scholarly journals Automated nuclear cartography reveals conserved sperm chromosome territory localization across 2 million years of mouse evolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Matthew Skinner ◽  
Joanne Bacon ◽  
Claudia Cattoni Rathje ◽  
Erica Lee Larson ◽  
Emily Emiko Konishi Kopania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Territory ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Automated Mapping ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus ◽  
Chromosome Position ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Fish Signal

AbstractMeasurements of nuclear organization in asymmetric nuclei in 2D images have traditionally been manual. This is exemplified by attempts to measure chromosome position in sperm samples, typically by dividing the nucleus into zones, and manually scoring which zone a FISH signal lies in. This is time consuming, limiting the number of nuclei that can be analyzed, and prone to subjectivity. We have developed a new approach for automated mapping of FISH signals in asymmetric nuclei, integrated into an existing image analysis tool for nuclear morphology. Automatic landmark detection defines equivalent structural regions in each nucleus, then dynamic warping of the FISH images to a common shape allows us to generate a composite of the signal within the entire cell population. Using this approach, we mapped the positions of the sex chromosomes and two autosomes in three mouse lineages (Mus musculus domesticus, Mus musculus musculus and Mus spretus). We found that in all three, chromosomes 11 and 19 tend to interact with each other, but are shielded from interactions with the sex chromosomes. This organization is conserved across 2 million years of mouse evolution.

scholarly journals Automated Nuclear Cartography Reveals Conserved Sperm Chromosome Territory Localization across 2 Million Years of Mouse Evolution

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Matthew Skinner ◽  
Joanne Bacon ◽  
Claudia Cattoni Rathje ◽  
Erica Lee Larson ◽  
Emily Emiko Konishi Kopania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Chromosome Territory ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
Automated Mapping ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus

Measurements of nuclear organization in asymmetric nuclei in 2D images have traditionally been manual. This is exemplified by attempts to measure chromosome position in sperm samples, typically by dividing the nucleus into zones, and manually scoring which zone a fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) signal lies in. This is time consuming, limiting the number of nuclei that can be analyzed, and prone to subjectivity. We have developed a new approach for automated mapping of FISH signals in asymmetric nuclei, integrated into an existing image analysis tool for nuclear morphology. Automatic landmark detection defines equivalent structural regions in each nucleus, then dynamic warping of the FISH images to a common shape allows us to generate a composite of the signal within the entire cell population. Using this approach, we mapped the positions of the sex chromosomes and two autosomes in three mouse lineages (Mus musculus domesticus, Mus musculus musculus and Mus spretus). We found that in all three, chromosomes 11 and 19 tend to interact with each other, but are shielded from interactions with the sex chromosomes. This organization is conserved across 2 million years of mouse evolution.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Land-Use Structure: Patch Perimeter Metrics as a Spatial Analysis Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Zambon ◽  
Pere Serra ◽  
Silvia Pili ◽  
Vincenzo Bernardini ◽  
Carlotta Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Land Use Structure

Design and Optimization of Catalytic Converters Taking Into Account 3D and Transient Phenomena as an Integral Part in Engine Cycle Simulations

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann C. Wurzenberger ◽  
Bernhard J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Adiabatic Conditions ◽  
Discrete Channel ◽  
Radial Heat ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

The Discrete Channel Method (DCM) is presented as a new approach to model the transient multidimensional behavior of honeycomb-type catalytic converters. DCM combines a detailed modeling of effects taking place inside individual channels with the description of thermal effects occurring in the entire converter. The model is compared to experimental data measured under adiabatic conditions and to solutions generated by the finite difference method. DCM is applied to simulate the light-off behavior for different exhaust gas compositions under adiabatic and non-adiabatic conditions. The results show the influence of changing gas compositions and of radial heat losses on the performance of catalytic converters and aftertreatment systems. Hence, DCM is an effective and computationally fast method tailored for the integration in the engine analysis tool BOOST but also for stand-alone catalyst simulation.

scholarly journals Nonconvex optimization-based inverse spectral decomposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ma ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Haoyang Gao ◽  
Yu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nonconvex Optimization ◽  
Spectral Decomposition ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
L1 Norm ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Penalty Term ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Inverse Spectral

Abstract As a time–frequency analysis tool, inverse spectral decomposition (ISD) could be utilized to obtain a high-resolution time–frequency map via the inversion strategy. In the established inversion function, an analytic signal is disintegrated as a coefficient matrix whose elements represent the weights of the wavelet components with the different dominant frequencies and the time location in the complex wavelet library. By using a sparse constraint, a high-quality inverse decomposition result could be generated. In this paper, a modified ISD technique based on a nonconvex optimization algorithm is proposed to pursue a sparser coefficient solution found in the inversion processing by decreasing the redundant information. This new approach applies the lp(0 < p < 1) penalty term to build an accurate mapping relationship between the original signal and its time–frequency spectrum. This adequate regularization in reconstructed function serves as a better alternative to the l1 norm one in conventional ISD. Lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and much weaker incoherence of wavelet library cannot impact on the accuracy of output with the ISD based on the lp norm (0 < p < 1) constraint. Synthetic data tests with the Gabor transform, the conventional ISD method and the nonconvex optimization-based ISD are applied to demonstrate the performance gaps. In the real application area, a blended image with instantaneous spectral attribute volumes produced by the new approach assists the identification of the geological anomalous body, which is verified via a physical model data and field data tests.

