scholarly journals An imaging and spectroscopic methodology for in situ analysis of ceiling and wall decorations in Colonial missions in Northern Mexico from XVII to XVIII centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Casanova-González ◽  
Miguel Ángel Maynez-Rojas ◽  
Alejandro Mitrani ◽  
Isaac Rangel-Chávez ◽  
María Angélica García-Bucio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Almost three hundred Spanish colonial missions—or their remains—are scattered over the vast state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. A few of them still display painted decorations on the wood ceilings and walls. The decorated areas vary greatly, from the whole ceiling of the main aisle to just a few square meters in a lateral chapel, and so does the conservation state of the paintings. In this context, the information regarding the paintings’ composition plays a key role in the restoration and conservation processes. For the gathering of such information, we propose a combined methodology for a fast, non-destructive and non-invasive characterization of such paintings with a minimum of techniques. This methodology includes false color infrared imaging as a first approach to determine the composition of large areas of the paintings and the homogeneity of the materials used in the painted areas, followed by small area analysis by X-ray fluorescence and fiber-optics reflectance spectroscopy. This methodology was applied to characterize the elemental and molecular composition of the decorations for four missions in Chihuahua in a fast and specific manner, revealing the use of a mix of mineral and organic materials including indigo and cochineal, and detecting differences between the missions. The methodology presented here can be easily applied for the study of a wider number of missions in Chihuahua and other regions to provide outstanding information of materials, pictorial techniques and deterioration conditions.

scholarly journals Analytical Approach for the Study of Teotihuacan Mural Paintings from the Techinantitla Complex

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
José Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil ◽  
Luis Barba ◽  
Edgar Casanova-González ◽  
Alejandro Mitrani ◽  
Margarita Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 1960S

Techinantitla building complex, in the Amanalco neighborhood of the ancient city of Teotihuacan, is famous for the iconography and quality of the mural paintings found in this site. A significant part of this heritage has been lost due to looting. In recent years, an interdisciplinary research project was developed to study the limited patrimony that was left. As part of this study, we first employed geophysical techniques to reconstruct the architectural pattern of the compound’s remaining walls, where other paintings may still be found. Then, we applied a non-invasive methodology to characterize a large set of fragments recovered in the 1980s and to gain information on their pigments and manufacturing techniques. This methodology included False Color Infrared Imaging, X-ray Fluorescence and Fiber-Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy, and led to the identification of hematite, calcite, malachite, azurite and an unidentified blue pigment. The results were compared with a previous study performed on a set of Techinantitla mural paintings looted in the 1960s. A broader comparison with contemporary mural paintings from other Teotihuacan complexes shows good agreement in the materials used. These results may suggest a standardization in the making of Teotihuacan mural painting during the Xolapan period (350 to 550 AD).

scholarly journals The Characterization of the Materials Used by Gino Severini in His 20th C Wall Paintings at Semsales in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9161
Author(s):  
Patrizia Moretti ◽  
Stefan Zumbühl ◽  
Ottaviano Caruso ◽  
Nicola Gammaldi ◽  
Paola Iazurlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Glue ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Representative Samples

The modern decoration of the Saint Nicolas de Myre Church at Semsales (1924–1926), is the first by renowned Italian artist Gino Severini in Switzerland. Following archival research and visual examination, the materials and the techniques used by Severini for the wall paintings of this church were examined through a multi-technique analytical approach that included both non-invasive and invasive investigations. Archival research revealed lists of some of the materials purchased for the church and notes of the artists. In situ investigations included imaging methods and point analyses (X-ray fluorescence and reflection FT-IR spectroscopy). Based on non-invasive results, a limited number of representative samples were collected for laboratory invasive analyses (SEM-EDS, FTIR-FPA imaging, μ-Raman and GC-MS) to characterize the stratigraphy and the composition of the paintings. Results were coherent with artist’s notes and revealed protein-based binders, i.e. animal glue and casein, exclusively on the Trinity mural (in the apse) confirming the use of a secco technique. All the other wall paintings analyzed at Semsales are painted without the use of organic binders. These findings, integrated with archival researches and the visual examination by conservators, provided significant insights into the materials and techniques used by Gino Severini in his first Swiss murals.

