scholarly journals Effect of Organic Residues on Pesticide Behavior in Soils: A Review of Laboratory Research

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
María J. Carpio ◽  
María J. Sánchez-Martín ◽  
M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz ◽  
Jesús M. Marín-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The management of large volumes of organic residues generated in different livestock, urban, agricultural and industrial activities is a topic of environmental and social interest. The high organic matter content of these residues means that their application as soil organic amendments in agriculture is considered one of the more sustainable options, as it could solve the problem of the accumulation of uncontrolled wastes while improving soil quality and avoiding its irreversible degradation. However, the behavior of pesticides applied to increase crop yields could be modified in the presence of these amendments in the soil. This review article addresses how the adsorption–desorption, dissipation and leaching of pesticides in soils is affected by different organic residues usually applied as organic amendments. Based on the results reported from laboratory studies, the influence on these processes has been evaluated of multiple factors related to organic residues (e.g., origin, nature, composition, rates, and incubation time of the amended soils), pesticides (e.g., with different use, structure, characteristics, and application method), and soils with different physicochemical properties. Future perspectives on this topic are also included for highlighting the need to extend these laboratory studies to field and modelling scale to better assess and predict pesticide fate in amended soil scenarios.

Pollution and risk assessment of potential hazardous elements in a shooting range soils (NW Spain)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo ◽  
Manoel Lago-Vila ◽  
Daniel Arenas-Lago ◽  
María Luisa Andrade ◽  
Flora Alonso Vega
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Pollution Assessment ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Potentially Harmful Elements ◽  
Shooting Range Soils

Pollution at shooting ranges is an issue of growing importance. Accumulation in soils of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) from ammunitions used is a major environmental risk. The total and available (extraction with 0.01 M CaCl<sub>2</sub> and DTPA) content of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn were evaluated in 10 soils from a shooting range for military use (León, Spain). The results showed that, among the studied pollutants, Pb is the element present in highest concentration (13.83-4451.57 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), followed by Sb (1.80-96.10 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), Cu (4.50-88.52 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), As (13.24-62.47 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), Zn (13.31-46.19 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), Ni (11.53-46.30 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) and Cd (0.30-1.00 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>). The strong soil acidity, its medium organic matter content and low proportion of clay, favor a high availability of these PHEs, particularly Pb and Cu. Although impact mitigation measures, such as collecting cartridges whenever a round of shots is fired in the shooting range, the pollution assessment indicates that performances should improve in the berm. The application of organic amendments, or nanomaterials, could help reduce the PHEs availability and avoid the contamination of adjacent areas.

scholarly journals Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility for the recovery of a saline soil with organic amendments

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-430
Author(s):  
Judith Prieto Méndez ◽  
Francisco Prieto García ◽  
Nallely Trejo González ◽  
Yolanda Marmolejo Santillán ◽  
Otilio Arturo Acevedo Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
First Time ◽  
Soil Colloids

ABSTRACT The accumulation of salts in the soil profile produces conditions that affect the growth of crops. The effects of these conditions on crops and the intensity of these effects depend on the quantity and type of salts that predominate and are also influenced by soil characteristics and climate, among other aspects. The salinization of agricultural soils is a serious problem facing agriculture today. The use of organic amendments has increased in recent years, acting on the texture of the soil, correcting compaction or granularity problems, and influencing chemical and/or biological reactions. The objectives of this work were to analyze the use of compost and vermicompost using different analysis techniques to determine the influence of conditions on the remediation of a saline soil. In saturation extracts of soil, compost, and vermicompost, a Zeta potential value 2.34-2.44 times more negative (more-stable colloids) than that in the soil colloids was observed in the amendments. The values of electrophoretic mobility were more negative in the organic amendments compared with the soil. This is the first time that these parameters have been reported for these purposes and for a saline soil. In this study, the soil has low organic matter content (1.65%), so these amendments are expected to improve soil quality and texture, achieving the recovery of saline soils.

An experiment on the effects of straw ploughed in or composted on a three-course rotation of crops

