scholarly journals Evolution of Flood Defense Strategies: Toward Nature-Based Solutions

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Yen-Yu Chiu ◽  
Nidhi Raina ◽  
Hung-En Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Flood Defense ◽  
Engineered Systems

Flood defense strategies have evolved from hard-engineered systems to nature-based solutions that advocate for sustainability to meet today’s environmental, social, and economic goals. This paper aims to analyze the historical progression and evolutionary trends in flood control strategies that have led to nature-based solutions. An evaluative literature review was conducted to narrate the evolution of nature-based flood management approaches for different flood types, river floods, coastal floods, and stormwater run-offs. The analysis reflected three evolutionary trends: the transformation of hard measures to soft measures; secondly, the increase in society’s attention to ecosystems and their services; and, finally, divergence from single-function solutions to multi-function solutions. However, continuous monitoring and evaluation of the previous projects and adapting to the lessons learned are the key to progress towards sustainable flood management strategies and their societal acceptance.

Effective Post-Construction Evaluation Practices for Work Zone Management Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (26) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Volk ◽  
Ryan S. Jeong ◽  
Jennifer S. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Total Construction Cost

State departments of transportation (DOTs) invest a significant amount of effort to develop and implement transportation management plans (TMPs) in order to effectively manage the traffic flow of work zones and secure the safety of workers and the traveling public during construction of highway projects. State DOTs typically spend an average 3% to 5% of the total construction cost for TMP development and implementation, but some urban projects, in highly congested areas, may require up to 30% of the total construction cost for this effort. For continuous improvement of TMP development and implementation, it is critically important to monitor the performance of work zone management strategies during construction and evaluate them at the conclusion of construction. However, most state DOTs lack structured policies and/or work processes to ensure the implementation of these important monitoring and evaluation components as part of the TMP. A working feedback loop must be established in the project delivery process to document lessons learned, successes and failures, potential changes to the TMP, and transfer them back to the early TMP development stage. This research extensively reviews existing literature and evaluates the current practices of monitoring and evaluating work zone management strategies. This study identifies and presents effective practices for continuous improvement of TMP development and implementation through creating a working feedback loop.

scholarly journals Future flood management strategies in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 01014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Junaidi ◽  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah ◽  
Darwizal Daoed
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Defense ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
The City

Rapid developments in the catchments, such as deforestation and loss of swamp areas, and in the city, such us sealing off unpaved areas have resulted in higher runoff and deteriorated the river’s conveyance capacity. Critical flooding conditions occur in the city, particularly during heavy rainfall and high tidal flow. Inundation can be characterized as river, tidal, flash and urban flood. A number of flood defense measures have been implemented, designed for return periods of 15 to 50 years, and nonstructural measures within communities who live in flood-prone areas. However, strategies consisting of both structural and nonstructural measures should be developed, upgrade current flood defense practices in Indonesia to a higher safety level, complying with a return period of 50 to 100 years. An integrated and holistic approach is necessary to find solutions for flood management problems in Indonesia. Besides, a regional Water Resources Management plan should be developed, taking into account both flooding and water scarcity issues. The study at hand describes various flood management strategies, each compiled on the basis of different starting points, such as structural measures, non-structural measures, environmental considerations, etc. The implementation of strategies, or separate measures, should focus on priorities for areas most frequently affected. On the short term, efficiency and low-cost measures should be implemented, such as flood forecasting and early warming and flood proofing. In addition, planning of mid and long-term measures should commence on short notice. In the mid-term, larger scale and sustainable measures should be implemented in order to reach a safe level with return periods of 50 to 100 years in the future. Finally, however involving stakeholders and the local communities in planning, development, and implementation of strategies and measures are of utmost importance.

scholarly journals The simulation model for a flood management by flood control facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 15002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Davydov ◽  
Valery Antonov ◽  
Dmitry Molodtsov ◽  
Alexey Cheremisin ◽  
Vadim Korablev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Requirements

The rapid spread of storm floods over large areas requires flood management throughout the river basin by the creation an innovative system of flood control facilities of various functional purposes distributed in the area. The central part of the system is the hydro system with hydro power plant. In addition, the flood control facilities on the side tributaries with self-regulating reservoir are included in the system. To assess the effect of controlling extreme water discharges by flood control facilities, it is necessary to develop special mathematical models reflecting the specifics of their operation. Unified mathematical models of the operation modes of a hydro complex with hydroelectric power station and flood control facility are created. They are implemented in a computer program that provides the ability to determine the main parameters and operating characteristics of hydro systems when performing multivariate calculations in a wide range of initial data. This makes possible specifying the parameters and operation modes of each hydro system with the current economic and environmental requirements, to assess the energy-economic and environmental consequences in the operation of the system of flood control facilities distributed in the area. The article analyses the results of the extreme water discharge’s regulation by the hydro system on the main river and flood control facilities on the side tributaries, considering environmental requirements.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Evaluation of COVID-19 response in the WHO African Region: challenges and lessons learned

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Benido Impouma ◽  
Caitlin M. Wolfe ◽  
Franck Mboussou ◽  
Bridget Farham ◽  
Tessa Saturday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
African Region

scholarly journals Understanding Water Use Conflicts to Advance Collaborative Planning: Lessons Learned from Lake Diefenbaker, Canada

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Jania Chilima ◽  
Jill Blakley ◽  
Harry Diaz ◽  
Lalita Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Collaborative Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Lake Diefenbaker ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Water Uses

