scholarly journals The Influence of Soil Fertilization on the Distribution and Diversity of Phosphorus Cycling Genes and Microbes Community of Maize Rhizosphere Using Shotgun Metagenomics

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Cycling ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Compost Manure

Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in the agro-ecosystem is mediated by soil microbes. These microbes regulate the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Little is known about the response of functional traits of phosphorus cycling microbes in soil fertilized with compost manure (derived from domestic waste and plant materials) or inorganic nitrogen fertilizers at high and low doses. We used a metagenomics investigation study to understand the changes in the abundance and distribution of microbial phosphorus cycling genes in agricultural farmlands receiving inorganic fertilizers (120 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha) or compost manure (8 tons/ha, 4 tons/ha), and in comparison with the control. Soil fertilization with high level of compost (Cp8) or low level of inorganic nitrogen (N1) fertilizer have nearly similar effects on the rhizosphere of maize plants in promoting the abundance of genes involved in phosphorus cycle. Genes such as ppk involved in polyphosphate formation and pstSABC (for phosphate transportation) are highly enriched in these treatments. These genes facilitate phosphorus immobilization. At a high dose of inorganic fertilizer application or low compost manure treatment, the phosphorus cycling genes were repressed and the abundance decreased. The bacterial families Bacillaceae and Carnobacteriaceae were very abundant in the high inorganic fertilizer (N2) treated soil, while Pseudonocardiaceae, Clostridiaceae, Cytophagaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, Nocardiopsaceae, Sphaerobacteraceae, Thermoactinomycetaceae, Planococcaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, Opitutaceae, Acidimicrobiaceae, Frankiaceae were most abundant in Cp8. Pyrenophora, Talaromyces, and Trichophyton fungi were observed to be dominant in Cp8 and Methanosarcina, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoculleus, and Methanosphaera archaea have the highest percentage occurrence in Cp8. Moreover, N2 treatment, Cenarchaeum, Candidatus Nitrososphaera, and Nitrosopumilus were most abundant among fertilized soils. Our findings have brought to light the basis for the manipulation of rhizosphere microbial communities and their genes to improve availability of phosphorus as well as phosphorus cycle regulation in agro-ecosystems.

scholarly journals Soil fertilization affects the abundance and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes in the maize rhizosphere

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Maize Plants

AbstractSoil microbes perform important functions in nitrogen and carbon cycling in the biosphere. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere enhance plants’ health and promote nutrient turnover and cycling in the soil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soil fertilization with organic and inorganic fertilizers on the abundances and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants. Our result showed that maize plants through rhizosphere effects selected and enriched the same functional genes glnA, gltB, gudB involved in nitrogen cycle as do high compost and low inorganic fertilizer treatments. This observation was significantly different from those of high doses of inorganic fertilizer and low compost manure treated soil. Only alpha amylase encoding genes were selectively enriched by low compost and high inorganic fertilized soil. The other treatments only selected xynB (in Cp8), lacZ (Cp4), bglA, pldB, trpA (N2), uidA (N1) and glgC, vanA (Cn0) carbon cycling genes in the rhizosphere of maize. Also Actinomycetales are selected by high compost, low inorganic fertilizer and control. The control was without any fertilization and the soil was planted with maize. Bacillales are also promoted by low compost and high inorganic fertilizer. This indicated that only microbes capable of tolerating the stress of high dose of inorganic fertilizer will thrive under such condition. Therefore, soil fertilization lowers nitrogen gas emission as seen with the high abundance of nitrogen assimilation genes or microbial anabolic genes, but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil by promoting the abundance of catabolic genes involve in carbon cycling.

scholarly journals Shotgun Metagenomics evaluation of soil fertilization effect on the rhizosphere viral community of maize plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwabunwanne Lilian Nwokolo ◽  
MATTHEW Chekwube ENEBE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Viral Community ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract The need for sustainability in food supply has led to progressive increase in soil nutrient enrichment. Fertilizer application affect both biological and abiotic processes in the soil, of which bacterial community that support viral multiplication are equally influenced. Soil viral community composition and dynamics are affected by soil fertilization with less exploration on organic and inorganic fertilizer application. In this study, we evaluated the influence of soil fertilization on the maize rhizosphere viral community growing in Luvisolic soil. The highest abundance of bacteriophages were detected in soil treated with high compost manure (Cp8), low inorganic fertilizer (N1), low compost (Cp4) and control (Cn0). Our result showed higher frequency of Myoviridae (47%), Podoviridae (46%) and Siphoviridae (90%) in high organic manure (Cp8) fertilized compared to others. While Inoviridae (98%) and Microviridae (74%) were the most abundant phage families in low organic (Cp4) fertilized soil. This demonstrate that soil fertilization with organic manure increases the abundance and diversity of viruses in the soil due to its soil conditioning effects.

