scholarly journals Structural Evolution of the Kohat Fold and Thrust Belt in the Shakardarra Area (South Eastern Kohat, Pakistan)

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Hamid Hussain ◽  
Zhang Shuangxi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Strike Slip Fault ◽  
Thrust Faults ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Basal Detachment ◽  
Northern Segment

The Kohat fold and thrust belt, located in North-Western Pakistan, is a part of Lesser Himalaya developed due to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The structural evolution records of this area indicate that it consists of tight anticlines and broad syncline structures. Previous studies show that the structural pattern of this area has been produced due to multiple episodes of deformation. In the present research, 2D seismic data has been integrated with our field surveys to clarify the role of active strike-slip faulting in reshaping the surface structures of Shakardarra, Kohat. At the surface, doubly plunging anticlines and synclines are evolved on evaporites as detachment folds, truncated by thrust faults along their limbs. Seismic data show that the thrust faults originate from basal detachment located at the sedimentary-crystalline interface and either cut up section to the surface or lose their displacement to splay or back thrusts. At the surface, the Shakardarra Fault, the Tola Bangi Khel Fault, the Chorlaki Fault, and the axial trend of fold change their strike from EW to NS showing that the thrust and axial trend of folds are rotated along the vertical axis by the influence of the Kalabagh strike-slip fault. Strike-slip motion dominates the style of deformation at the northern segment. The current deformation is concentrated on the splay faults in the northern segment of the Kalabagh Fault. We propose that Shakardarra is sequentially evolved in three episodes of deformation. In the first phase, the detachment folds developed on Eocene evaporites, which are truncated by thrust faults originated from the basal detachment in the second phase. In the third phase, early formed folds and faults are rotated along the vertical axis by the influence of Kalabagh strike-slip fault.

scholarly journals Strike-slip reactivation of a Paleogene to Miocene fold and thrust belt along the central part of the Mid-Hungarian Shear Zone

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Palotai ◽  
László Csontos
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Clockwise Rotation ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Detailed Interpretation ◽  
3D Seismic Data

Strike-slip reactivation of a Paleogene to Miocene fold and thrust belt along the central part of the Mid-Hungarian Shear ZoneRecently shot 3D seismic data allowed for a detailed interpretation, aimed at the tectonic evolution of the central part of the Mid-Hungarian Shear Zone (MHZ). The MHZ acted as a NW vergent fold and thrust belt in the Late Oligocene. The intensity of shortening increased westwards, causing clockwise rotation of the western regions, relatively to the mildly deformed eastern areas. Blind thrusting and related folding in the MHZ continued in the Early Miocene. Thrusting and gentle folding in the MHZ partly continued in the earliest Pannonian, and was followed by sinistral movements in the whole MHZ, with maximal displacement along the Tóalmás zone. Late Pannonian inversion activated thrusts and generated transpressional movements along the Tóalmás zone.

KINEMATICS OF THE COLUMBIA HILLS ANTICLINE AND THE WARWICK STRIKE-SLIP FAULT, YAKIMA FOLD AND THRUST BELT, WASHINGTON, USA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle N. Woodring ◽  
◽  
Andrew Meigs ◽  
Marina Marcelli ◽  
Jim E. O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Strike Slip Fault ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt

Palaeostress analysis of Tertiary post-collisional structures in the Western Pontides, northern Turkey

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÜRSEL SUNAL ◽  
OKAN TÜYSÜZ
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Arc Magmatism ◽  
Thrust Faults ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Oceanic Spreading ◽  
Back Arc

Fingerprints of the opening of the Western Black Sea Basin and collision of Pontides and Sakarya Continent along the Intra-Pontide suture can be traced in the area between Cide (Kastamonu) and Kurucaşile (Bartin) in northern Turkey, along the southern coast of the Black Sea. The Western Black Sea Basin is an oceanic basin opened as a back-arc basin of the northward-subducting Intra-Pontide Ocean. Basement units related to this opening are represented by Lower Cretaceous and older units. The first arc magmatism related to this subduction began during Turonian times. Coeval with this magmatism, back-arc extension affected the region and caused development of horst-graben topography. This extensional period resulted in the break-up of continental crust and the oceanic spreading in the Western Black Sea Basin during Late Santonian times. During the Late Campanian–Early Maastrichtian period, the Sakarya Continent and Pontides collided and arc magmatism on the Pontides ended. After this collision, the Western Pontides thickened, imbricated and developed a mainly N-vergent foreland fold and thrust belt character since Late Eocene–Oligocene times. The palaeostress directions calculated from thrust faults of this foreland fold and thrust belt are 4.6°/156.6° for σ1, 6.4°/66.1° for σ2, and 83.2°/261.9° for σ3. The nature of the imbrication indicates that it was a northward prograding foreland system connected to a floor thrust (detachment) fault at the bottom. Field observations on curved slickenfibres support the theory that the thrust faults of this imbricated structure have transformed to oblique thrusts and strike-slip faults over time.