Characterization of the new mobile confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (CXRF) system for in situ non-destructive cultural heritage analysis at the CNA: μXRF-CONCHA

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilian Laclavetine ◽  
Francisco J. Ager ◽  
Joaquin Arquillo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Respaldiza ◽  
Simona Scrivano
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Investigation of glazed pottery fragments (XIX century A. D.) from Agsu site (Azerbaijan) by XRF and Raman techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 00012
Author(s):  
Valentina Venuti ◽  
Vincenza Crupi ◽  
Barbara Fazio ◽  
Giuseppe Paladini ◽  
Mauro Francesco La Russa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Portable Instrument ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Non Destructive

In this study a multi-technique analysis was performed on the decorated surfaces of four ancient pottery fragments dated back XIX century A.D. withdrawn from the archaeological site of the medieval Agsu town, in Azerbaijan. During the last decade, the site underwent to an extensively archaeometric investigation by means of different non-destructive, or micro-destructive, techniques. In this work we focused our attention on the characterization of the pigmenting agents and glazes at different spatial scales from elemental to microscopic domain by using portable and not-portable equipments. In particular, the elemental and molecular compositions were successfully determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. On one side, data deriving from portable instrument were compared with those previously obtained from not-portable approach, in view of future in situ investigations. On the other side, the overall obtained results appear crucial for the reconstruction of the production technology used by craftsman of the past.

scholarly journals Integrated analytical approach to unveil the secrets of the recently discovered “Sphinx Room”: a new piece of Domus Aurea puzzle.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Caggiani ◽  
Alessia Coccato ◽  
Paolo Mazzoleni ◽  
Alessandro D’Alessio ◽  
Alfonsina Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
In Situ Raman ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Methodological Strategy

Abstract The recent discovery of the Sphinx Room, belonging to the Domus Aurea Esquiline wing, thanks to the framework given by the project “Non-destructive analytical studies at Parco Archeologico del Colosseo (Rome, Italy)”, allowed to perform an analytical campaign, both in situ and on micro-fragments. The first aim was the archaeometrical characterisation of the painting materials. In fact, the analytical information on the wall decorations contributes to the overall comprehension of this extraordinary imperial architecture, and allows to contextualize the newly-discovered room inside the Domus Aurea complex. Moreover, further knowledge on the painting technique is achieved, which is of relevance for the general understanding of Roman mural decorations. The palette, composed of Egyptian blue, green earths, iron- and lead-based red, orange and yellow, calcite, carbon black, allowed to compare the Sphinx Room to Corridor 92 and Room 114 of Domus Aurea and to other sites in Rome. Furthermore, the employ of an organic binder in some spots can be put forward based on spectroscopic results, which does not exclude a wider use of the a fresco. Furthermore, a complementary methodological strategy was designed, in order to achieve a complete characterization of the materials. In addition to the well-known combination of in situ Raman and X-ray fluorescence analyses, Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy was used, both in situ (Diffuse Reflectance) and in the lab (Attenuated Total Reflectance). The results confirm the suitability of this approach for the characterization of Roman wall paintings, where both inorganic and organic materials are simultaneously present.

scholarly journals Integrated analytical approach to unveil the secrets of the recently discovered “Sphinx Room”: a new piece of Domus Aurea puzzle.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Caggiani ◽  
Alessia Coccato ◽  
Paolo Mazzoleni ◽  
Alessandro D’Alessio ◽  
Alfonsina Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Methodological Strategy

Abstract The recent discovery of the Sphynx Room, belonging to the Domus Aurea Esquiline wing, thanks to the framework given by the project “Non-destructive analytical studies at Parco Archeologico del Colosseo (Rome, Italy)”, allowed to perform an analytical campaign, both in situ and on micro-fragments. The first aim was to contribute to the overall comprehension of the Domus Aurea complex and to contextualize the newly-discovered room inside this extraordinary imperial architecture by means of an archaeometrical characterisation of the painting materials. The palette, composed of Egyptian blue, green earths, iron- and lead-based red, orange and yellow, calcite, carbon-based black, allowed to compare the Sphynx Room to Corridor 92 and Room 114 of Domus Aurea and to other sites in Rome. Furthermore, the employ of an organic binder in some spots can be put forward based on spectroscopic results, which does not exclude a wider use of the a fresco.Furthermore, a complementary methodological strategy was designed, in order to achieve a complete characterization of the materials. In addition to the well-known combination of portable X-ray fluorescence and portable/laboratory Raman analyses, Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy was used, both in situ (Diffuse Reflectance) and in the lab (Attenuated Total Reflectance). The results confirm the suitability of this approach for the characterization of Roman wall paintings, where both inorganic and organic materials are simultaneously present.

scholarly journals Review—Multiscale Characterization of Li-Ion Batteries through the Combined Use of Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray Microscopy and Considerations for a Correlative Analysis of the Reviewed Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Dini ◽  
Flavio Cognigni ◽  
Daniele Passeri ◽  
Francesca Anna Scaramuzzo ◽  
Mauro Pasquali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The present review analyses the recent literature on the combined use of X-ray microscopy (XRM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for multiscale characterization of Li+ (or Li) batteries (LiBs) with the aim of developing guidelines for correlative analysis. The usefulness of XRM resides in the capability of affording non invasively in situ images of the inner parts of a LiB (an encapsulated device) with spatial resolution of dozens of nm during operation. XRM is non destructive and affords the early diagnosis of LiBs degradation causes when these manifest themselves as microdeformations. Multiscale characterization of LiBs also requires AFM for visualizing the morphological/physical alterations of LiB components (anodes, cathodes, electrolyte) at the sub-nanometer level. Different to XRM, AFM necessitates of a modification of LiB working configuration since AFM uses a contacting probe whereas XRM exploits radiation-matter interactions and does not require LiB dissection. A description of the working principles of the two techniques is provided to evidence which technical aspects have to be considered for achieving a meaningful correlative analysis of LiBs. In delineating new perspectives for the analysis of LiBs we will consider additional complementary techniques. Among various AFM-based techniques particular emphasis is given to electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM).

