scholarly journals Sequencing of Supernumerary Chromosomes of Red Fox and Raccoon Dog Confirms a Non-Random Gene Acquisition by B Chromosomes

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Makunin ◽  
Svetlana Romanenko ◽  
Violetta Beklemisheva ◽  
Polina Perelman ◽  
Anna Druzhkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Gene Acquisition ◽  
Genomic Regions

B chromosomes (Bs) represent a variable addition to the main karyotype in some lineages of animals and plants. Bs accumulate through non-Mendelian inheritance and become widespread in populations. Despite the presence of multiple genes, most Bs lack specific phenotypic effects, although their influence on host genome epigenetic status and gene expression are recorded. Previously, using sequencing of isolated Bs of ruminants and rodents, we demonstrated that Bs originate as segmental duplications of specific genomic regions, and subsequently experience pseudogenization and repeat accumulation. Here, we used a similar approach to characterize Bs of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) and the Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides Gray). We confirm the previous findings of the KIT gene on Bs of both species, but demostrate an independent origin of Bs in these species, with two reused regions. Comparison of gene ensembles in Bs of canids, ruminants, and rodents once again indicates enrichment with cell-cycle genes, development-related genes, and genes functioning in the neuron synapse. The presence of B-chromosomal copies of genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and tissue differentiation may indicate importance of these genes for B chromosome establishment.

scholarly journals Garbage in the diet of carnivores in an agricultural area

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Jankowiak ◽  
Anna W. Malecha ◽  
Agata J. Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Eurasian Otter ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractHuman food waste is considered to be richer in carbohydrates, lipids and proteins than most natural food supplies; however, it is very well digested in scats. So, as an indication of this kind of food in the diet, we have used each indigestible, anthropogenic origin element found in faeces (e.g., glass, plastic, rubber, etc.). There are few studies discussing the importance of garbage in the diet of mammalian predators living in farmland; definitely, most focus on this issue in urban areas. We studied the contribution of garbage in the diet of raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), marten (Martessp.), polecat (Mustela putorius), stoat (Mustela erminea), American mink (Neovison vison) and Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in the agricultural areas of western Poland in 2006-2010. In addition, we examined the spatial changes in the diet of red fox and polecat. The largest contribution of garbage was found in scats of raccoon dog (8.8%), red fox (4.8%) and marten (4.3%). The diet of polecat, stoat and Eurasian otter contained 2.5%, 1.7% and 0.2% garbage items respectively. The most frequent item was plastic. Our analysis showed that garbage consumption by red fox and polecat was greater closer to human settlements. The results reveal a continuous gradient in the garbage consumption that corresponds with the degree of synanthropization of particular species.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild carnivores in north-eastern Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szewczyk ◽  
Joanna Werszko ◽  
Anna W. Myczka ◽  
Zdzisław Laskowski ◽  
Grzegorz Karbowiak
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate parasitic intracellular bacterium. It is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, with effects on human and animal health. In Europe, the pathogen is mainly transmitted among a wide range of vertebrate hosts by blood-sucking arthropods. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores, viz raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), badgers (Meles meles), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), martens (Martes sp.) and European polecats (Mustela putorius), using molecular methods. Methods In the present study, 174 spleen samples were collected from adult, wild carnivores hunted in the years 2013–2016. A short fragment (383 bp) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequence was used as a marker to identify A. phagocytophilum in spleen samples collected from carnivores using nested PCR. Results The prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores was 31.61% (55/174). Seven sequences of A. phagocytophilum were generated from two raccoon dogs, two badgers, one marten, one red fox and one European polecat. Six identical nucleotide sequences were obtained from one raccoon dog, two badgers, one marten, one red fox and one European polecat (A. phagocytophilum sequences 1: MH328205–MH328209, MH328211), and these were identical to many A. phagocytophilum sequences in the GenBank database (100% similarity). The second sequence (A. phagocytophilum sequence 2: MH328210) obtained from the raccoon dog shared 99.74% identity with A. phagocytophilum sequence 1. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to use molecular methods to determine the presence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores, viz raccoon dog, badger, marten and European polecat, in Poland. The detected A. phagocytophilum sequences (1 and 2) were closely related with those of A. phagocytophilum occurring in a wide range of wild and domestic animals and vectors.

Three-Dimensional Positioning of B Chromosomes in Fibroblast Nuclei of the Red Fox and the Chinese Raccoon Dog

2013 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kociucka ◽  
J. Sosnowski ◽  
A. Kubiak ◽  
A. Nowak ◽  
P. Pawlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Fox ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Raccoon Dog

Satellite DNA Sequences in Canidae and Their Chromosome Distribution in Dog and Red Fox

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miluse Vozdova ◽  
Svatava Kubickova ◽  
Halina Cernohorska ◽  
Jan Fröhlich ◽  
Jiri Rubes
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation

Satellite DNA is a characteristic component of mammalian centromeric heterochromatin, and a comparative analysis of its evolutionary dynamics can be used for phylogenetic studies. We analysed satellite and satellite-like DNA sequences available in NCBI for 4 species of the family Canidae (red fox, Vulpes vulpes, VVU; domestic dog, Canis familiaris, CFA; arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus, VLA; raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, NPR) by comparative sequence analysis, which revealed 86-90% intraspecies and 76-79% interspecies similarity. Comparative fluorescence in situ hybridisation in the red fox and dog showed signals of the red fox satellite probe in canine and vulpine autosomal centromeres, on VVUY, B chromosomes, and in the distal parts of VVU9q and VVU10p which were shown to contain nucleolus organiser regions. The CFA satellite probe stained autosomal centromeres only in the dog. The CFA satellite-like DNA did not show any significant sequence similarity with the satellite DNA of any species analysed and was localised to the centromeres of 9 canine chromosome pairs. No significant heterochromatin block was detected on the B chromosomes of the red fox. Our results show extensive heterogeneity of satellite sequences among Canidae and prove close evolutionary relationships between the red and arctic fox.

The diet of feral raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and native badger (Meles meles) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Denmark

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Elmeros ◽  
Dorthe Malene Götz Mikkelsen ◽  
Louise Solveig Nørgaard ◽  
Cino Pertoldi ◽  
Trine Hammer Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog

scholarly journals Estimated prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides in northern Brandenburg, Germany

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Schwarz ◽  
Astrid Sutor ◽  
Christoph Staubach ◽  
Roswitha Mattis ◽  
Kirsten Tackmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of the small fox tapeworm, is a lethal zoonotic infection if left untreated. E. multilocularis is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and lives in the small intestines of carnivores, mainly canids. The main definitive host of E. multilocularis in European countries is the red fox Vulpes vulpes and in the last ten years new endemic areas for the parasite in Central Europe have been identified. In some areas, for instance in Germany, the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides - a spreading neozoon - must be regarded as an additional definitive host for E. multilocularis. In 2001 this parasite was found for the first time in raccoon dogs in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. Between 2000 and 2008, 1,252 raccoon dogs from Brandenburg were examined by the Intestinal Scraping Technique. The majority of samples were obtained in five northern counties and all 60 animals that tested positive for E. multilocularis were located there. The estimated true prevalence calculated by a beta-binomial- model ranged from 6%–12%.

scholarly journals ON THE SKULL MORPHOLOGY OF RACCOON DOG (NYCTEREUTES PROCYONOIDES) AND RED FOX (VULPES VULPES)

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenijus Jurgelėnas ◽  
Linas Daugnora ◽  
Eglė Monastyreckienė ◽  
Linas Balčiauskas
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Skull Morphology
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document