scholarly journals Shotgun Metagenomics evaluation of soil fertilization effect on the rhizosphere viral community of maize plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwabunwanne Lilian Nwokolo ◽  
MATTHEW Chekwube ENEBE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Viral Community ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract The need for sustainability in food supply has led to progressive increase in soil nutrient enrichment. Fertilizer application affect both biological and abiotic processes in the soil, of which bacterial community that support viral multiplication are equally influenced. Soil viral community composition and dynamics are affected by soil fertilization with less exploration on organic and inorganic fertilizer application. In this study, we evaluated the influence of soil fertilization on the maize rhizosphere viral community growing in Luvisolic soil. The highest abundance of bacteriophages were detected in soil treated with high compost manure (Cp8), low inorganic fertilizer (N1), low compost (Cp4) and control (Cn0). Our result showed higher frequency of Myoviridae (47%), Podoviridae (46%) and Siphoviridae (90%) in high organic manure (Cp8) fertilized compared to others. While Inoviridae (98%) and Microviridae (74%) were the most abundant phage families in low organic (Cp4) fertilized soil. This demonstrate that soil fertilization with organic manure increases the abundance and diversity of viruses in the soil due to its soil conditioning effects.

scholarly journals Soil fertilization affects the abundance and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes in the maize rhizosphere

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Maize Plants

AbstractSoil microbes perform important functions in nitrogen and carbon cycling in the biosphere. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere enhance plants’ health and promote nutrient turnover and cycling in the soil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soil fertilization with organic and inorganic fertilizers on the abundances and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants. Our result showed that maize plants through rhizosphere effects selected and enriched the same functional genes glnA, gltB, gudB involved in nitrogen cycle as do high compost and low inorganic fertilizer treatments. This observation was significantly different from those of high doses of inorganic fertilizer and low compost manure treated soil. Only alpha amylase encoding genes were selectively enriched by low compost and high inorganic fertilized soil. The other treatments only selected xynB (in Cp8), lacZ (Cp4), bglA, pldB, trpA (N2), uidA (N1) and glgC, vanA (Cn0) carbon cycling genes in the rhizosphere of maize. Also Actinomycetales are selected by high compost, low inorganic fertilizer and control. The control was without any fertilization and the soil was planted with maize. Bacillales are also promoted by low compost and high inorganic fertilizer. This indicated that only microbes capable of tolerating the stress of high dose of inorganic fertilizer will thrive under such condition. Therefore, soil fertilization lowers nitrogen gas emission as seen with the high abundance of nitrogen assimilation genes or microbial anabolic genes, but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil by promoting the abundance of catabolic genes involve in carbon cycling.

scholarly journals Soil fertilization affects the abundance and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes in the maize rhizosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Compost Manure

Abstract Soil microbes performs important functions in nitrogen and carbon cycling in the biosphere. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere enhance plants’ health and promote nutrient turnover and cycling in the soil. In this experimental study, we evaluated the fundamental effects of soil fertilization with organic (compost manure) and inorganic fertilizer on the abundances and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes within the rhizospheric regions of maize plants. Our result showed that maize plants through rhizosphere effects selected and enriched the same functional genes glnA, gltB, gudB involved in nitrogen cycle as do higher compost and lower inorganic fertilizer treatments. This observation was significantly different from those of higher doses of inorganic fertilizer and lower compost manure treated soil. Only alpha amylase encoding genes were selectively enriched by lower compost and higher inorganic fertilized soil. The other treatments only selected peculiar carbon cycling genes in the rhizosphere of maize. Also Actinomycetales are selected by high compost, low inorganic fertilizer and control while Bacillales are promoted by low compost and higher inorganic fertilizer and this indicated that only microbes capable of tolerating the stress of higher dose of inorganic fertilizer will thrive under such condition. Therefore, soil fertilization lower nitrogen gas emission but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Vermicompost on Growth of Coconut Seedlings under Field Conditions in Sri Lanka