scholarly journals Soil fertilization affects the abundance and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes in the maize rhizosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Compost Manure

Abstract Soil microbes performs important functions in nitrogen and carbon cycling in the biosphere. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere enhance plants’ health and promote nutrient turnover and cycling in the soil. In this experimental study, we evaluated the fundamental effects of soil fertilization with organic (compost manure) and inorganic fertilizer on the abundances and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes within the rhizospheric regions of maize plants. Our result showed that maize plants through rhizosphere effects selected and enriched the same functional genes glnA, gltB, gudB involved in nitrogen cycle as do higher compost and lower inorganic fertilizer treatments. This observation was significantly different from those of higher doses of inorganic fertilizer and lower compost manure treated soil. Only alpha amylase encoding genes were selectively enriched by lower compost and higher inorganic fertilized soil. The other treatments only selected peculiar carbon cycling genes in the rhizosphere of maize. Also Actinomycetales are selected by high compost, low inorganic fertilizer and control while Bacillales are promoted by low compost and higher inorganic fertilizer and this indicated that only microbes capable of tolerating the stress of higher dose of inorganic fertilizer will thrive under such condition. Therefore, soil fertilization lower nitrogen gas emission but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil.

scholarly journals Metagenomics Assessment of Soil Fertilization on the Chemotaxis and Disease Suppressive Genes Abundance in the Maize Rhizosphere

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Matthew Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Functional Gene Diversity ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Disease Suppressive Soil ◽  
Compost Manure

Soil fertility is a function of the level of organic and inorganic substances present in the soil, and it influences the activities of soil-borne microbes, plant growth performance and a host of other beneficial ecological functions. In this metagenomics study, we evaluated the response of maize microbial functional gene diversity involved in chemotaxis, antibiotics, siderophores, and antifungals producing genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants under compost, inorganic fertilizer, and unfertilized conditions. The results show that fertilization treatments at higher compost manure and lower inorganic fertilizer doses as well as maize plants itself in the unfertilized soil through rhizosphere effects share similar influences on the abundance of chemotaxis, siderophores, antifungal, and antibiotics synthesizing genes present in the samples, while higher doses of inorganic fertilizer and lower compost manure treatments significantly repress these genes. The implication is for a disease suppressive soil to be achieved, soil fertilization with high doses of compost manure fertilizer treatments as well as lower inorganic fertilizer should be used to enrich soil fertility and boost the abundance of chemotaxis and disease suppressive genes. Maize crops also should be planted sole or intercropped with other crops to enhance the rhizosphere effect of these plants in promoting the expression and abundance of these beneficial genes in the soil.

scholarly journals Soil fertilization affects the abundance and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes in the maize rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Maize Plants

Abstract Soil microbes perform important functions in nitrogen and carbon cycling in the biosphere. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere enhance plants’ health and promote nutrient turnover and cycling in the soil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soil fertilization with organic and inorganic fertilizers on the abundances and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants. Our result showed that maize plants through rhizosphere effects selected and enriched the same functional genes glnA, gltB, gudB involved in nitrogen cycle as do high compost and low inorganic fertilizer treatments. This observation was significantly different from those of high doses of inorganic fertilizer and low compost manure treated soil. Only alpha amylase encoding genes were selectively enriched by low compost and high inorganic fertilized soil. The other treatments only selected xynB (in Cp8), lacZ (Cp4), bglA, pldB, trpA (N2), uidA (N1) and glgC, vanA (Cn0) carbon cycling genes in the rhizosphere of maize. Also Actinomycetales are selected by high compost, low inorganic fertilizer and control. The control was without any fertilization and the soil was planted with maize. Bacillales are also promoted by low compost and high inorganic fertilizer. This indicated that only microbes capable of tolerating the stress of high dose of inorganic fertilizer will thrive under such condition. Therefore, soil fertilization lowers nitrogen gas emission as seen with the high abundance of nitrogen assimilation genes or microbial anabolic genes, but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil by promoting the abundance of catabolic genes involve in carbon cycling.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH JAGUNG MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK UNTUK PENYUBURAN LAHAN PERTANIAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daru Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Stem Leaf

