An Evaluation of the Accuracy and Precision of Jump Height Measurements Using Different Technologies and Analytical Methods

This study aims to comprehensively assess the accuracy and precision of five different devices and by incorporating a variety of analytical approaches for measuring countermovement jump height: Qualisys motion system; Force platform; Ergojump; an Accelerometer, and self-made Abalakow jump belt. Twenty-seven male and female physical education students (23.5 ± 3.8 years; height 170 ± 9.1 cm and body mass 69.1 ± 11.4 kg) performed three countermovement jumps simultaneously measured using five devices. The 3D measured displacement obtained through the Qualisys device was considered in this study as the reference value. The best accuracy (difference from 3D measured displacement) and precision (standard deviation of differences) for countermovement jump measurement was found using the Abalakow jump belt (0.8 ± 14.7 mm); followed by the Force platform when employing a double integration method (1.5 ± 13.9 mm) and a flight-time method employed using Qualisys motion system data (6.1 ± 17.1 mm). The least accuracy was obtained for the Ergojump (−72.9 mm) employing its analytical tools and then for the accelerometer and Force platform using flight time approximations (−52.8 mm and −45.3 mm, respectively). The worst precision (±122.7 mm) was obtained through double integration of accelerometer acceleration data. This study demonstrated that jump height measurement accuracy is both device and analytical-approach-dependent and that accuracy and precision in jump height measurement are achievable with simple, inexpensive equipment such as the Abalakow jump belt.

UAV-Based LiDAR Scanning for Individual Tree Detection and Height Measurement in Young Forest Permanent Trials

The installation of research or permanent plots is a very common task in growth and forest yield research. At young ages, tree height is the most commonly measured variable, so the location of individuals is necessary when repeated measures are taken and if spatial analysis is required. Identifying the coordinates of individual trees and re-measuring the height of all trees is difficult and particularly costly (in time and money). The data used comes from three Pinus pinaster Ait. and three Pinus radiata D. Don plantations of 0.8 ha, with an age ranging between 2 and 5 years and mean heights between 1 and 5 m. Five individual tree detection (ITD) methods are evaluated, based on the Canopy Height Model (CHM), where the height of each tree is identified, and its crown is segmented. Three CHM resolutions are used for each method. All algorithms used for individual tree detection (ITD) tend to underestimate the number of trees. The best results are obtained with the R package, ForestTools and rLiDAR. The best CHM resolution for identifying trees was always 10 cm. We did not detect any differences in the relative error (RE) between Pinus pinaster and Pinus radiata. We found a pattern in the ITD depending on the height of the trees to be detected: the accuracy is lower when detecting trees less than 1 m high than when detecting larger trees (RE close to 12% versus 1% for taller trees). Regarding the estimation of tree height, we can conclude that the use of the CHM to estimate height tends to underestimate its value, while the use of the point cloud presents practically unbiased results. The stakeout of forestry research plots and the re-measurement of individual tree heights is an operation that can be performed by UAV-based LiDAR scanning sensors. The individual geolocation of each tree and the measurement of heights versus pole and/or hypsometer measurement is highly accurate and cost-effective, especially when tree height reaches 1–1.5 m.

Effectiveness of a Nanohydroxyapatite-Based Hydrogel on Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Post-Extraction Sockets of Dogs with Naturally Occurring Periodontitis

Pathological mandibular fracture after dental extraction usually occurs in dogs with moderate to severe periodontitis. A nanohydroxyapatite-based hydrogel (HAP hydrogel) was developed to diminish the limitations of hydroxyapatite for post-extraction socket preservation (PSP). However, the effect of the HAP hydrogel in dogs has still not been widely investigated. Moreover, there are few studies on PSP in dogs suffering from clinical periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HAP hydrogel for PSP in dogs with periodontitis. In five dogs with periodontitis, the first molar (309 and 409) of each hemimandible was extracted. Consequently, all the ten sockets were filled with HAP-hydrogel. Intraoral radiography was performed on the day of operation and 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post operation. The Kruskal–Wallis test and paired t-test were adopted for alveolar bone regeneration analysis. The results demonstrated that the radiographic grading, bone height measurement, and bone regeneration analysis were positively significant at all follow-up times compared to the day of operation. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging after immersion showed a homogeneous distribution of apatite formation on the hydrogel surface. Our investigation suggested that the HAP hydrogel effectively enhances socket regeneration in dogs with periodontitis and can be applied as a bone substitute for PSP in veterinary dentistry.

Determination of the Accuracy of Linear Height Bone for Implant Placement in Panoramic Radiography Relative to CBCT in the Posterior Areas of the Jaws

Purpose: In the levels of implant treatment in the posterior region, determining the height of the bone has particular importance. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of linear bone height measurement for implant placement on panoramic view compared to CBCT in posterior jaw area. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 20 patients. In each of the posterior edentulous areas, a surgical guide for each patient was marked with gutta-percha (a total of 70 points). Panoramic radiographs and CBCTs were obtained from the patients and then the distance between the marked points in the maxilla to the maxillary sinus and in the mandible to the upper border of the alveolar canal was measured by Romaxis software and analyzed by Statistical software Stata 14. The obtained measurements of panoramic view were compared to CBCTs using t-test. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean difference between the sizes obtained from panoramic radiography and CBCT radiography in the maxilla was 0.34 mm (P = 0.57) and the mean difference between the sizes obtained from panoramic radiography and CBCT radiography in the mandible was 0.86 mm (P = 0.004). Conclusion: According to the results of study, it is logical panoramic radiography just used to pre-assessment of implant procedures in posterior area of mandible were as it could be more reliable in maxilla.

Analisis Data Berat Badan Dan Panjang Bayi Dengan Alat Ukur Panjang Dan Berat Badan Bayi Berbasi Arduino

Monitoring the nutritional status of infants at this time is mostly still using the manual method, by looking at anthropomeric standard books so that nutritional monitoring takes longer and is less practical. Babies need nutritional status based on age, weight, length of the baby (baby's height), and sex of the baby. To find out the nutritional condition of the baby, the author wants to develop a measurement tool for weight and length of the baby with the output data in Microsoft Excel. This study aims to design a baby's weight and length measurement tools with data output at Microsoft Excel and perform a function test. The process of detection in infants using ultrasonic sensors that serves to determine the height or length of the baby's body and load cell sensors to determine the baby's weight, then the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) which displays the results of ultrasonic sensors and load cell sensors and Arduino Uno. The results of this study are an infant weight and height measurement tool with an arduino uno-based anthropometric index method with 2 ultrasonic sensors as height and length counters, and 1 load cell sensor as a weight calculator for infants that will later be displayed on the LCD screen.

Studying Dynamic Ocean Topography in Indonesia Sea Based on Satellite Altimetry

Dynamic Ocean Topography is a part of sea surface variabilities derived from Sea Surface Topography as a time-dependent component. The Dynamic Ocean Topography height in this study was determined using the geodetic method of instantaneous sea level height measurement from satellite altimetry technology. In the territory of Indonesia seas, a picture of the long-wavelength phenomenon from the Dynamic Ocean Topography ranges from 0-2.5 meters with three distribution zones of low, medium, and high value. At the same time, the correlation with the positive value of Steric Sea Level Rise was obtained in almost all parts of Indonesia except for the area in the southern part of Java Island around Longitude 1070E and in the Pacific Ocean region, where that is thought to be caused by the existence of several permanent marine high-frequency physical phenomenon but with an indefinite period which usually acts as a dominant time-independent component of the Sea Surface Topography. The results are expected to be used to study the characteristics of the Indonesian seas for scientific and engineering purposes.