scholarly journals Estimated prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides in northern Brandenburg, Germany

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Schwarz ◽  
Astrid Sutor ◽  
Christoph Staubach ◽  
Roswitha Mattis ◽  
Kirsten Tackmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of the small fox tapeworm, is a lethal zoonotic infection if left untreated. E. multilocularis is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and lives in the small intestines of carnivores, mainly canids. The main definitive host of E. multilocularis in European countries is the red fox Vulpes vulpes and in the last ten years new endemic areas for the parasite in Central Europe have been identified. In some areas, for instance in Germany, the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides - a spreading neozoon - must be regarded as an additional definitive host for E. multilocularis. In 2001 this parasite was found for the first time in raccoon dogs in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. Between 2000 and 2008, 1,252 raccoon dogs from Brandenburg were examined by the Intestinal Scraping Technique. The majority of samples were obtained in five northern counties and all 60 animals that tested positive for E. multilocularis were located there. The estimated true prevalence calculated by a beta-binomial- model ranged from 6%–12%.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild carnivores in north-eastern Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szewczyk ◽  
Joanna Werszko ◽  
Anna W. Myczka ◽  
Zdzisław Laskowski ◽  
Grzegorz Karbowiak
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate parasitic intracellular bacterium. It is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, with effects on human and animal health. In Europe, the pathogen is mainly transmitted among a wide range of vertebrate hosts by blood-sucking arthropods. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores, viz raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), badgers (Meles meles), foxes (Vulpes vulpes), martens (Martes sp.) and European polecats (Mustela putorius), using molecular methods. Methods In the present study, 174 spleen samples were collected from adult, wild carnivores hunted in the years 2013–2016. A short fragment (383 bp) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequence was used as a marker to identify A. phagocytophilum in spleen samples collected from carnivores using nested PCR. Results The prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores was 31.61% (55/174). Seven sequences of A. phagocytophilum were generated from two raccoon dogs, two badgers, one marten, one red fox and one European polecat. Six identical nucleotide sequences were obtained from one raccoon dog, two badgers, one marten, one red fox and one European polecat (A. phagocytophilum sequences 1: MH328205–MH328209, MH328211), and these were identical to many A. phagocytophilum sequences in the GenBank database (100% similarity). The second sequence (A. phagocytophilum sequence 2: MH328210) obtained from the raccoon dog shared 99.74% identity with A. phagocytophilum sequence 1. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to use molecular methods to determine the presence of A. phagocytophilum in wild carnivores, viz raccoon dog, badger, marten and European polecat, in Poland. The detected A. phagocytophilum sequences (1 and 2) were closely related with those of A. phagocytophilum occurring in a wide range of wild and domestic animals and vectors.

scholarly journals Garbage in the diet of carnivores in an agricultural area

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Jankowiak ◽  
Anna W. Malecha ◽  
Agata J. Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Eurasian Otter ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractHuman food waste is considered to be richer in carbohydrates, lipids and proteins than most natural food supplies; however, it is very well digested in scats. So, as an indication of this kind of food in the diet, we have used each indigestible, anthropogenic origin element found in faeces (e.g., glass, plastic, rubber, etc.). There are few studies discussing the importance of garbage in the diet of mammalian predators living in farmland; definitely, most focus on this issue in urban areas. We studied the contribution of garbage in the diet of raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), marten (Martessp.), polecat (Mustela putorius), stoat (Mustela erminea), American mink (Neovison vison) and Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in the agricultural areas of western Poland in 2006-2010. In addition, we examined the spatial changes in the diet of red fox and polecat. The largest contribution of garbage was found in scats of raccoon dog (8.8%), red fox (4.8%) and marten (4.3%). The diet of polecat, stoat and Eurasian otter contained 2.5%, 1.7% and 0.2% garbage items respectively. The most frequent item was plastic. Our analysis showed that garbage consumption by red fox and polecat was greater closer to human settlements. The results reveal a continuous gradient in the garbage consumption that corresponds with the degree of synanthropization of particular species.

