scholarly journals Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes Derived from a Novel Sulfonated Diamine with Pendant Benzenesulfonic Acid for Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6050
Author(s):  
Khurram Liaqat ◽  
Srosh Fazil ◽  
Wajid Rehman ◽  
Shaukat Saeed ◽  
Farid Menaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Benzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimide ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimides

For improving the hydrolytic stability of sulfonated polyimides consisting of five membered anhydrides, novel sulfonated polyimides (NSPIs) were prepared via polymerization of 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), with a novel diamine monomer with a pendant sulfonic acid group and 4,4-oxydianiline. Water uptake of this NSPI with an excellent film-forming ability was almost equal to that of Nafion® 117, while their ion exchange capacity (IEC) was 22% higher than Nafion® 117. The loss in weight decreased by 53% and loss in IEC decreased by 66% compared to that of Nafion® 117; both were used to quantitatively measure hydrolytic stability, and radical oxidative stability also increased by 75% when compared with Nafion® 117. Mechanically, this NSPI was superior, and its proton conductivity was higher than Nafion® 117 at elevated temperatures. All these improvements were due to the introduction of this pendant group. Taken together, we herein report a promising renewable energy source based on SPIs capable of displaying proton conductivity and enhanced hydrophilicity.

Water Sorption and Percolation for Proton-Conducting Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Bin Jia ◽  
Yan Yin ◽  
Jiang Ping Wu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Kui Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sorption Behavior ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimide ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes

The relationship between water sorption behavior and proton conduction in polymer electrolyte membranes based on sulfonated polyimide electrolyte membranes is studied from view points of polymer structure, ion exchange capacity, and percolation theory. The results indicate that the polymer chemical structure and ion exchange capacity show significant effects on water sorption and thus proton conductivity for various membranes. The density values of wet membranes decreased gradually with an increase in water uptake. Polymer electrolytes with flexible side-chain terminated with sulfonic acid group displayed smaller percolation threshold compared with main-chain-type polymer, indicating a better microphase-separation structure.

Preparation of Highly Stable Ion Exchange Membranes by Radiation-Induced Graft Copolymerization of Styrene and Bis(vinyl phenyl)ethane Into Crosslinked Polytetrafluoroethylene Films

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yamaki ◽  
Junichi Tsukada ◽  
Masaharu Asano ◽  
Ryoichi Katakai ◽  
Masaru Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Radiation Induced

We prepared novel ion exchange membranes for possible use in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) by the radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene and new crosslinker bis(vinyl phenyl)ethane (BVPE) into crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (cPTFE) films and subsequent sulfonation and then investigated their water uptake, proton conductivity, and stability in an oxidizing environment. In contrast to the conventional crosslinker, divinylbenzene (DVB), the degree of grafting of styrene∕BVPE increased in spite of high crosslinker concentrations in the reacting solution (up to 70mol%). Quantitative sulfonation of the aromatic rings in the crosslinked graft chains resulted in the preparation of membranes with a high ion exchange capacity that reached 2.9meq∕g. The bulk properties of the membranes were found to exceed those of Nafion membranes except for chemical stability. The emphasis was on the fact that the BVPE-crosslinked membranes exhibited the higher stability in the H2O2 solution at 60°C compared to the noncrosslinked and DVB-crosslinked ones, as well as decreased water uptake and reasonable proton conductivity. These results are rationalized by considering the reactivity between styrene and the crosslinker, which is an important factor determining the distribution of the crosslinks in the graft component. In the case of BVPE, the crosslinks at a high density were homogeneously incorporated even into the interior of the membrane because of its compatibility with styrene while the far too reactive DVB led to a crosslink formation only near the surface. The combination of both the cPTFE main chain and BVPE-based grafts, i.e., a perfect “double” crosslinking structure, is likely to effectively improve the membrane performances for PEFC applications.