CORD ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
S.H.S. Senarathne
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Application System ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Cost

Organic matter contributes in maintaining soil fertility in agriculture.  Vermicompost is rich in plant nutrients and recognized as potential organic manure source for many crops.  In this experiment, different amount of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers were tested. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of vermicompost on the growth of coconut seedling in the field conditions and to reduce the cost of production of coconut plantations.Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The experiment consisted of three different fertilizer treatments with vermicompost (100%) + Dolomite 500g (T1), Inorganic fertilizer (Young Palm Mixture) + Dolomite (T2) and vermicompost + Inorganic fertilizer (Young Palm Mixture) + Dolomite (T3).  Growth measurements revealed A significantly higher seedling girth, leaf production rate and early highest coconut seedling flowering percentage in the vermicompost base integrated fertilizer applied treatment when compare with other two treatments. This experiment had brought out that application of vermicompost base integrated fertilizer application system is beneficial for coconut seedlings in the field for the better field establishment and vigorous seedling growth.

scholarly journals Soil fertilization affects the abundance and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes in the maize rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Maize Plants

Abstract Soil microbes perform important functions in nitrogen and carbon cycling in the biosphere. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere enhance plants’ health and promote nutrient turnover and cycling in the soil. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soil fertilization with organic and inorganic fertilizers on the abundances and distribution of carbon and nitrogen cycling genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants. Our result showed that maize plants through rhizosphere effects selected and enriched the same functional genes glnA, gltB, gudB involved in nitrogen cycle as do high compost and low inorganic fertilizer treatments. This observation was significantly different from those of high doses of inorganic fertilizer and low compost manure treated soil. Only alpha amylase encoding genes were selectively enriched by low compost and high inorganic fertilized soil. The other treatments only selected xynB (in Cp8), lacZ (Cp4), bglA, pldB, trpA (N2), uidA (N1) and glgC, vanA (Cn0) carbon cycling genes in the rhizosphere of maize. Also Actinomycetales are selected by high compost, low inorganic fertilizer and control. The control was without any fertilization and the soil was planted with maize. Bacillales are also promoted by low compost and high inorganic fertilizer. This indicated that only microbes capable of tolerating the stress of high dose of inorganic fertilizer will thrive under such condition. Therefore, soil fertilization lowers nitrogen gas emission as seen with the high abundance of nitrogen assimilation genes or microbial anabolic genes, but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil by promoting the abundance of catabolic genes involve in carbon cycling.

scholarly journals The Influence of Soil Fertilization on the Distribution and Diversity of Phosphorus Cycling Genes and Microbes Community of Maize Rhizosphere Using Shotgun Metagenomics

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Matthew Chekwube Enebe ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Cycling ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Compost Manure

Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in the agro-ecosystem is mediated by soil microbes. These microbes regulate the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Little is known about the response of functional traits of phosphorus cycling microbes in soil fertilized with compost manure (derived from domestic waste and plant materials) or inorganic nitrogen fertilizers at high and low doses. We used a metagenomics investigation study to understand the changes in the abundance and distribution of microbial phosphorus cycling genes in agricultural farmlands receiving inorganic fertilizers (120 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha) or compost manure (8 tons/ha, 4 tons/ha), and in comparison with the control. Soil fertilization with high level of compost (Cp8) or low level of inorganic nitrogen (N1) fertilizer have nearly similar effects on the rhizosphere of maize plants in promoting the abundance of genes involved in phosphorus cycle. Genes such as ppk involved in polyphosphate formation and pstSABC (for phosphate transportation) are highly enriched in these treatments. These genes facilitate phosphorus immobilization. At a high dose of inorganic fertilizer application or low compost manure treatment, the phosphorus cycling genes were repressed and the abundance decreased. The bacterial families Bacillaceae and Carnobacteriaceae were very abundant in the high inorganic fertilizer (N2) treated soil, while Pseudonocardiaceae, Clostridiaceae, Cytophagaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, Nocardiopsaceae, Sphaerobacteraceae, Thermoactinomycetaceae, Planococcaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, Opitutaceae, Acidimicrobiaceae, Frankiaceae were most abundant in Cp8. Pyrenophora, Talaromyces, and Trichophyton fungi were observed to be dominant in Cp8 and Methanosarcina, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoculleus, and Methanosphaera archaea have the highest percentage occurrence in Cp8. Moreover, N2 treatment, Cenarchaeum, Candidatus Nitrososphaera, and Nitrosopumilus were most abundant among fertilized soils. Our findings have brought to light the basis for the manipulation of rhizosphere microbial communities and their genes to improve availability of phosphorus as well as phosphorus cycle regulation in agro-ecosystems.