Analysis of mordants, driers, and lapis lazuli using x-ray fluorescence: comparative research using reconstructed paint samples and case studies

Secreta Artis ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Brian Baade ◽  
Kristin DeGhetaldi ◽  
Alyssa Rina
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Paint Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Paint Films ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Lapis Lazuli

Changes in the formulation of pigments and paint binders and the presence of additives used in the history of painting can complicate the interpretation of analytical data and may influence the characterization of the materials used in artworks. The limitations of the common analytical tools used to identify potential paint components including metallic driers, pigments, and the inorganic substrates of lake colors may also make analysis more difficult. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a common non-destructive technique used to collect inorganic elemental information from artworks. Advancements in XRF technology now permit the gathering of data from multi-layered paint systems and scanning technology can help characterize pigments across the entire surface of an artwork. These tools require an even greater understanding of the potential materials in an artwork to avoid misinterpretation of the data. The authors tested XRF’s ability to characterize lead, manganese, and cobalt driers. The presence of metallic driers could have an impact on the interpretation of the inorganic components in paint films. Lake pigment substrates often contain aluminum, tin, and calcium salts. The detection of these ions was also studied. Finally, the XRF detection of aluminum in lapis lazuli samples was assessed. These three groups of materials were also mixed with driers and/or other pigments to determine whether the presence of additional metal ions inhibited the detection of the characteristic elements. The authors used a Bruker ArtTax Micro XRF and a handheld Bruker Tracer III-SD XRF unit with and without a vacuum or helium purge for these experiments.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Investigation of Pigments of Wall Painting in S. Maria Delle Palate di Tusa (Messina, Italy)

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2398-2407
Author(s):  
Mollica Nardo ◽  
Renda ◽  
Bonanno ◽  
Parrotta ◽  
Anastasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The characterization of materials used in the archaeological field needs an experimental approach in order to avoid the destruction or perturbation of artworks. In order to afford this purpose, a multi-analytical spectroscopic approach is regularly used. We combined non-invasive analysis by using handheld spectroscopic instrumentations (mainly XRF and Raman spectrometers) in order to characterize the wall painting preserved in the church of S. Maria delle Palate at Halaesa Arconidea archeological site (Tusa, Messina, Italy). The aim of the work is the characterization of the nature of pigments used for the realization of the wall painting. The wall painting, probably representing St. Francis in the act of receiving the stigmata, has been subject to cleaning and restoration. Thanks to use of in situ measurement, we have identified hematite and goethite for the red and yellow respectively, and lazurite for the blue. In addition, some relevant information about the black pigment, the technique used for the realization and the conservation state were also obtained. The results obtained during the diagnostic campaign have been a support for the work of restorers. For the first time, the wall painting has been studied, increasing the knowledge of Halaesa Arconidea archaeological site.

scholarly journals Integrated analytical approach to unveil the secrets of the recently discovered “Sphinx Room”: a new piece of Domus Aurea puzzle

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Caggiani ◽  
Alessia Coccato ◽  
Paolo Mazzoleni ◽  
Alessandro D’Alessio ◽  
Alfonsina Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Methodological Strategy

AbstractThe recent discovery of the Sphinx Room, belonging to the Domus Aurea Esquiline wing, thanks to the framework given by the project “Non-destructive analytical studies at Parco Archeologico del Colosseo (Rome, Italy)”, allowed to perform an analytical campaign, both in situ and on micro-fragments. The first aim was to contribute to the overall comprehension of the Domus Aurea complex and to contextualize the newly-discovered room inside this extraordinary imperial architecture by means of an archaeometrical characterisation of the painting materials. The palette, composed of Egyptian blue, green earths, iron- and lead-based red, orange and yellow, calcite, carbon-based black, allowed to compare the Sphinx Room to Corridor 92 and Room 114 of Domus Aurea and to other sites in Rome. Furthermore, the employ of an organic binder in some spots can be put forward based on spectroscopic results, which does not exclude a wider use of the a fresco. Furthermore, a complementary methodological strategy was designed, in order to achieve a complete characterization of the materials. In addition to the well-known combination of portable X-ray fluorescence and portable/laboratory Raman analyses, Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy was used, both in situ (Diffuse Reflectance) and in the lab (Attenuated Total Reflectance). The results confirm the suitability of this approach for the characterization of Roman wall paintings, where both inorganic and organic materials are simultaneously present.

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