Structural evolution of the northeast Asian continental margin: an example from the western Koryak fold and thrust belt (northeast Russia)

1998 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREI K. KHUDOLEY ◽  
SERGEI D. SOKOLOV
Keyword(s):  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Northeast Russia ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Event Structures ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Metamorphic Terranes

The western Koryak fold and thrust belt consists of a set of tectonostratigraphic terranes that contain units ranging from Lower Palaeozoic to Cenozoic. Three deformational events have been identified in the study area. The first event structures are folds, domes and shear zones with related high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphism. These structures are early Carboniferous and are only recognized in the metamorphic terranes. The second event structures are imbricate fans of thrusts and folds with southeast vergence, broken formation and serpentinite mélange. These are latest Jurassic to early Cretaceous (early Albian) and occur throughout the study area. During this event, thrusting was accompanied by dextral strike-slip faulting. The second event structures are overlapped by the Upper Albian sedimentary rocks with an angular unconformity at the base. During metamorphism associated with the first and second deformational events, some of the rocks were metamorphosed to blueschist grade and were affected by strain with axial ratios of up to 15[ratio ]1. The third deformational event is characterized by significant sinistral strike-slip displacement at higher crustal levels. This resulted in a new set of structures and rotation of pre-existing structures. The age of the sinistral strike-slip faults is interpreted to be late Cretaceous to Cenozoic. The kinematics of the second and third deformational events correspond to assumed proto-Pacific plate motions based on palaeomagnetic data.

Spatio-temporal structural evolution of the Kohat fold and thrust belt of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 104310
Author(s):  
Humaad Ghani ◽  
Edward R. Sobel ◽  
Gerold Zeilinger ◽  
Johannes Glodny ◽  
Irum Irum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Combined Multiple Attenuation Methods and Geological Interpretation : Seram Sea Case Study 2D Marine Seismic Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tumpal Bernhard Nainggolan ◽  
Said Muhammad Rasidin ◽  
Imam Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Satisfactory Result ◽  
Radon Transform ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Predictive Deconvolution ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Marine Seismic

Multiple often and always appear in marine seismic data due to very high acoustic impedance contrasts. These events have undergone more than one reflection. This causes the signal to arrive back at the receiver at an erroneous time, which, in turn, causes false results and can result in data misinterpretation. Several types of multiple suppression have been studied in literature. Methods that attenuate multiples can be classified into three broad categories: deconvolution methods; filtering methods and wavefield prediction subtraction methods. The study area is situated on Seram Sea in between 131°15’E – 132°45’E and 3°0’S – 4°0’S, Seram Trough which is located beneath Seram Sea at northern part of the Banda-Arc – Australian collision zone and currently the site of contraction between Bird’s Head and Seram. This research uses predictive deconvolution and FK-filter to attenuate short period multiple from their move out, then continued by SRME method to predict multiple that cannot be attenuated from previous method, then followed by Radon transform to attenuate multiple that still left and cannot be attenuated by SRME method. The result of each method then compared to each other to see how well multiple attenuated. Predictive deconvolution and F-K filter could not give satisfactory result especially complex area where multiple in dipping event is not periodic, SRME method successfully attenuate multiple especially in near offset multiple without need subsurface information, while SRME method fails to attenuate long offset multiple, combination of SRME method and Radon transform can give satisfactory result with careful selection of the Radon transform parameters because it can obscure some primary reflectors. Based on geological interpretation, Seram Trough is built by dominant structural style of deposited fold and thrust belt. The deposited fold and thrust belt has a complexly fault geometry from western zone until eastern of seismic line.

Controls on the evolution of passive-margin salt basins: Structure and evolution of the Salina del Bravo region, northeastern Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 997-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Hudec ◽  
Tim P. Dooley ◽  
Frank J. Peel ◽  
Juan I. Soto
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Salt Tectonics ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Northeastern Mexico ◽  
Uplift History

Abstract Passive-margin salt basins tend to be much more deformed than their nonsalt equivalents, but they are by no means all the same. We used seismic data to study the Salina del Bravo region, northeast Mexico, to investigate the ways in which margin configuration and postsalt uplift history can influence passive-margin salt tectonics. The Salina del Bravo area contains four main structural systems, all of which trend NNE across the entire region. These structures are the Bravo trough, Sigsbee salt canopy, Perdido fold-and-thrust belt, and BAHA high. Gravity-driven deformation did not begin until more than 130 m.y. after salt deposition, because of buttressing against the BAHA high. We suggest that deformation was ultimately triggered in the Cenozoic by Cordilleran uplift that tilted the margin seaward and created a major sediment source terrane. Sediments shed from the uplift expelled salt seaward to form the Sigsbee canopy. At the same time, tilted and loaded sediments were translated seaward on the Louann salt until they were buttressed against the BAHA high, forming the Perdido fold-and-thrust belt. A physical model was built to test this hypothesis. The model was able to reproduce most of the major structures in the region, suggesting that the hypothesis is reasonable. The Salina del Bravo region shows how a downdip buttress can inhibit gravity-driven salt deformation in passive-margin salt basins. Furthermore, the area also shows the importance of postsalt uplift, which can destabilize a margin through a combination of tilting and sedimentation.

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