scholarly journals Soil fertilization synergistically enhances the impact of pollination services in increasing seed yield of sunflower under dryland conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dolapo Bola Adelabu ◽  
Emile Bredenhand ◽  
Sean van der Merwe ◽  
Angelinus Cornelius Franke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Soil

Abstract To exploit the potential of ecological intensification during sunflower cropping, it is crucial to understand the potential synergies between crop management and ecosystem services. We therefore examined the effect of pollination intensification on sunflower yield and productivity under various levels of soil fertilization over two seasons in the eastern Free State, South Africa. We manipulated soil fertility with fertilizer applications and pollination with exclusion bags. We found a synergetic effect between pollination and soil fertilization whereby increasing pollination intensity led to a far higher impact on sunflower yield when the soil had been fertilized. Specifically, the intensification of insect pollination increased seed yield by approximately 0.4 ton/ha on nutrient poor soil and by approximately 1.7 ton/ha on moderately fertilized soil. Our findings suggest that sunflower crops on adequate balanced soil fertility will receive abundant insect pollination and may gain more from both synergies than crops grown in areas with degraded soil fertility.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Yield and Yield Attributes of Boro Rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hossaen ◽  
ATM Shamsuddoha ◽  
AK Paul ◽  
MSI Bhuiyan ◽  
ASM Zobaer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Boro Rice

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the yield and yield attributes of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consisted of 8 treatments, T0: Control, T1: 100% N100P15K45S20 (Recommended dose), T2: 50% NPKS + 5 t cowdung ha-1, T3: 70% NPKS + 3 t cowdung ha-1, T4: 50% NPKS + 4 t poultry manure ha-1, T5: 70% NPKS + 2.4 t poultry manure ha-1, T6: 50% NPKS + 5 t vermicompost ha-1and T7: 70% NPKS + 3 t vermicompost ha-1. At 30, 50, 70, 90 DAT and at harvest stage the tallest plant (24.18, 31.34, 44.67, 67.05 and 89.00 cm) and the greatest number of total tiller per hill (5.43, 11.64, 21.01 and 17.90) at same DAT was recorded from T5 and the lowest was observed from T0 in every aspect. The maximum number of effective tillers per hill (13.52), the longest panicle (24.59 cm), maximum number of total grain per plant (97.45), the highest weight of 1000 seeds (21.80 g), the maximum grain yield (7.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.64 t ha-1) was recorded from T5 treatment whereas the lowest number of effective tillers per hill (6.07) , the shortest panicle (16.45 cm) , the minimum total grain per plant (69.13) , the lowest weight of 1000 seeds (16.73 g), the lowest grain yield (2.06 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.63 t ha-1) was observed from T0 treatment. Although the highest biological yield was recorded from T5 treatment but statistically similar result were found from T3, T4 and T7 treatments. The highest harvest index also recorded for T5 treatment. It was obvious that yield of rice can be increased substantially with the judicious application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer. Keywords: Cowdung; poultry manure; vermicompost; NPKS; yield; yield contributing characters; boro rice DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9486 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 117-125

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