scholarly journals Automated Nuclear Cartography Reveals Conserved Sperm Chromosome Territory Localization across 2 Million Years of Mouse Evolution

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Matthew Skinner ◽  
Joanne Bacon ◽  
Claudia Cattoni Rathje ◽  
Erica Lee Larson ◽  
Emily Emiko Konishi Kopania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Chromosome Territory ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
Automated Mapping ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus

Measurements of nuclear organization in asymmetric nuclei in 2D images have traditionally been manual. This is exemplified by attempts to measure chromosome position in sperm samples, typically by dividing the nucleus into zones, and manually scoring which zone a fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) signal lies in. This is time consuming, limiting the number of nuclei that can be analyzed, and prone to subjectivity. We have developed a new approach for automated mapping of FISH signals in asymmetric nuclei, integrated into an existing image analysis tool for nuclear morphology. Automatic landmark detection defines equivalent structural regions in each nucleus, then dynamic warping of the FISH images to a common shape allows us to generate a composite of the signal within the entire cell population. Using this approach, we mapped the positions of the sex chromosomes and two autosomes in three mouse lineages (Mus musculus domesticus, Mus musculus musculus and Mus spretus). We found that in all three, chromosomes 11 and 19 tend to interact with each other, but are shielded from interactions with the sex chromosomes. This organization is conserved across 2 million years of mouse evolution.

scholarly journals Automated nuclear cartography reveals conserved sperm chromosome territory localization across 2 million years of mouse evolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Matthew Skinner ◽  
Joanne Bacon ◽  
Claudia Cattoni Rathje ◽  
Erica Lee Larson ◽  
Emily Emiko Konishi Kopania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Territory ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Automated Mapping ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus ◽  
Chromosome Position ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Fish Signal

AbstractMeasurements of nuclear organization in asymmetric nuclei in 2D images have traditionally been manual. This is exemplified by attempts to measure chromosome position in sperm samples, typically by dividing the nucleus into zones, and manually scoring which zone a FISH signal lies in. This is time consuming, limiting the number of nuclei that can be analyzed, and prone to subjectivity. We have developed a new approach for automated mapping of FISH signals in asymmetric nuclei, integrated into an existing image analysis tool for nuclear morphology. Automatic landmark detection defines equivalent structural regions in each nucleus, then dynamic warping of the FISH images to a common shape allows us to generate a composite of the signal within the entire cell population. Using this approach, we mapped the positions of the sex chromosomes and two autosomes in three mouse lineages (Mus musculus domesticus, Mus musculus musculus and Mus spretus). We found that in all three, chromosomes 11 and 19 tend to interact with each other, but are shielded from interactions with the sex chromosomes. This organization is conserved across 2 million years of mouse evolution.

scholarly journals Altered Turnover of Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase in Erythroid Cells of Mice Expressing Hprt a and Hprt b Alleles

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Gerald G Johnson ◽  
Verne M Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that mice expressing Hprt a allele(s) have erythrocyte hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) levels that are approximately 25-fold (Mus musculus castaneus) and 70-fold (Mus spretus) higher than in mice that express the Hprt b allele (Mus musculus domesticus; C57BI/6J; C3H/HeHa), and that these differences in erythrocyte HPRT levels are due to differences in the turnover rates of the HPRT A and B proteins as reticulocytes mature to erythrocytes. We show here that: (1) the taxonomic subgroups of the genus Mus are essentially monomorphic for the occurrence of either the Hprt a or the Hprt b allele, with Hprt a being common in the aboriginal species (M. spretus, Mus hortulanus and Mus abbotti) and in several commensal species (Mus musculus musculus, M. m. castaneus, Mus musculus molossinus), while Hprt b is common in feral M. m. domesticus populations as well as in all inbred strains of mice tested; (2) in all these diverse Mus subgroups there is a strict association of Hprt a with high and Hprt b with low levels of erythrocyte HPRT; and, (3) the association between the occurrence of the Hprt a allele and elevated erythrocyte HPRT levels is retained following repeated backcrosses of wild-derived Hprt a allele(s) into the genetic background of inbred strains of mice with the Hprt b allele. Collectively, these observations indicate that the elevated and low levels of erythrocyte HPRT are specified by differences in the Hprt a and b structural genes. Since evidence indicates that Hprt a and b encode HPRT proteins which differ in primary structure, we infer that the structure of HPRT is an important factor in determining its sensitivity to turnover in mouse erythroid cells. Hprt a and b may provide a useful system of "normal" allelic gene products for identifying factors that participate in protein turnover during mouse reticulocyte maturation.

