scholarly journals The Effect of Sucrose Supplementation on the Micropropagation of Salix viminalis L. Shoots in Semisolid Medium and Temporary Immersion Bioreactors

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Diego Gago ◽  
Saladina Vilavert ◽  
María Ángeles Bernal ◽  
Conchi Sánchez ◽  
Anxela Aldrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Temporary Immersion

The effect of sucrose concentration on the micropropagation of axillary shoots of willow was investigated. The following factors were examined: the culture system (semisolid medium in glass jars versus liquid medium in temporary immersion bioreactors), the type of explant (apical and basal sections), the frequency of immersion, and CO2 enrichment. Shoots and leaf growth were significantly higher in RITA® bioreactors than in the jars for all the sucrose treatments. Apical or basal sections of willow cultured in bioreactors under high light intensity (150 µmol m−2 s−1) and ventilated six times a day with CO2-enriched air were successfully proliferated without sucrose, whereas shoots cultured in jars did not proliferate well if sucrose concentration was 0.5% or lower. More roots were formed when sucrose was added to the medium. Shoots cultured in bioreactors were successfully acclimatized irrespective of the sucrose treatment and the root biomass when transferred to ex vitro conditions. This is the first report of photoautotrophic willow micropropagation, our results confirm the importance of proper gaseous exchange to attain autotrophy during in vitro propagation.

Morphogenesis of the compound leaf in three genotypes of the pea, Pisum sativum

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1268-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Gould ◽  
Elizabeth G. Cutter ◽  
J. P. W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Algebraic Model ◽  
Leaf Primordium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Compound Leaf ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Leaflet Anatomy

Leaf anatomy, ontogeny, and morphology were described and compared in a pea line (Pisum sativum L.) with conventional leaves and in isogenic lines carrying the mutations af (afila) or tl (tendril-less or acacia). The anatomy of stem, petiole, and rachis is not modified by these mutations. The tendrils, which in af replace leaflets, have normal tendril anatomy, and the terminal leaflets of the tl form have normal leaflet anatomy. The shoot apical dome has the same size and shape in the three genotypes, as does the leaf primordium up to the stage of initiation of the first laterals. The mature morphology of leaves varies with node of insertion. Some leaves, especially at nodes 3 and 4, have structures that are not typical of their genotype. An in vitro culture system is described for axillary shoots. Such shoots recapitulate most of the foliar features of seedling plants, but leaf morphology is on average more complex, and aberrant structures are more frequent. All these observations are discussed in relation to Young's algebraic model for compound leaf development.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Lacy Tree Philodendron (Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl.)

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Asma Alhussein Alawaadh ◽  
Yaser Hassan Dewir ◽  
Mona S. Alwihibi ◽  
Abdulhakim A. Aldubai ◽  
Salah El-Hendawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Bioreactor Culture ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Half Strength

The present study aimed to optimize the micropropagation of lacy tree philodendron using shoot tip explants. Axillary shoot regeneration was investigated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators, varied levels of MS medium salt strength, sucrose concentration, and light intensity and culture type. Adding 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 1 mg·L−1) significantly increased shoot multiplication compared with other cytokinins, and the combination of cytokinins and auxins [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)], yielded more shoots than cytokinins alone, with the greatest number of axillary shoots (11.4 per explant) obtained using both BAP (1 mg·L−1) and IBA (0.5 mg·L−1). In addition, the use of half-strength salt concentrations significantly reduced shoot multiplication, and high sucrose concentrations (>30 g·L−1) reduced explant growth. High light intensity also reduced shoot multiplication and growth, owing to photoinhibition, and shoot multiplication was more efficient in gelled culture, whereas shoot growth was greater in liquid/bioreactor culture. The best rooting success (100%) and greatest root number and fresh weight were obtained using MS medium supplemented with NAA (1–2 mg·L−1). The resulting plantlets were successfully acclimatized, with a survival rate of 100%, and were morphologically similar to the mother plant.

scholarly journals Can protoplast production from in vitro cultured shoots of Tanacetum vary during the season?

