terms of improving the voltage stability, maintaining the power balance, and enhancing the lifetime of BESSs within a DC microgrid framework incorporated with the DESS. The simulations are carried out in the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform and compared with a similar approach having only a single energy storage system, i.e., the BESS.

scholarly journals On the Investigation of Energy Efficient Torque Distribution Strategies through a Comprehensive Powertrain Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4549
Author(s):  
Sara Salamone ◽  
Basilio Lenzo ◽  
Giovanni Lutzemberger ◽  
Francesco Bucchi ◽  
Luca Sani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Battery State Of Charge

In electric vehicles with multiple motors, the torque at each wheel can be controlled independently, offering significant opportunities for enhancing vehicle dynamics behaviour and system efficiency. This paper investigates energy efficient torque distribution strategies for improving the operational efficiency of electric vehicles with multiple motors. The proposed strategies are based on the minimisation of power losses, considering the powertrain efficiency characteristics, and are easily implementable in real-time. A longitudinal dynamics vehicle model is developed in Simulink/Simscape environment, including energy models for the electrical machines, the converter, and the energy storage system. The energy efficient torque distribution strategies are compared with simple distribution schemes under different standardised driving cycles. The effect of the different strategies on the powertrain elements, such as the electric machine and the energy storage system, are analysed. Simulation results show that the optimal torque distribution strategies provide a reduction in energy consumption of up to 5.5% for the case-study vehicle compared to simple distribution strategies, also benefiting the battery state of charge.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimization of a Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on the Concept of Cyber-Physical System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Chenyun Pan ◽  
Shengyu Tao ◽  
Hongtao Fan ◽  
Mengyao Shu ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System ◽  
Control Scheme

Optimal operation of energy storage systems plays an important role in enhancing their lifetime and efficiency. This paper combines the concepts of the cyber–physical system (CPS) and multi-objective optimization into the control structure of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Owing to the time-varying characteristics of HESS, combining real-time data with physical models via CPS can significantly promote the performance of HESS. The multi-objective optimization model designed in this paper can improve the utilization of supercapacitors, reduce energy consumption, and prevent the state of charge (SOC) of HESS from exceeding the limitation. The new control scheme takes the characteristics of the components of HESS into account and is beneficial in reducing battery short-term power cycling and high discharge currents. The rain-flow counting algorithm is applied for battery life prediction to quantify the benefits of the HESS under the control scheme proposed. A much better power-sharing relationship between the supercapacitor and the lithium–ion battery (LiB) can be observed from the SIMULINK results and the case study with our new control scheme. Moreover, compared to the traditional low-pass filter control method, the battery lifetime is quantifiably increased from 3.51 years to 10.20 years while the energy efficiency is improved by 1.56%.

scholarly journals Review of Battery Management Systems (BMS) Development and Industrial Standards

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Hossam A. Gabbar ◽  
Ahmed M. Othman ◽  
Muhammad R. Abdussami
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
And Performance

The evolving global landscape for electrical distribution and use created a need area for energy storage systems (ESS), making them among the fastest growing electrical power system products. A key element in any energy storage system is the capability to monitor, control, and optimize performance of an individual or multiple battery modules in an energy storage system and the ability to control the disconnection of the module(s) from the system in the event of abnormal conditions. This management scheme is known as “battery management system (BMS)”, which is one of the essential units in electrical equipment. BMS reacts with external events, as well with as an internal event. It is used to improve the battery performance with proper safety measures within a system. Therefore, a safe BMS is the prerequisite for operating an electrical system. This report analyzes the details of BMS for electric transportation and large-scale (stationary) energy storage. The analysis includes different aspects of BMS covering testing, component, functionalities, topology, operation, architecture, and BMS safety aspects. Additionally, current related standards and codes related to BMS are also reviewed. The report investigates BMS safety aspects, battery technology, regulation needs, and offer recommendations. It further studies current gaps in respect to the safety requirements and performance requirements of BMS by focusing mainly on the electric transportation and stationary application. The report further provides a framework for developing a new standard on BMS, especially on BMS safety and operational risk. In conclusion, four main areas of (1) BMS construction, (2) Operation Parameters, (3) BMS Integration, and (4) Installation for improvement of BMS safety and performance are identified, and detailed recommendations were provided for each area. It is recommended that a technical review of the BMS be performed for transportation electrification and large-scale (stationary) applications. A comprehensive evaluation of the components, architectures, and safety risks applicable to BMS operation is also presented.

Power management of energy storage system with modified interlinking converters topology in hybrid AC/DC microgrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 106880
Author(s):  
João Pedro Carvalho Silveira ◽  
Pedro José dos Santos Neto ◽  
Tárcio Andre dos Santos Barros ◽  
Ernesto Ruppert Filho
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Dc Microgrid
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