scholarly journals Documented Skeletal Collections and Their Importance in Forensic Anthropology in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
Vanessa Campanacho ◽  
Francisca Alves Cardoso ◽  
Douglas H. Ubelaker
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The Us ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
And Training ◽  
Family Consent ◽  
Skeletal Collections

Documented skeletal collections are the backbone of forensic anthropology due to their associated biohistories. This paper describes the identified skeletal collections and their relevance in forensic anthropological research, education and training in the US. The establishment of documented skeletal collections in the US can be distinguished into two modus operandi, depending on the stance towards the dead, legislation, and medical and forensic practices. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, anatomists amassed skeletons from cadaver dissections, shaped by European influences. Those skeletons compose the anatomical collections—such as the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection—predominantly representing impoverished and unclaimed individuals. Ethical concerns for the curation and research of African American skeletons without family consent are growing in the US. In contrast, since the 1980s, modern documented skeletal collections originated from body donations to human taphonomy facilities, such as the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. The establishment and testing of osteological methods essential to establish one’s identity—such as age at death and sex—have been developed with skeletons from documented collections. Therefore, the analysis of identified skeletons has been crucial for the development of forensic anthropology in the US.

Precarious Work and Young Workers in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne L. Kalleberg
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Us ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
And Training

This chapter discusses how the growth of precarious work and the polarization of the US labor market have produced major problems for the employment experiences of young workers. A prominent indicator of young workers’ difficulties in the labor market has been the sharp increase in their unemployment rates since the Great Recession. Another, equally if not more severe, problem faced by young workers today is the relatively low quality of the jobs that they were able to get. Other problems include the exclusion of young workers from the labor market and from education and training opportunities; the inability to find jobs that utilize their education, training, and skills; and the inability to obtain jobs that provide them with an opportunity to get a foothold in a career that would lead to progressively better jobs and thus be able to construct career narratives.

The foundations of interdisciplinary fellowship training in adolescent medicine in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrill Bravender
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fellowship Training ◽  
Board Certification ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Program Accreditation ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Training

Abstract The field of adolescent medicine, having developed from the specialty of Pediatrics, encompasses a holistic and developmental approach from its very origin. While its foundations were in medicine, early leaders in the field emphasized the importance of mental health care as well as nutrition, public health, and social justice. As the specialty became further established in the US with the creation of an academic society, board certification and training program accreditation, the interdisciplinary nature of adolescent medicine practice and training became formalized. This formal recognition brought with it strict guidelines with regards training and board certification. Despite the often Byzantinian training requirements, an interdisciplinary approach forms the core of adolescent medicine practice, and the incorporation of interdisciplinary training is a necessity for graduate medical education programs in the field of adolescent medicine.

scholarly journals Becoming Global Lawyers: A Comparative Study of Civic Professionalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
John Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Professional Identity Formation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Corporate Lawyers ◽  
Civic Professionalism ◽  
And Training

Through their professional education and training, new lawyers are generally encouraged to adopt a civic vision of professional identity. This article explores convergences and divergences in how new lawyers entering an increasingly globalized legal profession conceive of their civic roles in different national contexts. In particular, I draw on interviews and a cross-cultural identity-mapping method to examine the lived experiences of civic professionalism among corporate-lawyers-in-training in the United States and China. I found that professional identity formation in the US sample is largely marked by role distancing and a sense of constrained public-interest expression. In contrast, Chinese respondents generally identified strongly with their civic roles, while framing their public contributions in pragmatic, state-aligned terms. I conclude with a comparative analysis of young lawyers’ bottom-up efforts to expand their civic impact.

Core Competencies in Forensic Anthropology: A Framework for Education, Training, and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Natalie Langley ◽  
MariaTeresa Tersigni-Tarrant
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
And Training

Forensic practice, research, and expert testimony has been scrutinized increasingly by the medicolegal system over the last several decades, requiring attention to rigor and triggering reform in the forensic sciences. One hindrance to the forensic science enterprise noted in the National Academy of Sciences report Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward is fragmentation in education and training among the forensic sciences. It is crucial that practitioners receive appropriate training in their field of expertise and that education programs demonstrate the effectiveness of curricula in producing competent practitioners. This article examines a model for delineating core competencies in forensic anthropology and translating these competencies into measurable activities that characterize the knowledge, skills, and behaviors required of forensic anthropologists. We propose the model used in medical education: core competencies and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). We suggest EPAs that encapsulate the core competencies and allow practitioners to demonstrate that they can be trusted to perform units of professional practice unsupervised. This model emphasizes the abilities to be acquired by trainees, providing education and training programs with a set of guidelines for designing curricula and assessing learners. It also informs certification testing and credentialing in forensic anthropology. In the era of greater accountability, a competency-based model ensures that all board-certified practitioners are competent in all essential domains. The dynamic model also communicates to the medicolegal community and stakeholders the units of work produced by forensic anthropologists and our role in forensic investigations and casework.

