scholarly journals Non-Invasive Investigation of Pigments of Wall Painting in S. Maria Delle Palate di Tusa (Messina, Italy)

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2398-2407
Author(s):  
Mollica Nardo ◽  
Renda ◽  
Bonanno ◽  
Parrotta ◽  
Anastasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The characterization of materials used in the archaeological field needs an experimental approach in order to avoid the destruction or perturbation of artworks. In order to afford this purpose, a multi-analytical spectroscopic approach is regularly used. We combined non-invasive analysis by using handheld spectroscopic instrumentations (mainly XRF and Raman spectrometers) in order to characterize the wall painting preserved in the church of S. Maria delle Palate at Halaesa Arconidea archeological site (Tusa, Messina, Italy). The aim of the work is the characterization of the nature of pigments used for the realization of the wall painting. The wall painting, probably representing St. Francis in the act of receiving the stigmata, has been subject to cleaning and restoration. Thanks to use of in situ measurement, we have identified hematite and goethite for the red and yellow respectively, and lazurite for the blue. In addition, some relevant information about the black pigment, the technique used for the realization and the conservation state were also obtained. The results obtained during the diagnostic campaign have been a support for the work of restorers. For the first time, the wall painting has been studied, increasing the knowledge of Halaesa Arconidea archaeological site.

scholarly journals An imaging and spectroscopic methodology for in situ analysis of ceiling and wall decorations in Colonial missions in Northern Mexico from XVII to XVIII centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Casanova-González ◽  
Miguel Ángel Maynez-Rojas ◽  
Alejandro Mitrani ◽  
Isaac Rangel-Chávez ◽  
María Angélica García-Bucio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Almost three hundred Spanish colonial missions—or their remains—are scattered over the vast state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. A few of them still display painted decorations on the wood ceilings and walls. The decorated areas vary greatly, from the whole ceiling of the main aisle to just a few square meters in a lateral chapel, and so does the conservation state of the paintings. In this context, the information regarding the paintings’ composition plays a key role in the restoration and conservation processes. For the gathering of such information, we propose a combined methodology for a fast, non-destructive and non-invasive characterization of such paintings with a minimum of techniques. This methodology includes false color infrared imaging as a first approach to determine the composition of large areas of the paintings and the homogeneity of the materials used in the painted areas, followed by small area analysis by X-ray fluorescence and fiber-optics reflectance spectroscopy. This methodology was applied to characterize the elemental and molecular composition of the decorations for four missions in Chihuahua in a fast and specific manner, revealing the use of a mix of mineral and organic materials including indigo and cochineal, and detecting differences between the missions. The methodology presented here can be easily applied for the study of a wider number of missions in Chihuahua and other regions to provide outstanding information of materials, pictorial techniques and deterioration conditions.

scholarly journals The Characterization of the Materials Used by Gino Severini in His 20th C Wall Paintings at Semsales in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9161
Author(s):  
Patrizia Moretti ◽  
Stefan Zumbühl ◽  
Ottaviano Caruso ◽  
Nicola Gammaldi ◽  
Paola Iazurlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Glue ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Representative Samples

The modern decoration of the Saint Nicolas de Myre Church at Semsales (1924–1926), is the first by renowned Italian artist Gino Severini in Switzerland. Following archival research and visual examination, the materials and the techniques used by Severini for the wall paintings of this church were examined through a multi-technique analytical approach that included both non-invasive and invasive investigations. Archival research revealed lists of some of the materials purchased for the church and notes of the artists. In situ investigations included imaging methods and point analyses (X-ray fluorescence and reflection FT-IR spectroscopy). Based on non-invasive results, a limited number of representative samples were collected for laboratory invasive analyses (SEM-EDS, FTIR-FPA imaging, μ-Raman and GC-MS) to characterize the stratigraphy and the composition of the paintings. Results were coherent with artist’s notes and revealed protein-based binders, i.e. animal glue and casein, exclusively on the Trinity mural (in the apse) confirming the use of a secco technique. All the other wall paintings analyzed at Semsales are painted without the use of organic binders. These findings, integrated with archival researches and the visual examination by conservators, provided significant insights into the materials and techniques used by Gino Severini in his first Swiss murals.

