scholarly journals Nature Conservation and Nature-Based Tourism: A Paradox?

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle D. Wolf ◽  
David B. Croft ◽  
Ronda J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Visitor Impacts ◽  
Wildlife Viewing

Throughout the world, areas have been reserved for their exceptional environmental values, such as high biodiversity. Financial, political and community support for these protected areas is often dependent on visitation by nature-based tourists. This visitation inevitably creates environmental impacts, such as the construction and maintenance of roads, tracks and trails; trampling of vegetation and erosion of soils; and propagation of disturbance of resilient species, such as weeds. This creates tension between the conservation of environmental values and visitation. This review examines some of the main features of environmental impacts by nature-based tourists through a discussion of observational and manipulative studies. It explores the disturbance context and unravels the management implications of detecting impacts and understanding their causes. Regulation of access to visitor areas is a typical management response, qualified by the mode of access (e.g., vehicular, ambulatory). Managing access and associated impacts are reviewed in relation to roads, tracks and trails; wildlife viewing; and accommodations. Responses to visitor impacts, such as environmental education and sustainable tour experiences are explored. The review concludes with ten recommendations for further research in order to better resolve the tension between nature conservation and nature-based tourism.

scholarly journals Changes in the human footprint in and around Indonesia’s terrestrial national parks between 2012 and 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri A. Dwiyahreni ◽  
Habiburrachman A. H. Fuad ◽  
Sunaryo Muhtar ◽  
T. E. Budhi Soesilo ◽  
Chris Margules ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe human footprint (HF) was developed to measure of the impact of human activities on the environment. The human footprint has been found to be closely related to the vulnerability of protected areas around the world. In Indonesia, as nature conservation is still seen as hindering economic development, it is especially important to assess the human footprint in order to comprehend the overall pressures resulting from the various human activities on Indonesia’s national parks. This study measured the change in the human footprint in and around 43 terrestrial national parks over 5 years, between 2012 and 2017. As many as 37 out of 43 NPs experienced an increase in the HF, ranging from 0.4 to 77.3%. Tanjung Puting in Kalimantan experienced the greatest increase (77.3%), while Ujung Kulon in Jawa Bali bioregion had the greatest decrease (10.5%). An increase in human population density and improved access to parks from roads, rivers and coastlines are the main drivers of increasing impacts on national parks.

scholarly journals Gestão do uso público em parques urbanos: o caso do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (RJ)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pellin ◽  
Gislaine de Carvalho ◽  
Jussara Christina Reis ◽  
Andrea Pellin
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
Environmental Causes

As Unidades de Conservação urbanas apresentam vários benefícios e valores associados a sua existência. Entre os principais, destaca-se a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de bons programas de uso público, que têm grande potencial para promover uma maior integração entre estas áreas e a população que vive nas grandes cidades. Este artigo discute essas potencialidades utilizando o caso do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB) – Rio de Janeiro, maior parque urbano do país. Para isso, foi identificado o perfil dos usuários da UC, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com 203 visitantes. Também foi realizada a caracterização das infraestruturas e atividades oferecidas, por meio de observações em campo e entrevistas junto aos funcionários do Parque. Os resultados demonstraram que a visitação no PEPB ainda é bastante incipiente, se comparada ao grande potencial que apresenta. Apesar disso, a UC é uma importante alternativa para recreação de moradores dos bairros localizados em seu entorno imediato. Acredita-se que o Parque apresenta oportunidades de fortalecimento e ampliação da visitação e que, desde que isso seja feito de forma ordenada e com base em um bom programa de uso público, poderá contribuir para a sensibilização de grande número de pessoas, disseminando conceitos sobre conservação da natureza e angariando parceiros em defesa das causas ambientais e proteção desta UC. Management of public use in urban protected areas: the case of Pedra Branca State Park (RJ, Brazil) ABSTRACT The urban protected areas have several benefits and values associate with their existence. Among the main, the possibility of development of good public use programs has distinction because of their great potential to promote a bigger integration between these areas and the population living in big cities. This article discusses these capabilities using the case of Pedra Branca State Park (PBSP) – Rio de Janeiro, the biggest urban park in the country. For this, was identified the profile of park visitors, with interviews conducted with 203 people. It was realized too the characterization of the infrastructure and offered activities, from field observations and interviews with employees of the Park. The results demonstrate that the visitation in the PBSP still is too incipient if compared to big potential that this area shows. Nevertheless, the PBSP is an important alternative to recreation of the residents located in its immediate surroundings. It is believed that the Park offers opportunities for visitation strengthening and expanding, and if this is done in an orderly way and based on a good public use program will be able to contribute to the sensitization of a great number of people, disseminating concepts of nature conservation and raising partners in defense of environmental causes and protection of this protected area. KEYWORDS: Protected Areas; Urban Paks; Tourism; Environmental Education.

scholarly journals Protecting Nature and Displacing People

Refuge ◽  
1997 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Peter Vandergeest
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Local People ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
The World ◽  
Displacement Effects

We usually think that national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and other areas reserved for the protection of nature are good things but the displacement effects of protected areas have made them highly controversial in many parts of the world. However, many environmental groups see an expanded protected areas system as central to the preservation of both biodiversity and the "charismatic megafauna" which are the basis of their funding drives. Based on a discussion of the historical roots of protected areas, the globalization of nature protection and local people in conservation, this article offers alternatives to the displacement of rural populations in the name of nature conservation.