Preparation and Properties of Sulfonated Polyimide Proton Conductive Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2779-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhu Yue ◽  
Ya Ping Zhang ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimide ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimides ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Vanadium Redox ◽  
Vanadium Ion

A series of sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) were synthesized by 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA), 2,2′-benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA) and 4,4′- diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) in m-cresol. The sulfonation degree of SPI was controlled through the ratio of sulfonated diamine to the non-sulfonated diamine, and the SPI membranes were prepared by a casting method. The chemical structures of SPI membranes were characterized by FT-IR. The properties of obtained SPI membranes were investigated, such as water uptake, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity and permeability of vanadium ion. The proton conductivities of SPI membranes are ranged from 0.012 to 0.051 S/cm, and the permeabilities of vanadium ion are one or two orders of magnitude less than that of Nafion®117 (1.80×10-6cm2/min ). Experimental results showed that SPI membranes are potential candidates for vanadium redox flow battery.

Sulfonated aromatic copoly(ether–amide) membranes II

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadi Elim Sosa-González ◽  
Ramón del Jesús Palí-Casanova ◽  
Yamile Pérez-Padilla ◽  
María Isabel Loría-Bastarrachea ◽  
José Luis Santiago-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Polycondensation Reaction ◽  
Aromatic Diamines ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sulfonation Degree ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Several aromatic sulfonated copoly(ether–amide)s, based on the aromatic diamines 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p-phenyleneoxy)-dianiline (HFD) and 2,4-diaminobenzensulfonic acid (DABS) and 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid) (OBA), were synthesized through a polycondensation reaction. The sulfonation degree was controlled by introducing different concentrations of 2,4-DABS from 40 mol% up to 80 mol%. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance validated the expected concentrations of sulfonic acid groups in the sulfonated aromatic copoly(ether–amide)s. Thermal decomposition of sulfonic groups was found to initiate at 280°C, while main chain decomposition initiates at 410°C. Proton conductivity between 30°C and 75°C was 19.0 and 45.0 mS/cm, respectively, for the copolymer with the highest concentration of sulfonic groups (–SO3H). Comparison with structurally similar sulfonated copolyamides and copoly(ether–amide)s indicates that these new sulfonated copoly(ether–amide)s based on 4,4′-OBA show improved mechanical properties, but a decrease in ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity.

Highly Proton Conductive Sulfonyl Imide Based Polymer Blended from Poly(arylene ether sulfone) and Parmax-1200 for Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1845-1853
Author(s):  
Lei Jin ◽  
Md Mahabubur Rahman ◽  
Faiz Ahmed ◽  
Taewook Ryu ◽  
Sujin Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Channel ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Post Modification

Thermally and chemically stable, sulfonyl imide-based polymer blends have been prepared from sulfonimide poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SI-PAES) and sulfonimide Parmax-1200 (SI-Parmax-1200) using the solvent casting method. Initially, sulfonimide poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SI-PAES) polymers have typically been synthesized via direct polymerization of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfonyl imide (SI-DCDPS) and bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone (DFDPS) with bisphenol A (BPA). Subsequently, SI-Parmax-1200 has been synthesized via post-modification of the existing Parmax-1200 polymer followed by sulfonation and imidization. The SI-PAES/SI-Parmax-1200 blend membranes show high ion exchange capacity ranging from 1.65 to 1.97 meq/g, water uptake ranging from 22.8 to 65.4% and proton conductivity from 25.9 to 78.5 mS/cm. Markedly, the SI-PAES-40/SI-Parmax-1200 membrane (blended-40) exhibits the highest proton conductivity (78.5 mS/cm), which is almost similar to Nafion 117® (84.73 mS/cm). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fenton's test confirm the excellent thermal and chemical stability of the synthetic polymer blends. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study shows a distinct phase separation at the hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments, which facilitate proton conduction throughout the ionic channel of the blend polymers. Therefore, the synthetic polymer blends represent an alternative to Nafion 117® as proton exchangers for fuel cells.

Synthesis and properties of new sulfonated naphthalenic polyimides as proton exchange membrane for fuel cell applications

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhao ◽  
Y.D. Huang ◽  
Y.M. Piao
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Polyimide Membrane ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimide ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimides

AbstractThe diamine monomer, 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)benzoxazole(ABO), was successfully synthesized and a series of new naphthalenic sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) were prepared from 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA), 2,2’-benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA), ABO and 1,10- diaminedecane (DADE) using one-step high temperature polymerization method. Their structures were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR and TG-DSC. The sulfonated degree of the SPI copolymers was controlled through varying the molar ratio of BDSA to the non-sulfonated diamines. Tough and transparent membranes with the typical polyimide brown colour were prepared by casting from the polymer solution. They showed clear anisotropic membrane swelling in water with larger dimensional changes in the thickness direction of membrane. The sulfonated polyimide membrane containing 20mol% benzoxazole moieties (SPI-20) showed desirable thermal stability with the decomposition temperature of 272°C and mechanical stability with the maximum stress of 42 MPa. The proton conductivity (6.2×10-3S/cm) of SPI-20 membrane was comparable to that of Nafion®117 membrane measured under the same condition (9.8×10-3 S/cm). The effects of temperature on the proton conductivity, and highly anisotropic proton conductivity in the thickness and plane direction were also investigated.