Gene flow of unique sequences between Mus musculus domesticus and Mus spretus

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda Greene-Till ◽  
Yingping Zhao ◽  
Stephen C. Hardies
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Mus Spretus

scholarly journals Host subspecific viral strains in European house mice: Murine cytomegalovirus in the Eastern (Mus musculus musculus) and Western house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus)

Virology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Čížková ◽  
Stuart J.E. Baird ◽  
Jana Těšíková ◽  
Sebastian Voigt ◽  
Ďureje Ľudovít ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Murine Cytomegalovirus ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus

Karyotype Characterisation of Two Australian Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae: Amphibolurinae) Reveals Subtle Chromosomal Rearrangements Between Related Species with Similar Karyotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 610-624
Author(s):  
Shayer M.I. Alam ◽  
Stephen D. Sarre ◽  
Arthur Georges ◽  
Tariq Ezaz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pogona Vitticeps ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques ◽  
Heterogametic Sex

Agamid lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) are karyotypically heterogeneous. Among the 101 species currently described from Australia, all are from the subfamily Amphibolurinae. This group is, with some exceptions, karyotypically conserved, and all species involving heterogametic sex show female heterogamety. Here, we describe the chromosomes of 2 additional Australian agamid lizards, <i>Tympanocryptis lineata</i> and <i>Rankinia diemensis</i>. These species are phylogenetically and cytogenetically sisters to the well-characterised <i>Pogona vitticeps,</i> but their sex chromosomes and other chromosomal characteristics are unknown. In this study, we applied advanced molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and cross-species gene mapping, to characterise chromosomes and to identify sex chromosomes in these species. Our data suggest that both species have a conserved karyotype with <i>P. vitticeps</i> but with subtle rearrangements in the chromosomal landscapes. We could identify that <i>T. lineata</i> possesses a female heterogametic system (ZZ/ZW) with a pair of sex microchromosomes, while <i>R. diemensis</i> may have heterogametic sex chromosomes, but this requires further investigations. Our study shows the pattern of chromosomal rearrangements between closely related species, explaining the speciation within Australian agamid lizards of similar karyotypes.

Most classical Mus musculus domesticus laboratory mouse strains carry a Mus musculus musculus Y chromosome

Nature ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 315 (6014) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Bishop ◽  
P. Boursot ◽  
B. Baron ◽  
F. Bonhomme ◽  
D. Hatat
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus

Analysis of aneuploidy for chromosomes 13, 21, X and Y by multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in a 47,XYY male

Zygote ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée H. Martin ◽  
Brenda McInnes ◽  
A.W. Rademaker
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Chromosome 13 ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Diploid Sperm

The frequency of aneuploid sperm was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in a 47,XYY male previously studied by sperm karyotyping. A total of 20 021 sperm were studied: 10 017 by two-colour FISH for chromosomes 13 and 21 and 10 002 by three-colour FISH for the sex chromosomes using chromosome 1 as an autosomal control for diploidy and lack of hybridisation. Results were compared with more than 500 000 sperm from 18 normal men. The frequencies of X-bearing (49.4%) and Y-bearing sperm (49.8%) were not significantly different from 50% as shown in our sperm karyotyping study. There was no significant increase in the frequency of diploid sperm compared with control donors. There was a significant increase in the frequency of disomy for chromosome 13 (p<0.0001) and XY disomy (p=0.0008) compared with control donors. However, since the frequency of disomy was 0.40% for chromosome 13 and 0.55% for XY disomy, it is not surprising that these increases were not discovered previously in our analysis of 75 sperm karyotypes. Our results suggest that the extra Y chromosome is eliminated during spermatogenesis in the majority of cells but that there may be a small but significant increase in the frequency of aneuploid sperm in these men.

Analyse génétique de la zone d'hybridation entre les deux sous-espèces de souris Mus musculus domesticus et Mus musculus musculus en Bulgarie

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavie Vanlerberghe ◽  
Pierre Boursot ◽  
Josette Catalan ◽  
Svestoslav Gerasimov ◽  
François Bonhomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus

The hybrid zone between the two subspecies of mice Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus, which has been studied extensively in Denmark, crosses Europe to the Black Sea through the Alps and the Balkans. Two hundred and seventy-nine animals were captured in 22 localities along a transect across the Balkans. The animals were characterized for seven diagnostic nuclear loci by protein electrophoresis and by restriction pattern analysis of their mitochondrial DNA. The nuclear data show a sharp transition between the two subspecies, most of the variations in allele frequencies (from 0.9 to 0.1) occurring within a 36-km section of the transect. The introgression varies from one locus to the other and is more pronounced, in terms of distance, in M. m. musculus territory. Mitochondrial DNA introgression is important but occurs in one direction only, i.e. from M. m. musculus to M. m. domesticus, while a cytoplasmic transfer from M. m. domesticus to M. m. musculus has been reported. A previous study showed that no Y chromosome introgression occurs. The different behaviour of these three types of markers could be due to the interaction between selection against hybrid genomes and meiotic recombination. Objectively, it would appear that the genes that can introgress are neutral or nearly so and have been separated from deleterious genes they were linked to by recombination. This could explain the differential introgression between autosomal loci. The mitochondrial and Y chromosomes undergo no or very little recombination and each is transmitted as a whole. Their degree of introgression is thus indicative of the intensity of selection resulting from the amount of functional differentiation between the two taxa, which seems to be strong for the Y chromosome and weak for mitochondrial DNA. We propose that the asymmetry of nuclear introgression is due to different population structures. As M. m. musculus is relatively less structured, the rapid spreading of introgressed genes would be favoured. Such a scheme, however, can hardly account for the unidirectionality of the mitochondrial flow, which could be due to sex-dependant behaviour.Key words: mice, hybrid zone, introgression, enzyme polymorphism.

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