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KESKITALO
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Tanacetum Cinerariifolium ◽  
Protoplast Production

Two different experiments were carried out to study the production of protoplasts and the variation of protoplast yield from in vitro cultured shoot tips of tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Schiltz-Bip). In the first experiment, light had more pronouced effect for tansy than for pyrethrum. When the donor tissues of tansy were cultured under high light intensity the leaves contained anthocyanin and became brown during enzyme maceration. In contrast, donor tissues cultured under low light intensity produced leaves without anthocyanin. Depending on the light intensity of donor tissues, on average 5.8 - 6.8 x 106 and 3.4 - 4.3 x 106 protoplasts were isolated from one gram of mesophyll leaves of tansy and pyrethrum, respectively. In the second experiment, the production of protoplasts from tansy and pyrethrum varied seasonally. The most successful season for the production of protoplasts from in vitro cultured shoot tips was between December and April, when also the highest number of protoplasts could be isolated. It was not possible to state whether Tanacetum species have rhythms, which could cause physiological or chemical changes for the in vitro grown shoot tips. However, some external or internal, possible seasonal-dependent stimuli may have caused variation in the number of protoplasts isolated from tansy and pyrethrum and favoured protoplast production during winter and spring.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) in Liquid Media by Temporary Immersion Bioreactor in Comparison with Gelled Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Doina CLAPA ◽  
Monica HÂRȚA ◽  
Cornel Viorel POP
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB) is a suitable technique for large scale micropropagation of plant species. The aim of this work was to test the capacity of in vitro proliferation of the primocane-fruiting red raspberry cv Maravilla and floricane-fruiting red raspberry cv Willamette on gelled media compared to liquid media. The two varieties were cultured in vitro on two media, Murashige and Skoog 1962 (MS) and Driver and Kuniyuki walnut medium, 1984 (DKW), both supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA). In the control cultures on gelled media the media were gelled with 5g/l Plant Agar, whereas for the cultures in liquid media Plantform bioreactors were used. After six weeks of in vitro culture we recorded the proliferation rates and lengths of the axillary shoots obtained in all the experimental treatments. The highest proliferation rate was 16 ± 2.03, obtained in cv. Willamette on gelled MS medium with 0.5 mg/l BA. The longest shoots (3.17 ± 0.32 cm) were obtained at cv. Maravilla on the DKW medium with 0.5 mg / l BA in the bioreactor. Our research highlighted that Rubus idaeus L. Maravilla and Willamette can be TIB propagated, although further research is needed to improve the efficiency of this method.

scholarly journals Canopy Position Affects Pigment Expression and Accumulation of Flavedo Carbohydrates of ‘Nules Clementine’ Mandarin Fruit, Thereby Affecting Rind Condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J.R. Cronje ◽  
Graham H. Barry ◽  
Marius Huysamer
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Canopy Position

Because photosynthesis provides the required carbohydrates for fruit development and respiration releases the stored energy from these carbon compounds, interalia during postharvest storage, it is therefore important that fruit tissues have an adequate carbohydrate concentration at the start of the postharvest period to ensure optimal storage life. In addition to photosynthate supply from leaves, the chlorophyll-containing flavedo of citrus (Citrus sp.) fruit (outer, colored part of the rind) has the ability to fix CO2 through its own photosynthetic system. In this experiment, spanning three seasons, the three main sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) were quantified in the flavedo of ‘Nules Clementine’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit during Stages II and III of fruit development. Flavedo was sampled from fruit borne on the inside (low light intensity) or outside (high light intensity) of the tree’s canopy. In one season, the photosynthetic and respiration rates of fruit borne in the two canopy positions were measured pre- and post-color break (March and April, respectively). Sucrose concentration increased constantly from initial sampling in February until harvest (May), whereas glucose and fructose concentrations increased significantly only during the last month of fruit development. The flavedo of inside fruit, developing under low-light conditions, was less well colored (higher hue angle) and had a lower sugar concentration compared with outside fruit developing under conditions of high light levels. This response could be attributed to the higher pigment concentration leading to a higher photosynthetic rate as well as greater sink strength of the outside fruit. The inside fruit had an increased susceptibility to the progressive postharvest physiological disorder, rind breakdown. The lower carbohydrate and pigment concentrations of the rind from fruit borne inside the canopy compared with those from the outside of the canopy could be indicative of a weaker rind condition at the time of harvest.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Agave guiengola Gentry Using Semisolid Medium and Temporary Immersion Bioreactors

