scholarly journals Preventive Effects of Different Fermentation Times of Shuidouchi on Diphenoxylate-Induced Constipation in Mice

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianhong Chen ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Huayi Suo ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Hongwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Oxide Synthase

This study compares the prevention effects of Shuidouchi with different fermentation times on constipation in mice. Shuidouchi is a short-time fermented soybean product. By improving its processing technology, it can incur better biological activity and become a health food. The Shuidouchi-treated mice were evaluated using constipation-related kits, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot assays. After the mice were fed 72-h-fermented Shuidouchi (72-SDC) for 9 d, the defecation time to excrete the first black stool was lower than that of the control and 24-SDC and 48-SDC groups, but was much higher than that of the normal group. The gastrointestinal (GI) transit of the small intestine of the 72-SDC group was higher than that of the control and the 24-SDC and 48-SDC groups, but lower that of the normal group. Meanwhile, 72-SDC could significantly increase the levels of ghrelin, endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the serum of constipated mice compared to the levels in mice in the control group. Moreover, 72-SDC could raise c-Kit, stem cell factor (SCF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GNDF), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels, and reduce transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels in small-intestinal tissue compared to the levels in the control group. Meanwhile, 72-SDC also raised ghrelin mRNA expression in gastric tissue and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) mRNA expression in colon tissue compared to the control group mice; these effects were stronger than those of 24-SDC and 48-SDC. Shuidouchi has good preventative effects on constipation and performs best when fermented for at least 72 h.

scholarly journals Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum CQPC10 on Activated Carbon Induced Constipation in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xianrong Zhou ◽  
Benshou Chen ◽  
Xingyao Long ◽  
Jianfei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Chinese Paocai is a traditional fermented food containing an abundance of beneficial microorganisms. In this study, the microorganisms in Szechwan Paocai were isolated and identified, and a strain of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC10, LP-CQPC10) was found to exert an inhibitory effect on constipation. Microorganisms were isolated and identified via 16S rDNA. Activated carbon was used to induce constipation in a mouse model and the inhibitory effect of LP-CQPC10 on this induced constipation was investigated via both pathological sections and qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was identified and named LP-CQPC10. The obtained results showed that, as compared to the control group, LP-CQPC10 significantly inhibited the amount, weight, and water content of faeces. The defecation time of the first tarry stool was significantly shorter in LP-CQPC10 groups than in the control group. The activated carbon progradation rate was significantly higher when compared to the control group and the effectiveness was improved. LP-CQPC10 increased the serum levels of MTL (motilin), Gas (gastrin), ET (endothelin), AchE (acetylcholinesterase), SP (substance P), and VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), while decreasing the SS (somatostatin) level. Furthermore, it improved the GSH (glutathione) level and decreased the MPO (myeloperoxidase), MDA (malondialdehyde), and NO (nitric oxide) levels. The results of qPCR indicated that LP-CQPC10 significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of c-Kit, SCF (stem cell factor), GDNF (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor), eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase), and AQP3 (aquaporin-3), while down-regulating the expression levels of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and AQP9 (aquaporin-9). LP-CQPC10 showed a good inhibitory effect on experimentally induced constipation, and the obtained effectiveness is superior to that of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, indicating the better probiotic potential of this strain.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive Effects of Emodin on CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2094200
Author(s):  
Wan Ni ◽  
Nianyun Wang ◽  
Shenglan Tian ◽  
Qingbang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Transient Receptor

The effect of emodin on complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain in rats and its potential molecular mechanism was investigated. For this, a rat model of inflammatory pain induced by CFA was established and rats were treated with emodin by intraperitoneal injection. The pain threshold was evaluated by the von Frey, thermo hyperalgesia, and cold plate tests. The mRNA expression of transient receptor potential channel ankyrin type-1 ( Trpa1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ( Trpv1) was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the level of inflammatory cytokines was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of CFA-treated rats were significantly lower than those of the control rats, while the paw withdrawal responses in response to cold stimulation were higher than that of the control group. Emodin treatment significantly improved CFA-induced hyperalgesia. Further results showed that emodin inhibits the upregulation of Trpa1 and Trpv1 mRNA expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats with inflammatory pain compared with the control group. Emodin also significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the serum of rats with inflammatory pain. Thus, emodin may inhibit hyperalgesia induced by inflammatory stimulation by downregulating the mRNA expression of Trpa1 and Trpv1 in DRG neurons and reducing the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

