scholarly journals Smart Grid in China, EU, and the US: State of Implementation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5637
Author(s):  
Paolo Sospiro ◽  
Lohith Amarnath ◽  
Vincenzo Di Nardo ◽  
Giacomo Talluri ◽  
Foad H. Gandoman
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
The Us ◽  
Renewable Power Generation ◽  
End Use ◽  
Smart Grid Technology ◽  
The Eu

Depletion of fossil fuel deposits is the main current issue related to the world’s power generation. Renewable energy sources integrated with energy efficiency represent an effective solution. The electrification of end-use coupled with renewable power generation integration is considered as an important tool to achieve these tasks. However, the current electric power system does not currently have the suitable features to allow this change. Therefore, in the future, it has to allow two-way direction power flows, communication, and automated controls to fully manage the system and customers. The resulting system is defined as the smart grid. This article analyses the smart grid state of play within China, the US, and the EU, assessing the completion state of each smart grid technology and integrated asset. The analysis related to these countries presented here shows that the smart grid overall state of play in China, the US, and the EU are equal to 18%, 15%, and 13%, respectively, unveiling the need related to further efforts and investments in these countries for the full smart grid development.

Achieving Deep Reduction in California CO2 Emissions via Renewable Resource Integration, Electrification, and Smart Grid Deployment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Ebrahimi ◽  
Jack Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Resource Integration ◽  
Electric Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
End Use

The State of California has adopted a deep greenhouse gas emissions reduction target of 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050, but decarbonizing the power generation sector cannot lead to such aggressive emissions reductions by itself since only 21 percent of total statewide GHG emissions originate from power generation. Therefore, widespread electrification, i.e., switching direct fossil fuel use to electricity, along with smart grid deployment, is essential for meeting deep emissions reduction targets. In this study, the load-balancing and emission impacts of electrifying end-use energy sectors while decarbonizing power generation, and deploying smart-grid technologies are analyzed using detailed modeling of infrastructure, feedstocks and economic dispatch of the electric grid. In the most comprehensive scenario, all end-use energy sectors are partly electrified by 2030 via replacing gas-fired end-uses with highly efficient electric technologies. The electric power generation sector is decarbonized through installing higher levels of renewable power meeting nearly 50 percent of total California electric energy demand in 2030. Various smart grid technologies including battery energy storage, demand response, and smart electric vehicle charging are implemented in the end-use sectors in order to accommodate and complement higher levels of renewable power resources. It is found that decarbonizing the electric power generation without electrifying end-use sectors increases CO2 emissions by 3.1 percent, while end-use electrification alongside utility scale and distributed renewable resource integration and smart grid technology implementation can yield up to a 29 percent reduction in CO2 emissions in 2030 compared to 1990 levels.

scholarly journals An Original Control Strategy of Storage Systems for the Frequency Stability of Autonomous Grids with Renewable Power Generation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4391
Author(s):  
Mariano G. Ippolito ◽  
Fabio Massaro ◽  
Rossano Musca ◽  
Gaetano Zizzo
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Renewable Power Generation ◽  
Storage Units

This work examines the operation of the autonomous power system of a geographical island assuming the integration of significant generation shares from renewable energy sources and the installation of the required storage systems. The frequency stability of the system is investigated considering different operating conditions, in terms of load demand and renewable power generation. The main focus of the work is an original control strategy specifically designed for power converters interfacing storage units to the grid. The proposed strategy is based on an extended frequency droop control, which selects specific droop settings depending on the operating mode—charge or discharge—of the storage unit. A simulation model of the whole electrical system is developed for dynamic analysis. The model also implements the possibility of including specific auxiliary frequency controls for synthetic inertia and primary reserve. The results of the simulation and analysis indicate that the proposed control strategy has a significant positive effect, making the storage units able to provide a fundamental and more effective support to the frequency stability of the system. The application of the proposed control strategy to storage units also reduces the need for a contribution to the frequency control from intermittent and variable sources, making the whole system more robust, stable and reliable.

Analysis of the influence of renewable energy sources on thermal energy generation for isolated power systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 0309524X1987403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey A Zhidkov ◽  
Andrey A Achitaev ◽  
Mikhail V Kashurnikov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Renewable Power Generation ◽  
Autonomous Power Systems

The urgency of developing renewable power generation in Russia is associated with the presence of a large number of regions with a low degree of electrification. More than two-thirds of the territory of Russia is located in the area of decentralized power supply, where the main source of energy is imported diesel fuel or associated gas from local fields. At present, one of the directions for the development of renewable power generation in Russia is the implementation of a hybrid power supply system for autonomous power systems of remote regions. However, along with the possibility of using renewable energy sources, it is important for such regions to generate heat from co-generation of diesel power plants, since there is an urgent problem of heat supply for remote regions, especially located in the Far North of Russia. This article presents an analysis of the influence of using renewable energy sources in autonomous power systems on co-generation of diesel power plants.