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiencies ◽  
Second Year

An experiment on the use of wheat straw (ploughed in or composted at the rate of 53⅓ cwt./acre every second year) and NPK fertilizers in the maintenance of fertility was carried out at Rothamsted between 1933 and 1958. The effects of these treatments on the yields of the crops of the rotation used in the experiment—barley, sugar beet, potatoes—are discussed in the present paper.The treatments appear to have had no effect on crop yields through improvements to the soil caused by better structure or increased organic matter content. All the effects obtained can be attributed to changes in the supplies of available nutrients. The most important of these changes appear to have been: (1) nitrogen deficiencies due to the immobilization of soil nitrogen or nitrogen fertilizer by the straw: there is some evidence that this added to the store of slowly available nitrogen; (2) additions to potassium supplies from potassium in the straw. Factor (1) affected all three crops. Factor (2) affected potatoes, the only crop of the three to give good responses to potassium.It was found that when the straw was ploughed in directly about 0·08 ewt. N fertilizer applied to the crops for each ton of straw was sufficient to overcome losses in yield due to nitrogen deficiencies. The straw improved the yields of potatoes in the first and second years after application. Provided that allowance was made for losses of available nitrogen the yields of potatoes from ploughed-in straw were about the same as the yields obtained by adding K fertilizer to the crop, equal in amount to the potassium in the straw. When part of the fertilizers was ploughed in with the straw instead of being given directly to the crop the yields of potatoes were reduced.Compost made with NT fertilizers and straw and ploughed in with K fertilizer gave much poorer yields than were obtained by ploughing the straw in directly and applying the fertilizers to the crops. Losses of available nitrogen were severe, all the N fertilizer used in making the compost (0·15 cwt. N for each ton of straw) being either lost through drainage or immobilized by the straw. In addition, more than one half of the potassium in the straw was lost in composting.There was no evidence that any of the nitrogen immobilized in the decomposition of the straw became available in the first or second years after application. Residues from repeated applications of straw every second year over 18 years increased the yields of potatoes and sugar beet in the last 6 years of the experiment. The increases may have been due to the release of previously immobilized nitrogen.

scholarly journals Effect of Composted Paper Sludges and Municipal Waste Compost Amendments on the Growth of Kentucky Bluegrass

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 896G-897
Author(s):  
M. Laganière ◽  
P. Lecomte ◽  
Y. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Shearing Strength ◽  
Sod Production

In Quebec, commercial sod is produced on >3000 ha. Generally, ≈20 months are required to produce market-ready sod. When conditions are suitable, harvest of marketable sod is possible within a year. However, intensive management may result in soil compaction and a reduction of the organic matter content. Considering the increasing amount of amendment available, sod production fields could be interesting for their disposal. In this study, visual quality and sod root growth was examined following an application of an organic amendment at 50, 100, and 150 t·ha–1, incorporated to depth of 6 or 20 cm. Plots established on a sandy soil receiving organic amendments had higher visual quality ratings. Bulk density was significantly reduced following compost or paper sludge application to a heavy soil. The shearing strength required to tear sod amended with compost was significantly higher in comparison with control and paper sludge treatments.

scholarly journals Impacts de l’agriculture de conservation sur les propriétés et la productivité des vertisols du Maroc Central

Afrika Focus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Moussadek
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Nutrient Pool

In Morocco, intensive agriculture with deep tillage and soil inversion caused rapid soil structure deterioration with loss of soil organic matter content. This practice leads to a decrease in soil fertility, a degradation of the soil physical properties and a reduction of crop yields in different soil types, such as Vertisols. In fact, Vertisols (or Tirs as vernacular name) are among the most productive soils in Morocco, but they are also susceptible to compaction and reduced water infiltration due to intensive tillage. No-tillage (NT) is commonly promoted as a management practice capable of offsetting soil carbon depletion, improving aggregation, enriching the soil nutrient pool and enhancing crop productivity in many parts of the world. However, the influence of the NT system as compared to the conventional tillage (CT) system on physical, chemical and hydrodynamic soil properties was not yet well studied in the semi-arid environment of Morocco where rainfall ranges from 350 to 600 mm. This research focused mainly on those parameters with important agronomical or environmental impact: bulk density (Db), soil strength assessed using cone index (CI), hydraulic conductivity (K), sorptivity (S), soil water potential (SWP), soil organic carbon content or stock (SOCc or SOCs), runoff, soil loss, soil CO2 emission and crop yield. 

Adsorption and Degradation of Chlorbromuron in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
Capacity Degradation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The adsorption-desorption equilibria of chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] in soil conformed to the Freundlich equation. Values of the constants,kandn, ranged from 4.2 to 12.3 and from 1.2 to 2.5, respectively, in eight soils. No significant linear correlation was detected between the Freundlich k values and soil texture, organic-matter content, pH, or water-holding capacity. Degradation studies were conducted using14C-carbonyl-radiolabeled chlorbromuron in soil incubated at 18 or 32 C, with and without prior autoclaving, and with and without glucose enrichment. Degradation was enhanced by the higher temperature and glucose amendment, and it was retarded by autoclaving. Thin-layer chromatography indicated no accumulation of the monomethyl or monomethoxy derivative of chlorbromuron in any of the treatments. Chlorbromuron degraded rapidly in the incubation studies. Rapid loss of phytotoxicity was also noted in a greenhouse study with cucumber (cucumis sativusL. ‘Explorer’) bioassay. Phytotoxicity from 4 ppmw chlorbromuron had diminished to a very low level after 12 weeks.

Napropamide Adsorption, Desorption, and Movement in Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Huang Wu ◽  
Normie Buehring ◽  
J. M. Davidson ◽  
P. W. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Soil columns and soil thin-layer chromatography were used to evaluate the mobility of napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N,-diethylpropionamide] in various soils. The surface-applied herbicide did not move deeper than approximately 6 cm in a Teller sandy loam soil after a water application of 10.2 cm. The Rfvalues for napropamide and two reference herbicides were in the order of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] > napropamide > terbutryn [2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine]. The mobility of each herbicide was reduced with an increase in clay and organic matter content. Carbon-14 ring labeled napropamide was used to determine the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the herbicide in various soils. The Rfvalues obtained with napropamide and each soil agreed with the adsorptive characteristics. Small applications of a muck soil to a sand (2%, w/w) significantly increased herbicide adsorption and decreased herbicide desorption.

