scholarly journals Cost and Effectiveness of Long-Term Care Following Integrated Discharge Planning: A Prospective Cohort Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Yu-Chun Wang ◽  
Wen-Ying Lee ◽  
Ming-Yueh Chou ◽  
Chih-Kuang Liang ◽  
Hsueh-Fen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Discharge Planning ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Seamless Transition

Little is known about the effects of seamless hospital discharge planning on long-term care (LTC) costs and effectiveness. This study evaluates the cost and effectiveness of the recently implemented policy from hospital to LTC between patients discharged under seamless transition and standard transition. A total of 49 elderly patients in the standard transition cohort and 119 in the seamless transition cohort were recruited from November 2016 to February 2018. Data collected from medical records included the Multimorbidity Frailty Index, Activities of Daily Living Scale, and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool during hospitalization. Multiple linear regression and Cox regression models were used to explore risk factors for medical resource utilization and medical outcomes. After adjustment for effective predictors, the seamless cohort had lower direct medical costs, a shorter length of stay, a higher survival rate, and a lower unplanned readmission rate compared to the standard cohort. However, only mean total direct medical costs during hospitalization and 6 months after discharge were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the seamless cohort (USD 6192) compared to the standard cohort (USD 8361). Additionally, the annual per-patient economic burden in the seamless cohort approximated USD 2.9–3.3 billion. Analysis of the economic burden of disability in the elderly population in Taiwan indicates that seamless transition planning can save approximately USD 3 billion in annual healthcare costs. Implementing this policy would achieve continuous improvement in LTC quality and reduce the financial burden of healthcare on the Taiwanese government.

scholarly journals Review on Pricing Models for Long-term Care Insurance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syakir Asrulsani ◽  
Mazlynda Md Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
Risk Protection ◽  
Care Costs

Funding for long-term care costs among elderly people is a critical matter, especially due to high costs and an unexpected length of time. Placement for long-term care that is funded under Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM) is very limited, hence, the next option is through private nursing homes. However, the cost could be up to RM 2,000 a month for each person. Therefore, Long- Term Care Insurance is an alternative to fund for Long-Term Care costs as it is expected to reduce financial burden during old age. It is a risk protection mechanism for an insured that needs health and financial protection when an individual is unable to do activities of daily living (ADL) or supports in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). This paper reviews three models that have been used in pricing long-term care insurance. All three models use the equivalent principle of premium to price the insurance policy. However, the probability and assumptions used for each model differ, depending on the insured's needs and profile.

scholarly journals Projection of Long-Term Care Costs in China, 2020–2050: Based on the Bayesian Quantile Regression Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocang Xu ◽  
Linhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Bayesian Quantile Regression ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantile Regression Method

The aging population in China highlights the significance of elderly long-term care (LTC) services. The number of people aged 65 and above increased from 96 million in 2003 to 150 million in 2016, some of whom were disabled due to chronic diseases or the natural effects of aging on bodily functions. Therefore, the measurement of future LTC costs is of crucial value. Following the basic framework but using different empirical methods from those presented in previous literature, this paper attempts to use the Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) method, which has many advantages over traditional linear regression. Another innovation consists of setting and measuring the high, middle, and low levels of LTC cost prediction for each disability state among the elderly in 2020–2050. Our projections suggest that by 2020, LTC costs will increase to median values of 39.46, 8.98, and 20.25 billion dollars for mild, moderate, and severe disabilities, respectively; these numbers will reach 141.7, 32.28, and 72.78 billion dollars by 2050. The median level of daily life care for mild, moderate, and severe disabilities will increase to 26.23, 6.36, and 27 billion dollars. Our results showed that future LTC cost increases will be enormous, and therefore, the establishment of a reasonable individual-social-government payment mechanism is necessary for the LTC system. The future design of an LTCI system must take into account a variety of factors, including the future elderly population, different care conditions, the financial burden of the government, etc., in order to maintain the sustainable development of the LTC system.