scholarly journals National and landscape parks as a part of sustainable regional development in Northern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Anetta Waśniewska ◽  
Hanna Kruk
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development

Sustainable development at a local and regional level depends on many factors. One of them, strictly related to biodiversity conservation and proper ecosystem functioning, is the presence of such protected areas as national (NP) and landscape (LP) parks in the region. Such forms of nature conservation are established in places of high environmental values. However, this also means restrictions and prohibitions that may limit possibility of local development. The main aim of the research is an attempt to study an influence of LP and NP on socio-economic development of communes in three provinces in the north of Poland (Western Pomerania, Pomerania, Warmia and Mazury). The results of examination survey sent to local authorities were used in the research. The results are ambiguous and may depend on the location of a particular park. Moreover, the majority of research respondents did not believe that the presence of such protected areas have a strong negative impact on communes, the local development and also pointed to some benefits related to NP and LP, like enhancing tourist attractiveness of the area.

scholarly journals Rights of Nature Versus Nature Conservation Rights of Nature Versus Conventional Nature Conservation: International Lessons from Australia’s Tarkine Wilderness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Benjamin Richardson ◽  
Nina Hamaski
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
Conceptual Shift ◽  
Important Research Question

The rights-of-nature model is gaining traction as an innovative legal approach for nature conservation. Although adopted in several countries, it remains in its infancy, including in Australia. An important research question is whether rights of nature will offer superior environmental outcomes compared to traditional nature conservation techniques including creation of protected areas. This article investigates that question through a case study of the Tarkine wilderness, in the Australia state of Tasmania. It first identifies key lessons from existing international experience with affirmation of rights of nature, such as in New Zealand and Ecuador. The article then explores how rights of nature could apply in Australia’s Tarkine region and their value compared to existing or potential protected areas and other nature conservation measures under Australian or Tasmanian law. Affirming rights of nature represents a major conceptual shift in how people via the law relate to the natural world, but whether the model offers practical benefits for nature conservation depends on a variety of conditions, in addition to the need to address broader societal drivers of environmentaldegradation.

Unfolding hidden environmental impacts of food waste: An assessment for fifteen countries of the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 127523
Author(s):  
S. Ludmila ◽  
P.P. Franzese ◽  
R. Capone ◽  
E. Buonocore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
The World

Minimising Visitor Impacts to Protected Areas: The Efficacy of Low Impact Education Programmes

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Marion ◽  
Scott E. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Visitor Impacts

scholarly journals Evolution and Conservation on Top of the World: Phylogeography of the Marbled Water Frog (Telmatobius marmoratusSpecies Complex; Anura, Telmatobiidae) in Protected Areas of Chile

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. 546-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro F. Victoriano ◽  
Carla Muñoz-Mendoza ◽  
Paola A. Sáez ◽  
Hugo F. Salinas ◽  
Carlos Muñoz-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
The World

Potentials and Problems of Hill Areas in Relation to Conservation of Wildlife in India

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Oza
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Research Centres ◽  
Golden Langur ◽  
Nilgiri Langur

Basically through population pressures leading to habitat encroachment and commercial slaughter, India is becoming poorer, day be day, in her still-rich heritage of wildlife. Virgin forests on the plains and in the hilly regions are dwindling. Unfortunately, education and research centres have not cared to educate the youth of the country about the importance of nature conservation.The Author's field endeavours, extending over more than a decade, have helped to reveal that 18 of India's 27 threatened mammalian species—lion-tailed Macaque, Macaque, Nilgiri Langur, Golden Langur, Snub-nosed Langur, Wolf, Asiatic Wild Dog, Malabar Large-spotted Civet, Clouded Leopard, Indian Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Asian Elephant, Sumatran Rhinoceros, Kashmir Stag, Gaur, Wild Yak, Nilgiri Tahr, and Markhor—have their homes in hilly or montane habitats. Pradoxically, India has the dubious distinction of ranking second in the world, and first among the 15 countries of the Oriental region, in having 27 mammalian species whose world populations are to some extent threatened according to the Red Data Book (IUCN, 1972).

From environmental education to education for sustainable development in higher education: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Mauricio Acosta Castellanos ◽  
Araceli Queiruga-Dios
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations

Purpose In education concerning environmental issues, there are two predominant currents in the world, environmental education (EE) and education for sustainable development (ESD). ESD is the formal commitment and therefore promoted by the United Nations, to ensure that countries achieve sustainable development. In contrast, EE was the first educational trend with an environmental protection approach. The purpose of this systematic review that seeks to show whether the migration from EE to ESD is being effective and welcomed by researchers and especially by universities is presented. With the above, a global panorama can be provided, where the regions that choose each model can be identified. In the same sense, it was sought to determine which of the two currents is more accepted within engineering education. Design/methodology/approach The review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes parameters for systematic reviews. In total, 198 papers indexed in Scopus, Science Direct, ERIC and Scielo were analyzed. With the results, the advancement of ESD and the state of the EE by regions in the world were identified. Findings It was possible to categorize the geographical regions that host either of the two EE or ESD currents. It is important to note that ESD has gained more strength from the decade of ESD proposed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. For its part, EE has greater historical roots in some regions of the planet. In turn, there is evidence of a limited number of publications on the design and revision of study plans in engineering. Originality/value Through this systematic literature review, the regions of the world that are clinging to EE and those that have taken the path of ESD could be distinguished. Moreover, specific cases in engineering where ESD has been involved were noted.

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