Distribution of CD14+ macrophages, CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the endometrium of repeat breeding cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Barański ◽  
J. Kaleczyc ◽  
S. Zduńczyk ◽  
W. Podlasz ◽  
E. Długołęcka-Malinowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Abstract The expression of CD14+ macrophages, CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes and mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was investigated in the endometrium of repeat breeders with subclinical endometritis [experimental group (EXP), n = 10] and healthy [control group (CTRL), n = 10] cows. The cows were selected on the basis of repeat breeding (3 unsuccessful inseminations), clinical and cytological examinations (> 10% polymorphonuclear neutrophils in uterine smears obtained by cytobrush). From all the cows endometrial biopsies were collected and the presence of CD14+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the endometrium was evaluated immunohistochemically using semi quantitative counting method. The mRNA expression of iNOS was determined using reverse transcription-PCR. In general, there were no significant differences between EXP and CTRL groups in the expression of CD4+ and CD8 + lymphocytes in all endometrial structures. In contrast, we observed a higher number of CD14+ macrophages in repeat breeding group compared to the control cows, however, this difference was slightly pronounced. CD14+ cells were detectable only in the stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum. The statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) higher expression of iNOS mRNA was measured in the cows with subclinical endometritis compared to the healthy animals. Our results suggest that the increased expression of CD14+ macrophages and iNOS mRNA may be associated with embryonal mortality in repeat breeding cows with subclinical endometritis.

scholarly journals P0421STUDY OF DIFFERENT EXPRESSION PROFILES OF “TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL ION CHANNEL (TRPC) GENE FAMILY” IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RENAL BIOPSY WITH CLINICAL SUSPECTED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Sezis ◽  
Yasemin Erac ◽  
Hale Güler ◽  
Gökhan Atay ◽  
Demirci Cenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Transient Receptor

Abstract Background and Aims The transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPC) are non-selective Ca+ 2 permeable cation channels and are widely expressed in the tissues of vertebrates. They become active in response to signal transduction pathways associated with phospholipase C stimulation. TRPC6 is expressed in podocytes and is a component of the slit diaphragm. In genetic and acquired glomerular kidney diseases, TRPC6 overactivation causes podocyte damage by pathological Ca+ 2 entry. TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC4, and TRPC5 interact with a protein called stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM 1), which is susceptible to intracellular calcium storage content. As a result of binding with this protein, TRPC channels bind to calcium-releasing zone in endosomes. The aim of the study was to investigate different expression profiles of TRPC family members in renal biopsy specimens in patients with clinically considered glomerulonephritis. Method This study was conducted with 108 patients admitted to Ege University Faculty of Medicine Nephrology Clinic who underwent a kidney biopsy with a preliminary diagnosis of glomerulonephritis and 37 patients who underwent a nephrectomy in urology clinic with a diagnosis of primary kidney tumour as a control case. PKD2, NPHS2, TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC6, STIM-1 and Orai-1 mRNA levels were studied in the biopsy samples. Results When we compared the patient and the control group, the gender distribution of both groups was similar. The frequency of diabetes and hypertension was similar. The control group was statistically significantly older and glomerular filtration rates were higher than the patient group. In pathological examination, glomerulonephritis (57.5%) was diagnosed in the majority of patients. The most common etiologic factors were membranous nephropathy 23.1%, IgA nephropathy 13%, Amyloidosis 11.2%, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 7.1%, proliferative glomerulonephritis 4.6%, minimal change disease 2.8% and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was 1.9%. 7.4% of the patients were diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy by renal biopsy. When we compared the TRPC expression profiles of the patient and the control group, the TRPC1, TRPC6, PKD2, NPHS2, STIM-1 and ORAi-1 mRNA levels of the patient group were statistically significantly higher than those of the control group (Figure). In contrast, TRPC3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group. When we performed subgroup analysis, the TRPC1, TRPC6 and STIM1 levels of the diabetic group were statistically significantly higher compared to the non-diabetic group of patients. We could not find any difference between TRPC expression profiles between the patients according to pathological diagnosis. Similarly, there was no difference between the amount of proteinuria (nephrotic level versus nephritic level). In correlation analysis, there was a negative correlation with TRPC6 and STIM1 levels with positive C4d staining of glomeruli in renal biopsy. Positive correlation was found between ORAI and glomerular sclerosis rate. Conclusion As a result, we found that other than TRPC3 mRNA level, other TRPC and related protein channels mRNA levels were statistically significantly increased in proteinuric kidney patients compared to healthy kidney tissue. We did not find a positive relationship between proteinuria severity and TRPC expression profiles. We found that TRPC6 and STIM1 expression levels were increased in diabetic patients, which supports the knowledge that intracellular calcium pathways were activated in podocyte damage. In our study, there were significantly increased STIM1 and ORAi-1 expression levels in proteinuric patients compared to the control group and their increase was closely related to TRPC6. From this we can conclude that these proteins play an important role in proteinuric kidney damage.

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