scholarly journals Decentralized Autonomous Hybrid Renewable Power Generation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Kumar ◽  
Dheeraj Kumar Palwalia
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Thermal Generation ◽  
Energy Storage Unit ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Renewable Power Generation ◽  
Pv Generation

Power extension of grid to isolated regions is associated with technical and economical issues. It has encouraged exploration and exploitation of decentralized power generation using renewable energy sources (RES). RES based power generation involves uncertain availability of power source round the clock. This problem has been overcome to certain extent by installing appropriate integrated energy storage unit (ESU). This paper presents technical review of hybrid wind and photovoltaic (PV) generation in standalone mode. Associated components like converters, storage unit, controllers, and optimization techniques affect overall generation. Wind and PV energy are readily available, omnipresent, and expected to contribute major future energy market. It can serve to overcome global warming problem arising due to emissions in fossil fuel based thermal generation units. This paper includes the study of progressive development of standalone renewable generation units based on wind and PV microgrids.

scholarly journals Impact of IoT on Renewable Energy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivagami Ponnalagarsamy ◽  
V. Geetha ◽  
M. Pushpavalli ◽  
P. Abirami
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Huge Data

The emerging computing technology in this era is the Internet of Things. The network of intelligence that bridges various devices, systems located in remote locations together by means of cloud portal. IoT maybe equipped with millions or billions of devices. IoT handles large volume of data, process the huge data and performs useful control actions to make our life safe and simple. IoT evolves Human-human communication with thing-thing communication. IoT applications are not confined to a particular sector. In the fields such as health care, smart homes, industries, transportation, etc., the technology which is more influential is IoT. Energy sectors are now undergoing transformation. The transformation is driven by IOT. Green energy without IoT cannot be imagined in this energy sector. Renewable energy sources will be the major power producers among all the other sources due to the depletion of conventional energy sources. Among the renewable energy sources, Solar and Wind contributes more when compared to geothermal, biomass, etc. Renewable energy power production depends on environmental factors such as temperature, wind speed, light intensity etc. These factors affect the performance of energy conversion in renewable energy sources. Since our future generation will depend only on renewable energy, it becomes necessary for the researchers to integrate IOT to provide reliable and affordable energy. Renewable power generation helps in reducing the toxic level of gases which may be produced by thermal power stations during power generation. IoT brings about changes from generation to transmission to distribution. For example, let us compare the traditional grid with that of the smart grid. In the case of traditional one-way communication exists that is power produced from the power station is transmitted to the customer. The customer has to pay for the energy consumed. But smart grid has two-way communication. The customer has the capability to pay for the energy consumed only and if excess power produced can be transmitted to the grid. IoT helps in analyzing the demand as well the wastage of energy, helps in scheduling the load in order to reduce the cost. The sensors and data sciences with IOT helps in achieving the automation and intelligent operation of renewable energy farms, increases the efficiency and reliability of the farms to meet our future power demand.

scholarly journals A meliorated Harris Hawks optimizer for combinatorial unit commitment problem with photovoltaic applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayani Nandi ◽  
Vikram Kumar Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Unit Commitment Problem ◽  
Spinning Reserve ◽  
Commitment Problem ◽  
Sine Cosine Algorithm

AbstractConventional unit commitment problem (UCP) consists of thermal generating units and its participation schedule, which is a stimulating and significant responsibility of assigning produced electricity among the committed generating units matter to frequent limitations over a scheduled period view to achieve the least price of power generation. However, modern power system consists of various integrated power generating units including nuclear, thermal, hydro, solar and wind. The scheduling of these generating units in optimal condition is a tedious task and involves lot of uncertainty constraints due to time carrying weather conditions. This difficulties come to be too difficult by growing the scope of electrical power sector day by day, so that UCP has connection with problem in the field of optimization, it has both continuous and binary variables which is the furthermost exciting problem that needs to be solved. In the proposed research, a newly created optimizer, i.e., Harris Hawks optimizer (HHO), has been hybridized with sine–cosine algorithm (SCA) using memetic algorithm approach and named as meliorated Harris Hawks optimizer and it is applied to solve the photovoltaic constrained UCP of electric power system. In this research paper, sine–cosine Algorithm is used for provision of power generation (generating units which contribute in electric power generation for upload) and economic load dispatch (ELD) is completed by Harris Hawks optimizer. The feasibility and efficacy of operation of the hybrid algorithm are verified for small, medium power systems and large system considering renewable energy sources in summer and winter, and the percentage of cost saving for power generation is found. The results for 4 generating units, 5 generating units, 6 generating units, 7 generating units, 10 generating units, 19 generating units, 20 generating units, 40 generating units and 60 generating units are evaluated. The 10 generating units are evaluated with 5% and 10% spinning reserve. The efficacy of the offered optimizer has been verified for several standard benchmark problem including unit commitment problem, and it has been observed that the suggested optimizer is too effective to solve continuous, discrete and nonlinear optimization problems.

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