The use of maize waste plant materials (stem, leaf, and husk cover) have high economic value to be processed become organic fertilizer for agricultural land fertilizer. Maize have several and quite high contents of macro and micro nutrients. This activity was hoped that the farmers can overcome the increasing price of inorganic fertilizer recently and furthermore farmers can reap higher income. Beside higher income the use of organic fertilizer can improve the nature and behaviourof land through improving of soil chemical, soil physical, and soil microorganism. Therefore, the appropriate technology for processing of maize become organic fertilizer is very important to be diffused or socialized to farmers.Keywords: fertilizer, maize waste

scholarly journals Expression of sugarcane genes induced by inoculation with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo de Matos Nogueira ◽  
Fabiano Vinagre ◽  
Hana Paula Masuda ◽  
Claudia Vargas ◽  
Vânia Lúcia Muniz de Pádua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Exclusive Or

Several Brazilian sugarcane varieties have the ability to grow with little addition of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, showing high contributions of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). A particular type of nitrogen-fixing association has been described in this crop, where endophytic diazotrophs such as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum spp. colonize plant tissues without causing disease symptoms. In order to gain insight into the role played by the sugarcane in the interaction between this plant and endophytic diazotrophs, we investigated gene expression profiles of sugarcane plants colonized by G. diazotrophicus and H. rubrisubalbicans by searching the sugarcane expressed sequence tag SUCEST Database (<A HREF="http://sucest.lad.ic.unicamp.br/en/">http://sucest.lad.ic.unicamp.br/en/</A>). We produced an inventory of sugarcane genes, candidates for exclusive or preferential expression during the nitrogen-fixing association. This data suggests that the host plant might be actively involved in the establishment of the interaction with G. diazotrophicus and H. rubrisubalbicans.

Integrated Nutrient Management Research with Sweet Potato in Papua New Guinea

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred E. Hartemink
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Potato Yields

This paper summarizes a series of field experiments that investigated the effects of organic and inorganic nutrients on sweet potato tuber yield in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea. In the first experiment, plots were planted with Piper aduncum, Gliricidia sepium and Imperata cylindrica, which were slashed after one year, whereafter sweet potato was planted. Sweet potato yield was lowest after Gliricidia fallow, but no yield differences were found after piper and imperata fallow. In the second season, there was no significant difference in sweet potato yields. The second experiment consisted of a factorial fertilizer trial with four levels of N (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha–1) and two levels of K (0, 50 kg ha–1). Nitrogen fertilizers increased yield in the first season, but depressed tuber yields in the second and third seasons. Potassium fertilizer had no effect on marketable tuber yield. The third experiment consisted of a comparison between N from inorganic fertilizer and poultry litter at four rates (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha–1). No difference was found between the inorganic fertilizer and poultry litter, and the highest yields were found at 100 kg N ha–1. In the second season no significant response was observed. Although yield variation was considerable, this series of experiments has shown that sweet potato yield can be significantly increased by inorganic or organic N applications. Sweet potato yields after fallows were less variable than after inorganic nutrient inputs. Inputs of inorganic fertilizer or poultry litter may strongly increase or decrease tuber yields.

Breeding for root yield in alfalfa

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saindon ◽  
R. Michaud ◽  
C. A. St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Indirect Response ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Winter survival of alfalfa (Medicago sauva L.) has often been associated with the size of the root system but breeding for a larger root system has never received much attention. The objectives of this study were to detect variability for root traits among seven alfalfa entries grown under two nitrogen fertilizer treatments (R- and N-treatments) which consisted of Rhizobium nitrogen fixation and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, respectively; to select for root yield in two alfalfa cultivars grown under the same two treatments and to measure resulting progress; and to determine which of the two N regimes is more appropriate for root yield selection. Variability for root yield, number of laterals, crown width and top yield was found among R-treated entries whereas only the crown width varied among the N-treated ones. The evaluation under both treatments showed that one cycle of bidirectional phenotypic selection made under both the R- and N-treatments was sufficient to allow the formation of divergent populations for root yield with the exception of Apica-derived populations which showed inconsistent or no responses when evaluated under the N-treatment. Independently of the cultivars and treatments used for selection and evaluation, asymmetries of response were observed. Possible explanations are proposed but additional cycles of selection are needed to provide definitive conclusions. Indirect selection responses observed for top yield, crown width, and root branching should make selection for increasing root yield in alfalfa attractive. Key words: Medicago sativa L., root branching, realized heritability, asymmetry of response, indirect response

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