scholarly journals Dynamics of Carbonates in Soils under Different Land Use in Forest-Steppe Area of Russia Using Stable and Radiogenic Carbon Isotope Data

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Khokhlova ◽  
Tatyana Myakshina
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Isotope Data

scholarly journals Re-evaluating Scythian lifeways: Isotopic analysis of diet and mobility in Iron Age Ukraine

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0245996
Author(s):  
Alicia R. Ventresca Miller ◽  
James Johnson ◽  
Sergey Makhortykh ◽  
Claudia Gerling ◽  
Ludmilla Litvinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Isotope Data

The Scythians are frequently presented, in popular and academic thought alike, as highly mobile warrior nomads who posed a great economic risk to growing Mediterranean empires from the Iron Age into the Classical period. Archaeological studies provide evidence of first millennium BCE urbanism in the steppe while historical texts reference steppe agriculture, challenging traditional characterizations of Scythians as nomads. However, there have been few direct studies of the diet and mobility of populations living in the Pontic steppe and forest-steppe during the Scythian era. Here, we analyse strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope data from human tooth enamel samples, as well as nitrogen and carbon isotope data of bone collagen, at several Iron Age sites across Ukraine commonly associated with ‘Scythian’ era communities. Our multi-isotopic approach demonstrates generally low levels of human mobility in the vicinity of urban locales, where populations engaged in agro-pastoralism focused primarily on millet agriculture. Some individuals show evidence for long-distance mobility, likely associated with significant inter-regional connections. We argue that this pattern supports economic diversity of urban locales and complex trading networks, rather than a homogeneous nomadic population.

Climate and land-use effects on hydrological and vegetation signals during the last three millennia: Evidence from sedimentary leaf waxes in southwestern Morocco

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362098805
Author(s):  
Asmae Baqloul ◽  
Enno Schefuß ◽  
Martin Kölling ◽  
Lydie Dupont ◽  
Jeroen Groeneveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Leaf Waxes ◽  
Argan Tree ◽  
Precipitation Changes

The southwest of Morocco is considered to be an area of refuge within the Mediterranean region, hosting the endemic tropical Argan tree. This region is presently subject to severe droughts, desertification and land degradation, and likely facing increased climate variability and socio-economic stress in the future. Here, we use the stable hydrogen and carbon isotope composition (δD and δ13C) of plant-waxes in a high-resolution marine sediment core (GeoB8601-3) collected off Cape Ghir in southwestern Morocco, in combination with published data on pollen and XRF element ratios from the same archive. We aim to reconstruct the hydroclimate and vegetation history during the last 3000 years. Stable carbon isotope compositions of leaf waxes (δ13Cwax) show that natural vegetation in southwestern Morocco consists of C3 plants. Minor variations in δ13Cwax were positively correlated to changes in stable hydrogen isotope compositions of leaf waxes (δDwax) before 700 CE. Changes in rainfall amounts and water use efficiency indicate a clear vegetation response to precipitation changes and thus to climate forcing. After 700 CE, δDwax and δ13Cwax became de-coupled suggesting that the plant wax discharge and their isotope signals were no longer solely controlled by climate; the waxes likely mainly originate from the lowlands and carry an enriched (dry) δD signal but a depleted 13C signature. The depletion of δ13Cwax correlates with the increase of Argan pollen concentration in the record. The period between ~700 and 900 CE coincides with the Arabization of Morocco which had an impact on the demographic composition of the country leading to new agricultural habits and, as a result, on the land-use triggering a higher erosion of lowland material by the Souss River.

scholarly journals A database of Holocene nearshore marine mollusc shell geochemistry from the Northeast Pacific

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Palmer ◽  
Veronica Padilla Vriesman ◽  
Roxanne M. W. Banker ◽  
Jessica R. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Shell Middens ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Oxygen And Carbon Isotope ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Δ13c And Δ18o