Synthesis and Properties of Self-Crosslinking Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternary Poly(arylene Ether Sulfone)s

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 857-860
Author(s):  
Shi Chao Fang ◽  
Hongliang Zhang ◽  
Feilong Wang ◽  
Hui Ping Bi ◽  
Zhao Xia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Conductivity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Condensation Polymerization ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Arylene Ether

A series of anion exchange membranes based on poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PAES) have been prepared through condensation polymerization, chloromethylation and quaternization. The membrane using N, N, N’,N’-tetramethylhexyldiamine both as the quaternization and crosslinking reagent had self-crosslinking structure, and their properties have been compared with those using trimethylamie as the quaternization reagent, including ion exchange capacity, solubility, water uptake, dimensional change, hydrolytic stability and ion conductivity. The self-crosslinking membranes showed improvement in durability towards common organic solvents, dimensional stability and ion conductivity.

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of sulfonated poly(aryl ether) PEMs containing phthalazinone and oxadiazole moieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihong Jin ◽  
Xiuling Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal And Chemical Stability ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

In this work, 2,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (2F-Oz) is synthesized and successfully polymerized with 4-(4-hydroxyaryl)-phthalazin-1-one (DHPZ) through polycondensation to produce poly(ether 1,3,4-oxidiazole) containing phthalazinone units (PPEO) with intrinsic viscosity 1.54 dL g−1. A series of sulfonated poly(ether-1,3,4-oxidiazole)s (SPPEOs) with different degrees of sulfonation are prepared via postsulfonation reaction. The chemical structure of PPEO and SPPEOs was characterized through FT-IR and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. SPPEOs have excellent film-forming properties and readily dissolve in polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and so on. The water uptake of these SPPEO membranes with measured ion-exchange capacity of 1.13–1.61 mmol g−1 was 15.7–34.1% at 25°C and 17.9–59.8% at 60°C, and swelling ratio was 5.9–14.2% at 25°C and 6.6–18.1% at 60°C, respectively. The proton conductivity of SPPEO-1.61 is 0.045 S cm−1 at 30°C and 0.065 S cm−1 at 80°C, and the tensile strength of the SPPEO-1.61 is 48 MPa, and its elongation at break was 21%. The thermal and chemical stability of the SPPEOs is also examined.

scholarly journals Functionalization of Chitosan with Maleic Anhydride for Proton Exchange Membrane

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridwan Septiawan ◽  
Dian Permana ◽  
Sitti Hadijah Sabarwati ◽  
La Ode Ahmad ◽  
La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chitosan Membrane ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Chitosan was modified by maleic anhydride, and it was then functionalized using heterogeneous and blending method to obtain the membrane. The results of the reaction between chitosan with maleic anhydride were signed by the new peak appears around 1475 cm-1 which attributed to C=C bending of alkene. The new peak also appears at 1590 cm-1 which attributed to N-H bending of amide. Chitosan-maleic anhydride membranes show microstructure of chitosan membrane with high porous density and rigidity while chitosan-maleic anhydride membranes have clusters. In addition, the thermal tenacity of membranes reached 500 °C. Modified membrane by heterogeneous and blending method have higher water uptake, ion exchange capacity, and proton conductivity than chitosan membrane. Moreover, the blending method is much more effective than the heterogeneous method that can be exhibited from ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity values of 1.08–6.38 meq g-1 and 1x10-3–1x10-2 S cm-1, 0.92–2.27 meq g-1 and 1.53x10-4–3.04x10-3 S cm-1, respectively. The results imply that modification of chitosan membrane with the addition of maleic anhydride using heterogeneous and blending method can be applied to proton exchange membrane.

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