Conflicts around the multi-purpose water uses of Lake Diefenbaker (LD) in Saskatchewan, Canada need to be addressed to meet rapidly expanding water demands in the arid Canadian prairie region. This study explores these conflicts to advance collaborative planning as a means for improving the current water governance and management of this lake. Qualitative methodology that employed a wide participatory approach was used to collect focus group data from 92 individuals, who formed a community of water users. Results indicate that the community of water users is unified in wanting to maintain water quality and quantity, preserving the lake’s aesthetics, and reducing water source vulnerability. Results also show these users are faced with water resource conflicts resulting from lack of coherence of regulatory instruments in the current governance regime, and acceptable management procedures of both consumptive and contemporary water uses that are interlinked in seven areas of: irrigation, industrial, and recreational water uses; reservoir water level for flood control and hydroelectricity production; wastewater and lagoon management; fish farm operations; and regional water development projects. As a means of advancing collaborative planning, improvements in water allocation and regulatory instruments could be made to dissipate consumptive use conflicts and fill the under-regulation void that exists for contemporary water uses. Additionally, a comprehensive LD water use master plan, as a shared vision to improve participation in governance, could be developed to direct the water uses that have emerged over time. This study suggests that these three areas are practical starting conditions that would enable successful collaborative planning for the seven areas of water uses. Focusing on these three areas would ensure the current and future needs of the community of water users are met, while avoiding reactive ways of solving water problems in the LD region, especially as the water crisis in the Canadian Prairie region where LD is located is expected to intensify.

Chemosensory genes in the head of Spodoptera litura larvae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu Li ◽  
Ji-Wei Xu ◽  
Wei-Chen Yao ◽  
Hui-Hui Yang ◽  
Youssef Dewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Chemosensory System ◽  
Chemosensory Genes

Abstract The tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest with a highly selective and sensitive chemosensory system involved in complex physiological behaviors such as searching for food sources, feeding, courtship, and oviposition. However, effective management strategies for controlling the insect pest populations under threshold levels are lacking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate eco-friendly pest control strategies based on the disruption of the insect chemosensory system. In this study, we identified 158 putative chemosensory genes based on transcriptomic and genomic data for S. litura, including 45 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs, nine were new), 23 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 60 odorant receptors (ORs, three were new), and 30 gustatory receptors (GRs, three were new), a number higher than those reported by previous transcriptome studies. Subsequently, we constructed phylogenetic trees based on these genes in moths and analyzed the dynamic expression of various genes in head capsules across larval instars using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nine genes–SlitOBP8, SlitOBP9, SlitOBP25, SlitCSP1, SlitCSP7, SlitCSP18, SlitOR34, SlitGR240, and SlitGR242–were highly expressed in the heads of 3- to 5-day-old S. litura larvae. The genes differentially expressed in olfactory organs during larval development might play crucial roles in the chemosensory system of S. litura larvae. Our findings substantially expand the gene inventory for S. litura and present potential target genes for further studies on larval feeding in S. litura.

scholarly journals Bringing Psychosocial Support to Headache Sufferers Using Information and Communication Technology: Lessons Learned from Asking Potential Users What they Want

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Huguet ◽  
Jennifer Stinson ◽  
Bonnie MacKay ◽  
Carolyn Watters ◽  
Michelle Tougas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Pain Diary

BACKGROUND: Headaches are a major concern for which psychosocial interventions are recommended. However, headache sufferers do not always have ready access to these interventions. Technology has been used to improve access, especially in young people.OBJECTIVES: To examine user preferences to inform the development of an Internet-based psychosocial intervention including smartphone technology, referred to as the Wireless Headache Intervention.METHODS: The methodology followed a participatory design cycle, including 25 headache sufferers (14 to 28 years of age) who informed the prototype design. All participants were familiar with smartphones and the Internet. Through two iterative cycles of focus groups stratified according to age, qualitative data were collected by asking user preferences for the different planned components of the intervention (ie, smartphone pain diary, Internet-based self-management treatment, social support) and other relevant aspects (ie, smartphone versus computer delivery, and ways of reaching target audience). NVivo 8 with content analysis was used to analyze data and reflect themes as guided by the thematic survey.RESULTS: Participants reported a preference for completing the smart-phone pain diary on a daily basis. Participants believed that the program should facilitate easy access to information regarding headaches and management strategies. They also wanted access to other headache sufferers and experts. Participants believed that the program should be customizable and interactive. They reinforced the need and value of an integrated smartphone and Internet-based application.CONCLUSIONS: The results provide insight into a participatory design to guide design decisions for the type of intervention for which success relies largely on self-motivation. The results also provide recommendations for design of similar interventions that may benefit from the integration of mobile applications to Internet-based interventions. The present research contributes to the theoretical frameworks that have been formulated for the development of Internet-based applications.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Management Strategies of Zearalenone in Food and Feed: A Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dipendra Kumar Mahato ◽  
Sheetal Devi ◽  
Shikha Pandhi ◽  
Bharti Sharma ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar Maurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Natural Estrogens ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Sources

Mycotoxins represent an assorted range of secondary fungal metabolites that extensively occur in numerous food and feed ingredients at any stage during pre- and post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin categorized as a xenoestrogen poses structural similarity with natural estrogens that enables its binding to the estrogen receptors leading to hormonal misbalance and numerous reproductive diseases. ZEN is mainly found in crops belonging to temperate regions, primarily in maize and other cereal crops that form an important part of various food and feed. Because of the significant adverse effects of ZEN on both human and animal, there is an alarming need for effective detection, mitigation, and management strategies to assure food and feed safety and security. The present review tends to provide an updated overview of the different sources, occurrence and biosynthetic mechanisms of ZEN in various food and feed. It also provides insight to its harmful effects on human health and agriculture along with its effective detection, management, and control strategies.

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