scholarly journals Virtual Truffle Hunting—A New Method of Burgundy Truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) Site Typing

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rosa-Gruszecka ◽  
Dorota Hilszczańska ◽  
Giovanni Pacioni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Caco3 Content ◽  
Burgundy Truffle

The aim of this study was to enable searches for truffles (Tuber spp.), particularly the Burgundy truffle (T. aestivum Vittad.), to be carried out in forests based on a method that has been constantly developed since 2007 by the Forest Research Institute. The method is termed “Virtual Truffle Hunting” and it takes 12 parameters into account: bedrock, soil pH, Ca+ and CaCO3 content in soil, C/N ratio, soil structure, altitude of terrain, type of forest site, forest structure, the Burgundy truffle host trees, and the presence of particular species including orchids and insects. A simple “Virtual Truffle Hunting” software has also been developed, which makes the use of the method easy, fast, and effective. This method is to ascertain the truffle potential for all areas in which digital maps are not available. In 2015, the method was tested in 20 sites, representing forests in 5 Polish macroregions. Hunting for hypogeous fungi was conducted from June to October with the help of trained dogs. Thanks to this method, 14 new truffle sites were found. The knowledge of environmental conditions conducive to the Burgundy truffle growth enabled us to form an effective tool in order to identify new sites of truffle presence.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal communities in a Tuber aestivum Vittad. orchard in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Hilszczańska ◽  
Hanna Szmidla ◽  
Jakub Horak ◽  
Aleksandra Rosa-Gruszecka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Truffle Cultivation ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
Burgundy Truffle ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Communities

AbstractCultivation of the Burgundy truffle, Tuber aestivum Vittad., has become a new agricultural alternative in Poland. For rural economies, the concept of landscaping is often considerably more beneficial than conventional agriculture and promotes reforestation, as well as land-use stability. Considering examples from France, Italy, Hungary and Spain, truffle cultivation stimulates economic and social development of small, rural communities. Because there is no long tradition of truffle orchards in Poland, knowledge regarding the environmental factors regulating the formation of fruiting bodies of T. aestivum is limited. Thus, knowledge concerning ectomycorrhizal communities of T. aestivum host species is crucial to ensuring successful Burgundy truffle production. We investigated the persistence of T. aestivum ectomycorrhizae on roots of hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) and checked the host-species influence on community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The study was conducted in an experimental plantation located in eastern Poland and established in 2008. We demonstrated that the number of fungal taxa was not significantly different between oak and hazel. However, the species composition differed between these two host trees. During the three-year study, we observed that species richness did not increase with the age of the plantation.

Organic soil amendments as a tool to increase biological activity and C sequestration in clay soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Heinonsalo ◽  
Anna-Reetta Salonen ◽  
Rashmi Shrestha ◽  
Subin Kalu ◽  
Outi-Maaria Sietiö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Organic Soil Amendments ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soil C Sequestration

<p>Soil C sequestration through improved agricultural management practices has been suggested to be a cost-efficient tool to mitigate climate change as increased soil C storage removes CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere. In addition, improved soil organic carbon (SOC) content has positive impacts on farming though better soil structure and resilience against climate extremes through e.g. better water holding capacity. In some parts of the world, low SOC content is highly critical problem for overall cultivability of soils because under certain threshold levels of SOC, soil loses its ability to maintain essential ecosystem services for plant production. Soil organic amendments may increase soil C stocks, improve soil structure and boost soil microbial activities with potential benefits in plant growth and soil C sequestration. Additional organic substrates may stimulate microbial diversity that has been connected to higher SOC content and healthy soils.</p><p>We performed a two-year field experiment where the aim was to investigate whether different organic soil amendments have an impact on soil microbial parameters, soil structure and C sequestration.</p><p>The experiment was performed in Parainen in southern Finland on a clay field where oat (Avena sativa) was the cultivated crop. Four different organic soil amendments were used (two wood-based fiber products that were leftover side streams of pulp and paper industry; and two different wood-based biochars). Soil amendments were applied in 2016. Soil C/N analysis was performed in the autumns 2016-2018 and soil aggregate in the summer and autumn 2018, as well as measures to estimate soil microbial activity: microbial biomass, soil respiration, enzymatic assays, microbial community analysis with Biolog ®  EcoPlates and litter bag decomposition experiment. The relative share of bacteria and fungi was determined using qPCR from soil samples taken in the autumns 2016, 2017 and 2018.</p><p>Data on how the studied organic soil amendments influence soil structure and C content, as well as soil microbial parameters will be presented and discussed.</p>

Soil Colloids and Soil Organic Matter Associativity - the Basis of Soil Structure

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 534-535
Author(s):  
G. Vrdoljak ◽  
G. Sposito
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Highly Weathered Soils

In the hierarchical model of soil structure, the lowest scale of structure is the combination of clays < 0.2 um diameter to form 2 um domains. to investigate the basis for soil structure, two highly weathered soils from Brazil (Oxisols) were selected and the < 2 um size fraction extracted by sedimentation for analysis. The first soil used in this study, classified as Xanthic Hapludox, was collected in 1991 at an EMBRAPA research station outside of Manaus, Brazil from a tropical forest site collected from the 0-8 cm depth. The second soil (0-20 cm depth) was sampled from a topographically flat area inside the Brasilia National Park, Brasilia D.F. Brazil by Dr. Flavio Vasconcelos.The samples were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. NMR spectroscopy revealed the organic materials within this size fraction consisted predominantly of polysaccharides.