Phyton ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1013
Author(s):  
Luc韆 Isabel Ch醰ez-Ortiz ◽  
Jos�Francisco Morales-Dom韓guez ◽  
Araceli Rodr韌uez-Sahag鷑 ◽  
Eugenio P閞ez-Molphe-Balch
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Temporary Immersion

scholarly journals Evaluation of ElecTIS bioreactor for the micropropagation of Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., an important autochthonous species of Albania

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Valbona Sota ◽  
Carla Benelli ◽  
Brunilda Ҫuko ◽  
Elektra Papakosta ◽  
Claudio Depaoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Temporary Immersion System ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Autochthonous Species

Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., an economically-important fruit tree, is native to Albania and in many parts of Europe. It is cultivated as an ornamental tree, while its fruits are collected for food and a source of antioxidant substances. It is included in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. For these reasons, it is very important to optimise a micropropagation protocol, in order to obtain great numbers of clonal plantlets for ex situ conservation and production purposes. A liquid culture in a temporary immersion system (TIS) is a recently-proposed system for large-scale in vitro plant propagation. In this study, lateral buds of M. sylvestris were inoculated in MS medium with BAP (1 mg/L) and NAA (0.1 mg/L). In order to avoid oxidative stress, different antioxidants were previously tested with the culture in a gelled medium, and the combination of ascorbic acid and citric acid (both at 100 mg/L) was selected for the following culture in TIS. Stabilised explants were then cultivated in ElecTIS, an innovative TIS bioreactor, and in a semisolid medium, after which the two culture systems were evaluated. Overall, the ElecTIS showed to be more effective for all the tested parameters.

scholarly journals Establishing Tissue-cultured Sweetgum Plants in Soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Brent Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Flow Through

Methods to enhance sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) in vitro axillary shoot formation and shoot establishment into soil are presented. Sweetgum shoots grown in an automated plant culture system (APCS) produced 400 to 500 shoots via axillary branching compared to only 40 shoots produced within Magenta vessels containing agar medium after 8 weeks of incubation. Vitrification was observed in as many as 80% of the axillary shoots produced in the APCS. A continuous carbon dioxide (CO2)-flow-through system was tested on both vitrified and non-vitrified sweetgum shoots transferred from the APCS to soil. One- and two-cm-long vitrified shoots were grown within CO2-flow-through system chambers and subjected to 350, 1500, 3000, 10,000, or 30,000 μL·L–1 (ppm) CO2 for 4 weeks. Administering 10,000 μL·L–1 CO2 improved culture survival and enhanced overall shoot and root growth compared to shoots grown under ambient atmosphere (i.e., 350 μL·L–1 CO2).

scholarly journals Sucrose concentration and volume of liquid medium on the in vitro growth and development of blackberry cv. Tupy in temporary immersion systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Antônio Ayub ◽  
Jessé Neves dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanlorensi Junior ◽  
Daurimar Mendes da Silva ◽  
Tereza Cristina de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
Temporary Immersion Systems

ABSTRACT Micropropagation of small fruits such as blackberry has been employed due to the need to obtain plants with high phytosanitary quality. Bioreactor technology has been used to improve efficiency in seedling production. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the best culture medium volume and sucrose concentration for blackberry micropropagation in a temporary immersion bioreactor. In vitro blackberry shoots were segmented containing two buds and an internode (1.0 cm) and placed into MS medium supplemented with inositol (0.1 g L-1), BAP (1 mg L-1) and sucrose (10, 20, 30 or 40 g L-1) at different medium volumes (150, 175 and 200 mL). The total length, number of leaves, number of shoots, and number of hyperhydric shoots were evaluated 56 days after start of the project. For blackberry development and propagation in a bioreactor system, the best results were shown at a medium volume of 175 ml and a sucrose concentration of 20 g L-1.

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