scholarly journals Mortars from the Palace of Knossos in Crete, Greece: A Multi-Analytical Approach

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Sousa ◽  
Nuno Leal ◽  
Joaquim Simão ◽  
Elissavet Kavoulaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Materials Used

The study of building materials constituting cultural heritage is fundamental to understand their characteristics and predict their behavior. When considering materials from archaeological sites, their characterization can provide not only relevant information for a broader understanding of the site and its importance and significance but can also increase knowledge about ancient materials and their performance. The Palace of Knossos is a very important archaeological site in the European history context, and its preservation benefits from the characterization of the constituent materials. Samples of mortars from this monument were collected under the scope of the H2020 HERACLES project, where a multi-analytical approach was chosen using established protocols for the different sample typologies. Instrumental techniques such as optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) were used for the chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterization of these mortar samples. The results indicate that the majority are lime mortars, both aerial and hydraulic, but gypsum-based mortars were also identified. Differences in the chemical composition of the samples in distinct areas of the monument allowed us to reflect on the variety of materials used in the construction of the Palace of Knossos.

scholarly journals Characterization of materials used for earth architecture in Eastern Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1209 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
A Perić
Keyword(s):  
National Standard ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Earth Structures ◽  
Earthen Architecture ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

Abstract Even though earthen architecture is recognized as cultural heritage in Croatia, most of existing buildings are in deteriorated and heavily damaged state. Until today, there has been no conducted research on earthen architecture in Croatia, nor was any preservation act proclaimed. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to learn more about behaviour of traditional earthen architecture to highlight the importance of sustainable building. For that purpose, earthen houses in Eastern Croatia, mainly Slavonia and Baranja area, were studied and in-situ samples were collected. In order to learn about characteristics and composition of mixtures, five samples were tested. Results gathered within this research will be the first step towards creation of national standard for designing rammed earth structures. In scope of future research, authors are planning to use verified recipe in making of walls that will be tested for seismic resistance.

scholarly journals Analysis and characterization of materials used in heritage theatrical figurines

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Gong ◽  
Chengquan Qiao ◽  
Bochao Zhong ◽  
Jiarang Zhong ◽  
Decai Gong
Keyword(s):  
Materials Used ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

scholarly journals Characterization of Materials Used as Face Coverings for Respiratory Protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chavis A. Stackhouse ◽  
Shan Yan ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Kim Kisslinger ◽  
Ryan Tappero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

scholarly journals X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of a Gold Ibex and other Artifacts from Akrotiri

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Karydas ◽  
T. Pantazis ◽  
C. Doumas ◽  
A. Vlachopoulos ◽  
P. Nomikos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soldering Technology ◽  
Excavation Area

In-situ X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) of ancient artifacts from the excavation area was performed using a novel X-ray instrumentation, composed of a portable silicon PIN thermoelectrically cooled X-ray detector, a miniature X-ray source, and portable data acquisition devices. The main objective of the analyses in Akrotiri was to explore the potential of the technique to provide answers to a wide range of archaeometric questions regarding the bulk composition of metal alloys, especially of gold, the characterization of corrosion products in bronze artifacts, identification of inorganic elements which are fingerprints of the minerals used in wall-painting pigments, and of the painting materials and techniques used for the decoration of clay vase surfaces. Among the analysed artifacts are a unique gold ibex, a bronze dagger and blade, various pigments from the wall paintings of room 3 in Xeste 3, decoration pigments from rosettes of faience, a bichrome jug, and other clay vases. The results of the in-situ XRF survey, primarily those of the bulk composition and soldering technology of the gold ibex, are discussed and compared with literature.

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