MINERALIZATION AND REDISTRIBUTION OF CARBON FROM SURFICIAL AND BURIED CORN STALKS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. MOTT ◽  
J. R. DAVENPORT ◽  
R. L. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Structural Stabilization ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Carbon Redistribution ◽  
Loam Soil

Although corn (Zea mays L.) stalks contribute to the total quantity of organic material in soil, their direct influence on soil structural stabilization may be small. In a laboratory study 14C-labelled corn stalks were placed on the surface of, or buried at, a 5-cm depth in a sandy loam soil. The soils were incubated at 25 °C for 119 d to determine the extent of organic carbon redistribution. Approximately 70% of the buried stalk carbon and 90% of the surface stalk carbon remained in the soil after incubation. Most of the residual carbon was identifiable as stalk tissue. Less than 5% of the added carbon was intermixed with the soil. Both the lack of C redistribution in the soil and the high loss of the mineralized 14C as CO2 stress the importance of the initial distribution of added organic materials in soils. The results imply that corn stover is a poor source of soil C and that it would be best used as a surface protectant against raindrop impact. Key words: Carbon mineralization, carbon redistribution, corn stalks, soil structure

scholarly journals Soil temperature and hydric potential influences the monthly variations of soil Tuber aestivum DNA in a highly productive orchard

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Todesco ◽  
Simone Belmondo ◽  
Yoann Guignet ◽  
Liam Laurent ◽  
Sandrine Fizzala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Burgundy Truffle ◽  
Monthly Variations ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract Tuber aestivum, also known as the summer or Burgundy truffle, is an ectomycorrhizal Ascomycete associated with numerous trees and shrubs. Its life cycle occurs in the soil, and thus soil parameters such as temperature and water availability could influence it. T. aestivum cultivation has started in several countries, but ecological and agronomic requirements for the establishment and management of orchards are largely unknown. The aims of this work were: 1) to design a specific qPCR protocol using genomic data to trace and quantify T. aestivum DNA in the soil; and 2) to assess the monthly soil DNA dynamic according to soil parameters (i.e. soil hydric potential and temperature) in this orchard. The study was conducted in a highly productive T. aestivum orchard (hazels, oaks, pines, lime and hornbeam). The production started five years after the plantation and then increased exponentially to reach a maximum of 320 kg/ha in 2017. The soil hydric potential and temperature partially explained the monthly T. aestivum soil DNA variability. The data presented here offer new insights into T. aestivum ecology and cultivation.

Ribosomal DNA polymorphisms reveal genetic structure and a phylogeographic pattern in the Burgundy truffle Tuber aestivum Vittad.

Mycologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Riccioni ◽  
Andrea Rubini ◽  
Aziz Türkoğlu ◽  
Beatrice Belfiori ◽  
Francesco Paolocci
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Phylogeographic Pattern ◽  
Burgundy Truffle

scholarly journals Does elevated atmospheric CO2affect soil carbon burial and soil weathering in a forest ecosystem?

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel A. Gonzalez-Meler ◽  
Armen Poghosyan ◽  
Yaniria Sanchez-de Leon ◽  
Eduardo Dias de Olivera ◽  
Richard J. Norby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Weathering ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Advection Term

Most experimental studies measuring the effects of climate change on terrestrial C cycling have focused on processes that occur at relatively short time scales (up to a few years). However, climate-soil C interactions are influenced over much longer time scales by bioturbation and soil weathering affecting soil fertility, ecosystem productivity, and C storage. Elevated CO2can increase belowground C inputs and stimulate soil biota, potentially affecting bioturbation, and can decrease soil pH which could accelerate soil weathering rates. To determine whether we could resolve any changes in bioturbation or C storage, we investigated soil profiles collected from ambient and elevated-CO2plots at the Free-Air Carbon-Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) forest site at Oak Ridge National Laboratory after 11 years of13C-depleted CO2release. Profiles of organic carbon concentration,δ13C values, and activities of137Cs,210Pb, and226Ra were measured to ∼30 cm depth in replicated soil cores to evaluate the effects of elevated CO2on these parameters. Bioturbation models based on fitting advection-diffusion equations to137Cs and210Pb profiles showed that ambient and elevated-CO2plots had indistinguishable ranges of apparent biodiffusion constants, advection rates, and soil mixing times, although apparent biodiffusion constants and advection rates were larger for137Cs than for210Pb as is generally observed in soils. Temporal changes in profiles ofδ13C values of soil organic carbon (SOC) suggest that addition of new SOC at depth was occurring at a faster rate than that implied by the net advection term of the bioturbation model. Ratios of (210Pb/226Ra) may indicate apparent soil mixing cells that are consistent with biological mechanisms, possibly earthworms and root proliferation, driving C addition and the mixing of soil between ∼4 cm and ∼18 cm depth. Burial of SOC by soil mixing processes could substantially increase the net long-term storage of soil C and should be incorporated in soil-atmosphere interaction models.

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