A new approach to the automated mapping of pockmarks in multi-beam bathymetry

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harrison ◽  
Valerie Bellec ◽  
Dave Mann ◽  
Wenjia Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Automated Mapping

scholarly journals A new approach for comprehensively describing heterogametic sex chromosomes

DNA Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglong Li ◽  
Masahiro Ajimura ◽  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Jianqiu Liu ◽  
Enxiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Heterogametic Sex

scholarly journals Widespread introgression of the Mus musculus musculus Y chromosome in Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Macholán ◽  
Stuart J. E. Baird ◽  
Alena Fornůsková ◽  
Iva Martincová ◽  
Pavel Rubík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Genetic Barrier ◽  
Genetic Conflict ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus ◽  
Chromosome Introgression ◽  
Large Material

AbstractAccording to Haldane’s rule, sex chromosomes should harbour more incompatibilities than autosomes. As a consequence, transmission of sex-linked genes across a genetic barrier is expected to be hampered. A remarkable example of a contradiction of this assumption was reported from the hybrid zone between two house mouse subspecies in western Czechia and south-eastern Germany where unidirectional east→west Y chromosome introgression was observed. Since the phenomenon was coupled with differences in sex ratio, this was hypothesised to be caused by a genetic conflict between sex-specific genes on sex chromosomes or elsewhere in the genome. Here we capitalise on a large material consisting of almost 7500 mice collected across a vast area from the Baltic Sea to the Alps embracing a ~900 km long portion of the zone with the aim to (i) detect its exact course and (ii) reveal the extent and pattern of the Y chromosome introgression in Central Europe. We show that the path of the zone is quite tortuous even at the global scale and the introgression is rather a rule than an exception. We also show that although sex ratio perturbations described in our previous study appear also in other introgression areas, they may not be ubiquitous. Finally, we reveal that although not all Y chromosome types are associated with the introgression, it is not restricted to a single ‘winning’ haplotype.

scholarly journals Defects in lamin B1 expression or processing affect interphase chromosome position and gene expression

2007 ◽  
Vol 176 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Malhas ◽  
Chiu Fan Lee ◽  
Rebecca Sanders ◽  
Nigel J. Saunders ◽  
David J. Vaux
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Chromosome Territory ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Interphase Chromosome ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Lamin B1 ◽  
Chromosome Position ◽  
Normal Expression ◽  
The Stability

Radial organization of nuclei with peripheral gene-poor chromosomes and central gene-rich chromosomes is common and could depend on the nuclear boundary as a scaffold or position marker. To test this, we studied the role of the ubiquitous nuclear envelope (NE) component lamin B1 in NE stability, chromosome territory position, and gene expression. The stability of the lamin B1 lamina is dependent on lamin endoproteolysis (by Rce1) but not carboxymethylation (by Icmt), whereas lamin C lamina stability is not affected by the loss of full-length lamin B1 or its processing. Comparison of wild-type murine fibroblasts with fibroblasts lacking full-length lamin B1, or defective in CAAX processing, identified genes that depend on a stable processed lamin B1 lamina for normal expression. We also demonstrate that the position of mouse chromosome 18 but not 19 is dependent on such a stable nuclear lamina. The results implicate processed lamin B1 in the control of gene expression as well as chromosome position.

scholarly journals Compensation of CO2 Emissions from Petrol Stations with Photovoltaic Parks: Cost-Benefit and Risk Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Ivan Beloev ◽  
Katerina Gabrovska-Evstatieva ◽  
Boris Evstatiev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Petrol Station ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach for reducing the CO2emissions in the transport sector based on emission compensation. A cost-benefit analysis method of investments in photovoltaic parks at petrol stations is used, which accounts for all the initial investments and maintenance costs in terms of expenses. The benefits are divided into financial and ecological. The method has been implemented in the specialised cost-benefit analysis tool, and an analysis has been performed for the city of Ruse, Bulgaria. Risk analysis on the influence of the main risk factors - the price of conventional energy and the buying price of energy from renewable energy sources is also performed. The results showed that investments in photovoltaic parks at petrol stations could pay off within 6 to 9 years in the more likely scenarios. The investment could reduce the CO2emissions, related to the petrol station, by 10% to 37% depending on the scenario and the criterion used.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Modeling Slip and Work Input for Centrifugal Compressors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert M. Harrison ◽  
Nicole L. Key
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Error ◽  
New Method ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Model ◽  
Error Band ◽  
Slip Factor ◽  
Work Input ◽  
Impeller Geometry

Abstract A new method of modeling slip factor and work input for centrifugal compressor impellers is presented. Rather than using geometry to predict the behavior of the flow at the impeller exit, the new method leverages governing relationships to predict the work input delivered by the impeller with dimensionless design parameters. The approach incorporates both impeller geometry and flow conditions and, therefore, is inherently able to predict the slip factor both at design and off-design conditions. Five impeller cases are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the method, four of which are well documented in the open literature. Multiple implementations of the model are introduced to enable users to customize the model to specific applications. Significant improvement in the accuracy of the prediction of slip factor and work input is obtained at both design and off-design conditions relative to Wiesner’s slip model. While Wiesner’s model predicts the slip factor of 52% of the data within ±0.05 absolute error, the most accurate implementation of the new model predicts 99% of the data within the same error band. The effects of external losses on the model are considered, and the new model is fairly insensitive to the effects of external losses. Finally, detailed procedures to incorporate the new model into a meanline analysis tool are provided in the appendices.

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