scholarly journals The Presence of Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibody in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa), a Non-Target Bait Vaccine Animal in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ha-Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong-Kun Yang ◽  
Ja-Young Wang ◽  
Dong-Jun An
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Target Animal ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Oral vaccination with bait is an effective method to prevent rabies in wildlife, but non-target wild animals may also ingest the bait vaccine. In Korea, the target animal of the rabies bait vaccine is the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Bait vaccines have been distributed in Korea for 20 years; although wild raccoon dogs have been tested for antibodies, rabies antibodies have never been investigated in non-target wild animals. Therefore, this study investigated rabies antibody formation in wild boars (Sus scrofa), which is likely the main competitor for the bait vaccine in Korea. In bait areas, 20 of 109 wild boars (18.3%) were seropositive, and 39 of 470 wild boars (8.3%) in non-bait areas were also seropositive. These results provide insights regarding bait uptake or vaccination in non-target wild boars.

scholarly journals Sequencing of Supernumerary Chromosomes of Red Fox and Raccoon Dog Confirms a Non-Random Gene Acquisition by B Chromosomes

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Makunin ◽  
Svetlana Romanenko ◽  
Violetta Beklemisheva ◽  
Polina Perelman ◽  
Anna Druzhkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Gene Acquisition ◽  
Genomic Regions

B chromosomes (Bs) represent a variable addition to the main karyotype in some lineages of animals and plants. Bs accumulate through non-Mendelian inheritance and become widespread in populations. Despite the presence of multiple genes, most Bs lack specific phenotypic effects, although their influence on host genome epigenetic status and gene expression are recorded. Previously, using sequencing of isolated Bs of ruminants and rodents, we demonstrated that Bs originate as segmental duplications of specific genomic regions, and subsequently experience pseudogenization and repeat accumulation. Here, we used a similar approach to characterize Bs of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) and the Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides Gray). We confirm the previous findings of the KIT gene on Bs of both species, but demostrate an independent origin of Bs in these species, with two reused regions. Comparison of gene ensembles in Bs of canids, ruminants, and rodents once again indicates enrichment with cell-cycle genes, development-related genes, and genes functioning in the neuron synapse. The presence of B-chromosomal copies of genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and tissue differentiation may indicate importance of these genes for B chromosome establishment.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Retention in Wild and Farmed Canids

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gugołek ◽  
Janusz Strychalski ◽  
Małgorzata Konstantynowicz ◽  
Cezary Zwoliński
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract The aim of this study, conducted in November 2012, was to determine whether farming of common foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) leads to changes in nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in comparison with their wild counterparts. Wild and farmed animals were compared within and between species. Each group consisted of five males and five females aged around eight months. Farmed silver foxes - a variety of the common red fox (group FSF) and farmed raccoon dogs (group FRD) were purchased from a breeding farm in southeastern Poland. Wild red foxes (group WRF) and wild raccoon dogs (group WRD) were trapped in the hunting grounds of the Polish Hunting Association (Olsztyn Division). The animals were placed in metabolism cages. The coefficients of nutrient and energy digestibility, and daily nitrogen balance and retention values were compared between groups. Farmed animals tended to have higher digestibility coefficients than their wild counterparts. No significant differences were noted within species. The coefficients of dry matter (P≤0.01), organic matter (P≤0.05, P≤0.05) and protein (only FSF vs. WRD - P≤0.05) digestibility were higher in foxes. Raccoon dogs were characterized by higher digestibility of carbohydrates - N-free extracts (P≤0.01). Nitrogen retention was higher in farmed animals. The highest and lowest levels of retained nitrogen were observed in groups FSF and WRD, respectively