Economic burden of influenza-like illness in long-term-care facilities

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman V. Carroll ◽  
Jeffrey C. Delafuente ◽  
K. Lynn McClure ◽  
Diane F. Weakley ◽  
Zeba M. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Care Facilities

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE ON EQUITY AND EFFICIENCY: A CASE STUDY OF QINGDAO CITY IN CHINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S300-S300
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Shuang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Qingdao City ◽  
Insurance Model

Abstract The demand for equitable and efficient long-term care (LTC) has risen rapidly, and finding a suitable mechanism to finance LTC has become a pressing policy concern for many countries. A number of high income countries have chosen to use a social LTC insurance to fund the LTC system, but empirical assessments on such an insurance in low-and middle-income countries are limited. Using China as an example, this paper empirically assesses the performance of newly-piloted LTCNI by evaluating its impact on equity and efficiency in financing. We draw data from 47 in-depth interviews conducted with local government, care providers and family members of the LTCNI participants in Qingdao in 2016. We found that there remain sizable disparities in financial burden among LTCNI participants, despite of its emphasis on ensuring access to care based on people’s needs; care providers are incentivised to provide care at the least cost even this care is deemed as insufficient or inadequate due to fixed payment for their services. Our paper offers critical insights into the potential and challenges in applying LTC insurance model to a LMIC, where critical lessons can be drawn for public LTC insurance in other LMICs.

scholarly journals Cost of Care and Pattern of Medical Care Use in the Last Year of Life among Long-Term Care Insurance Beneficiaries in South Korea: Using National Claims Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9078
Author(s):  
Sunjoo Boo ◽  
Jungah Lee ◽  
Hyunjin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Medical Care Use ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
At Home

In Korea, a substantial proportion of long-term care insurance (LTCI) beneficiaries die within 1 year of seeking the benefit. This study was conducted to evaluate the pattern of medical care use and care cost during the last year of life among Korean LTCI beneficiaries between 2009 and 2013 using the national claims data. The National Health Insurance’s Senior (NHIS-Senior) cohort was used for this retrospective study. The participants were LTCI beneficiaries aged 65 or over as of 2008 who died between 2009 and 2013 (N = 30,433). Medical costs during the last year of life were highest for those who used both medical care services and long-term care (LTC) services and increased as death approached. About half of the participants were hospitalized at the time of death. The use of LTC services at the time of death increased from 13.0 to 22.8%, while those who died at home decreased from 34 to 20%. This study suggests that the use of LTC services did not reduce medical costs by substituting unnecessary inpatient hospitalization. Quality of dying should be considered one of the goals of older adult care, and provisions should be made for palliative care at home or LTC facilities.

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shunya Ikeda ◽  
Masaru Mimura ◽  
Manabu Ikeda ◽  
Kenji Wada-Isoe ◽  
Mie Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Informal Care Costs ◽  
Care Costs

Background: Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) is the leading cause of long-term care in Japan. Objective: This study estimates the annual healthcare and long-term care costs in fiscal year 2018 for adults over 65 years of age with ADD in Japan and the informal care costs and productivity loss for their families. Methods: Healthcare and long-term care costs for ADD were estimated according to the disease severity classified by the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score, using reports from a literature review. For the costs of time spent on caregiving activities, productivity loss for ADD family caregivers aged 20–69 and informal care costs for all ADD family caregivers were estimated. Results: The total healthcare cost of ADD was JPY 1,073 billion, of which 86% (JPY 923 billion) was attributed to healthcare costs other than ADD drug costs (JPY 151 billion). The healthcare costs other than ADD drug costs by severity were less than JPY 200 billion for CDR–0.5, CDR-1, and CDR-2, respectively, but increased to JPY 447 billion (48%) for CDR-3. The public long-term care costs were estimated to be JPY 4,783 billion, which increased according to the severity. Total productivity loss for ADD family caregivers aged 20–69 was JPY 1,547 billion and the informal care cost for all ADD family caregivers was JPY 6,772 billion. Conclusion: ADD costs have a significant impact on public-funded healthcare, long-term care systems, and families in Japan. To minimize the economic burden of ADD, prolonging healthy life expectancy is the key factor to address.

scholarly journals A Study on the Integration of Multiple Subjects in Financial Supply of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Long-term care

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 03047
Author(s):  
SU Bo ◽  
FENG Si-qi ◽  
GUAN Cui-ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
External Forces

China is a country with an aging population, and the social risks brought by the incapacitated elderly and demented elderly are constantly increasing. It is difficult for families to bear the financial burden of long-term care for the incapacitated elderly and demented elderly independently, so they must rely on external forces to provide financial support for long-term care. The advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment and rehabilitation of senile diseases are increasingly prominent, but there is still a lack of integration between Traditional Chinese Medicine services and long-term care of the elderly, which should guide social subjects to enter the field of long-term care of the elderly in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This paper analyzes the feasibility of “3+1” model in which multiple subjects, such as family, government, market, charity and public welfare organizations, share the financial burden of long-term care for the incapacitated elderly and demented elderly, and studies the construction of an effective financial supply integration mechanism.

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