Laudable or liable: volunteer police on the front line in US modern policing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Dobrin ◽  
Ross Wolf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Training

Given the tremendous variation between the over 18,000 police agencies in the United States (US), volunteer policing in the US can be neither easily described nor easily defined. Police agencies throughout the US use volunteers in different roles, with divergent amounts of responsibility and training. This article will review the literature on volunteer policing in the US and examine the variations of authority and responsibility of sworn (warranted) and non-sworn volunteer police. Potential liabilities of using volunteers in roles for which they have not been trained will also be discussed, as well as the benefits for the agency and the volunteer that may be realised when volunteers can be placed in roles that successfully meet the needs of the community. Finally, the article will look at the future of volunteer policing in the US, with particular attention paid to the current efforts nationwide to develop a consistent model and encourage the use of standardised ‘levels’ of training and authority.

Homoeopathy and the US primary care physician

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (03) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Berman ◽  
Susan M. Hartnoll ◽  
Betsy B. Singh ◽  
B. Krishna Singh
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Referral Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
And Training

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess US primary care physicians' levels of knowledge of and attitudes towards homoeopathy, as well as their practice and referral patterns, and desire for training in this field. Previous studies indicate low practice and referral rates, but high interest in training has been suggested by an earlier regional study. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to a hierarchical, stratified, random sample of physicians drawn from the American Medical Association membership of primary care specialists. Results of this study show a high degree of interest in training (49%) in homoeopathy despite current low practice (5.9%) and referral rates (13.8%). In addition, a total of one third of the physicians said they either would use or have used homoeopathy in their own practices. A shortfall exists between the knowledge and desire for knowledge about homoeopathy among primary care physicians and the availability or amount of information and training accessible in the United States.

scholarly journals Experience, Seniority and Gut Feeling—A Qualitative Examination of How Swedish Police Officers Perceive They Value, Evaluate and Manage Knowledge When Making Decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Eliasson
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Police Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Training ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis ◽  
And Training

There is a debate in current scholarship regarding whether or not education and training is an effective tool to change police officers’ conduct. Compared to the United States, Sweden has longer training for officers who experience 2 years of academic training and 6 months of practical training. The Swedish police training is also, contrary to the American training, standardized. This paper aims to investigate how Swedish officers value, evaluate and manage knowledge when making decisions. To examine this further 27 qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 male and 13 female Swedish police officers during 2018. The interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis in both English and Swedish to uncover themes and codes. Findings suggest that police officers utilize experience, seniority, and gut feeling when valuing, evaluating and managing knowledge. Furthermore, the results imply that certain types of knowledge are valued differently by officers. These findings can inform how and if education can be used as a tool to potentially change how officers in the US and other countries make their decisions.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (23) ◽  
pp. 1274-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunhao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Research Education ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

The article is about complementary and alternative medicine in United States. It touches on the brief history of alternative medicine in US and the clinical use, research, education and the legislature and license of alternative medicine in the US.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

The Politics of Prophecy: The US Culture Wars and the Battle Over Public Education in the Left Behind Series for Kids

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ann Abate Michelle
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Church History ◽  
Good News ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
School Prayer ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
The Us

This essay argues that in spite of their obvious Biblically-based subject matter, clear Christian content, and undeniable evangelical perspective, the Left Behind novels for kids are not simply religious books; they are also political ones. Co-authors Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins may claim that their narratives are interested in sharing the good news about Jesus for the sake of the future, but they are equally concerned with offering commentary on contentious US cultural issues in the present. Given the books’ adolescent readership, they are especially preoccupied with the ongoing conservative crusade concerning school prayer. As advocates for this issue, LaHaye and Jenkins make use of a potent blend of current socio-political arguments and of past events in evangelical church history: namely, the American Sunday School Movement (ASSM). These free, open-access Sabbath schools became the model for the public education system in the United States. In drawing on this history, the Left Behind series suggests that the ASSM provides an important precedent for the presence not simply of Christianity in the nation's public school system, but of evangelical faith in particular.

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