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Variability in Farmed and Wild Populations of Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes Procyonoides) Using Microsatellite Sequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornel Kasperek ◽  
Beata Horecka ◽  
Andrzej Jakubczak ◽  
Brygida Ślaska ◽  
Magdalena Gryzińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Abstract The aim of this study was to detect possible differences between farmed and wild-living raccoon dogs. Analysis of polymorphism in 15 microsatellite sequences led to the conclusion that raccoon dogs raised on Polish farms and wild raccoon dogs living in Poland are two genetically distinct groups of animals. Wild Polish raccoon dogs are genetically more similar to the population of wild animals from the Kaliningrad Region than to farmed animals. The analysis of microsatellite loci showed clear genetic differences between farmed and wild-living populations of raccoon dog, despite only 50 years of isolation of the two groups of animals. The farmed population was characterized by higher genetic variation than the wild-living population. On the basis of the analyses three microsatellite loci (INU014, Ren13J22 and Ren41D20) were proposed for determination of the origin of animals that have escaped from farms.

scholarly journals AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND PANCREAS GROWTH IN THE RACCOON DOG INHABITING THE RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATED TERRITORY OF THE BELARUSIAN SECTOR OF THE EXCLUSION ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
K.D. Kavaliou ◽  
D.N. Fiadotau
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anatomical Nomenclature ◽  
Radiation Zone ◽  
First Time ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

The objective of the study was to determine the age-related anatomical features and patterns of growth of the pancreas of the raccoon dogs in the zone of removal of the anthropogenic load of the exclusion zone. For the research 4 age groups were used. The terminology of the described structures of the pancreas was brought into compliance with the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. For the first time it was found that for the raccoon dog, living in a radiation zone, the linear and weight parameters of the pancreas growth depend on age.

scholarly journals Tularaemia seroprevalence of captured and wild animals in Germany: the fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a biological indicator

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KUEHN ◽  
C. SCHULZE ◽  
P. KUTZER ◽  
C. PROBST ◽  
A. HLINAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

SUMMARYA total of 2475 animals from Germany, both captive and wild, were tested for antibodies againstFrancisella tularensisto obtain more knowledge about the presence of this pathogen in Germany. An indirect and a competitive ELISA served as screening methods, positive and inconclusive samples were confirmed by Western blot. Of the zoo animals sampled between 1992 and 2007 (n = 1122), three (0·3%) were seropositive. The seroconversion of a hippopotamus in Berlin Zoo was documented. From 1353 serum samples of wild foxes (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and wild boars (Sus scrofa), collected between 2005 and 2009 in the federal state of Brandenburg (surrounding Berlin), a total of 101 (7·5%) tested positive for antibodies toF. tularensislipopolysaccharide. Our results indicate a higher seroprevalence ofF.tularensisin wildlife in eastern Germany than commonly assumed. Furthermore, we found foxes and raccoon dogs to be biological indicators for tularaemia.

scholarly journals AMY2B Gene Copy-Number Variation Studied by Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) in Three Canids: Red Fox, Arctic Fox, and Chinese Raccoon Dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Michal Antkowiak ◽  
Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk ◽  
Izabela Szczerbal ◽  
Marek Switonski ◽  
Maciej Szydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Arctic Foxes ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Copy-number variation (CNV) is an important source of genetic variation, and one that played a role in the process of domestication. The adaptation to a new diet is a characteristic feature of dog domestication. We therefore sought genomic signatures of this process. The pancreatic alpha-amylase gene (AMY2B), expressed in the pancreas, exhibits a variable number of copies. It has been shown that the multiplication of this gene is associated with the adaptation of dogs to a starch-rich diet. To date, there has been no information made available on the copy-number variation of AMY2B in canid farm animals. The aim of the present study was to examine the AMY2B copy number in the red fox, the arctic fox, and in the Chinese raccoon dog. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to count the gene copies in 152 animals (60 red foxes, 53 arctic foxes, and 39 Chinese raccoon dogs). We found that the majority (91%) of the animals had two copies of this gene. Of the red foxes and Chinese raccoon dogs, only 8% had three copies, while 32% of the arctic foxes had three copies. Our study showed that the multiplication of the AMY2B gene did not occur over several decades of breeding selection, which may reflect the low-starch feeding regime.

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