The use of isometric log ratios to classify phosphorus attributes in composts

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-457
Author(s):  
Bernard Gagnon ◽  
Serge-Étienne Parent ◽  
Dalel Abdi ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Léon-Étienne Parent
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Available P ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Log Ratio ◽  
Cluster 2 ◽  
Plant Available P ◽  
Total P

This research aimed to classify 16 horticultural composts collected across Canada into management group according to their phosphorus (P) fractions and carbon (C) content using isometric log ratio (ilr) and to interpret the clusters against the total P content and C-to-P ratio indices. The ilr approach was found to be more discriminant for grouping the composts compared with the conventional statistical analysis. The C-to-P ratio index was representative of cluster 1 only. This cluster included organic amendments with C-to-P ratios higher than 100 and high capacity to increase soil organic matter content without excessive P dosage. Total P separated clusters 2 and 3 despite the amalgamation of P forms into total P. Cluster 2 showed high total P (>10 g P kg−1) and low C-to-P ratios (24–38), whereas cluster 3 showed variable C-to-P ratios (18–78) and total P <9 g kg−1after excluding one compost close to cluster 2. Clusters 2 and 3 were considered as potential sources of plant-available P. The ilr approach suggests that composts made of municipal biosolids and poultry manures in cluster 2 have the highest potential as plant-available P source compared with those made of other livestock manures or food processing wastes.

scholarly journals Nickel adsorption and desorption in an acric oxisol as a function of pH, ionic strength and incubation time

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estêvão Vicari Mellis ◽  
José Carlos Casagrande ◽  
Marcio Roberto Soares
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Nickel Adsorption

ABSTRACT Although nickel (Ni) has both important potential benefits and toxic effects in the environment, its behavior in tropical soils has not been well studied. Nickel adsorption-desorption in topsoil and subsoil samples of an acric Oxisol was studied at three pH values (from 3.0 to 8.0). Adsorption-desorption isotherms were elaborated from experiments with increasing Ni concentration (5 to 100 mg L-1), during 0, 4, and 12 weeks, using CaCl2 0.01 and 0.1 M as electrolytic support in order to also verify the effect of Ni-soil time contact and of ionic strength on the reaction. Experimental results of Ni adsorption fitted Langmuir model, which indicated that maximum Ni adsorption (71,440 mg kg-1) occurred at subsoil, after 12 weeks. Nickel affinity (KL) was also greater at subsoil (1.0 L kg-1). The Ni adsorption in the topsoil samples was higher, due to its lower point of zero salt effect (PZSE) and higher organic matter content. The increase in soil pH resulted in the increase of Ni adsorption. Nickel desorbed less from soil samples incubated for 4 or 12 weeks, suggesting that Ni interactions with colloidal particles increase over time. The amount of Ni desorbed increased with increasing ionic strength in both the topsoil and subsoil soil samples. Finally, adsorption-desorption hysteresis was clearly observed. Soil pH, ionic strength of soil solution and the Ni-soil contact time should be considered as criteria for selecting the areas for disposal of residues containing Ni or to compose remediation strategies for acric soils contaminated with Ni.

scholarly journals Quick Analysis of Organic Amendments via Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael López-Núñez ◽  
Fátima Ajmal-Poley ◽  
José A. González-Pérez ◽  
Miguel Angel Bello-López ◽  
Pilar Burgos-Doménech
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Elemental Content

The determination of heavy metals in soils and organic amendments, such as compost, manure, biofertilizer, and sludge, generally involves the digestion of samples with aqua regia, and the determination of those in the solution using various techniques. Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) has many advantages in relation to traditional analytical techniques. However, PXRF determines the total elemental content and, until now, its use for the analysis of organic amendments has been limited. The objective of this work is the calibration of a PXRF instrument to determine the aqua regia-soluble elemental contents directly in solid samples of organic amendments. Our proposal will avoid the digestion step and the use of other laboratory techniques. Using a training set of samples, calibration functions were obtained that allow the determination of the aqua regia-soluble contents from the PXRF readings of total contents. The calibration functions (obtained by multiple linear regression) allowed the quantitative determination of the aqua regia-soluble contents of Fe, K, P, S, Zn, Cu, Pb, Sr, Cr, and Mn, as well as the organic matter content and a semi-quantitative assessment of Al, Ca, V, Ba, Ni, and As contents. The readings of Si, Fe, Al, Ca, K, or S were used as correction factors, indicating that the calibrations functions found are truly based on the chemical composition of the sample matrix. This study will allow a fast, cheap, and reliable field analysis of organic amendments and of other biomass-based materials.

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