Abstract. The shells of marine invertebrates can serve as high-resolution records of oceanographic and atmospheric change through time. In particular, oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of nearshore marine calcifiers that grow by accretion over their lifespans provide seasonal records of environmental and oceanographic conditions. Archaeological shell middens generated by Indigenous communities along the Northeast Pacific coast contain shells harvested over multiple seasons for millennia. These shell middens, as well as analyses of archival and modern shells, have the potential to provide multi-site, seasonal archives of nearshore conditions throughout the Holocene. A significant volume of oxygen and carbon isotope data from archaeological shells exists, yet is separately published in archaeological, geochemical, and paleoceanographic journals and has not been comprehensively analyzed to examine oceanographic change over time. Here, we compiled a database of previously published oxygen and carbon isotope data from archaeological, archival, and modern marine molluscs from the North American coast of the Northeast Pacific (32° N to 50° N). This database includes oxygen and carbon isotope data from over 550 modern, archaeological, and sub-fossil shells from 8880 years before present (BP) to the present, from which there are 4,845 total δ13C and 5,071 total δ18O measurements. Shell dating and sampling strategies vary among studies (1–118 samples per shell) and vary significantly by journal discipline. Data are from various bivalves and gastropod species, with Mytilus spp. being the most commonly analyzed taxon. This novel database can be used to investigate changes in nearshore sea surface conditions including warm-cool oscillations, heat waves, and upwelling intensity, and provides nearshore calcite δ13C and δ18O values that can be compared to the vast collections of offshore foraminifera calcite δ13C and δ18O data from marine sediment cores. By utilizing previously published geochemical data from midden and museum shells rather than sampling new specimens, future scientific research can reduce or omit the alteration or destruction of culturally valued specimens and sites. The data set is publicly available through PANGAEA at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.932671 (Palmer et al., 2021).

scholarly journals Employing extant stable carbon isotope data in Gulf of Mexico sedimentary organic matter for oil spill studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad E. Rosenheim ◽  
Matthew A. Pendergraft ◽  
George C. Flowers ◽  
Robert Carney ◽  
José L. Sericano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Matter ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Isotope Data

Climate change versus land-use change—What affects the ecosystem services more in the forest-steppe ecotone?

2021 ◽  
Vol 759 ◽  
pp. 143525
Author(s):  
Fengqi Cui ◽  
Bojie Wang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Haiping Tang ◽  
Philippe De Maeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Forest Steppe

scholarly journals Dietary change among hominins and cercopithecids in Ethiopia during the early Pliocene

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (40) ◽  
pp. 12304-12309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi E. Levin ◽  
Yohannes Haile-Selassie ◽  
Stephen R. Frost ◽  
Beverly Z. Saylor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Dietary Breadth ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Combined Data

The incorporation of C4resources into hominin diet signifies increased dietary breadth within hominins and divergence from the dietary patterns of other great apes. Morphological evidence indicates that hominin diet became increasingly diverse by 4.2 million years ago but may not have included large proportions of C4foods until 800 thousand years later, given the available isotopic evidence. Here we use carbon isotope data from early to mid Pliocene hominin and cercopithecid fossils from Woranso-Mille (central Afar, Ethiopia) to constrain the timing of this dietary change and its ecological context. We show that both hominins and some papionins expanded their diets to include C4resources as early as 3.76 Ma. Among hominins, this dietary expansion postdates the major dentognathic morphological changes that distinguishAustralopithecusfromArdipithecus, but it occurs amid a continuum of adaptations to diets of tougher, harder foods and to committed terrestrial bipedality. In contrast, carbon isotope data from cercopithecids indicate that C4-dominated diets of the earliest members of theTheropithecus oswaldilineage preceded the dental specialization for grazing but occurred after they were fully terrestrial. The combined data indicate that the inclusion of C4foods in hominin diet occurred as part of broader ecological changes in African primate communities.

Landscape responses to a century of land use along the northern Patagonian forest-steppe transition

Plant Ecology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan H. Gowda ◽  
T. Kitzberger ◽  
A. C. Premoli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Patagonian Forest
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