scholarly journals Vineyard Fertilization Management for Iron Deficiency and Chlorosis Prevention on Carbonate Soil

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zebec ◽  
Miroslav Lisjak ◽  
Jurica Jović ◽  
Toni Kujundžić ◽  
Domagoj Rastija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Carbonate Soil

Nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in grapevine production is an important objective for solving the trade-off between improving yield and quality in agroecosystems and reducing environmental impacts. Influence of soil nitrogen fertilization and Fe foliar application on iron dynamics in soil and grapevine leaves of the ‘Graševina’ cultivar on carbonate soil was conducted in a two-year study in 2018 and 2019. The experiment was settled in three replicates on a total of seven fertilization treatments that differed in used form of nitrogen fertilizer and foliar application of Fe before and after the flowering of the grapevine: control (C); calcium ammonium nitrate (KAN); calcium ammonium nitrate + foliar Fe (KAN+F); ammonium sulfate (AS); ammonium sulfate + foliar Fe (AS+F); ammonium sulfonitrate + foliar Fe (ASN+F); urea + foliar Fe (U+F). Mineral fertilization with acid-forming nitrogen fertilizers (AS and ASN) significantly affected local acidification of alkaline soil, i.e., reducing the actual and exchangeable soil pH reaction, which resulted in increased soil Fe availability. Despite the increase in soil iron availability, no increased iron bioaccumulation in the grapevine leaves was found in the flowering and veraison stages at treatments where foliar fertilization was omitted. Of all the observed treatments, only foliar fertilization had a positive effect on iron concentration in the grapevine leaves, which leads to the conclusion that this is an effective way to solve iron deficiency symptoms and chlorosis occurrence. The use of mineral fertilizers with acid-forming nitrogen fertilizers for many years can result in a reduction of required foliar treatments and thus significantly affect the ecological and economic aspects of grape production. Thus, integrated iron management is needed to meet the needs of the grapevine for this micronutrient and to reduce the occurrence of leaf chlorosis in carbonate soil.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Soil Nitrogen Balance of Different N Fertilizers for Top Dressing Rye as Energy Crop for Electricity Generation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Carlos Martín Sastre ◽  
Ruth Barro ◽  
Yolanda González-Arechavala ◽  
Ana Santos-Montes ◽  
Pilar Ciria
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Ghg Savings

Nitrogen fertilizers have been identified in energy crops LCAs as the main contributors to global warming, as well as to many other environmental impacts. The distinct production process and application emissions of nitrogen fertilizer types for top dressing produce different GHG savings when energy crops value chains are compared to fossil energy alternatives. In this study, three types of fertilizers (calcium ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate) at N top dressing rates of 80 kg N/ha are used to grow rye for electricity generation under the conditions of the Continental Mediterranean climate of central-northern Spain. Complete LCAs for the whole value chain based on real data were performed in conjunction with soil nitrogen balances (SNBs) to assess the accomplishment of European Union (EU) GHG savings sustainability criteria, as well as the sustainability of fertilization practices for soil nitrogen stocks. The results obtained can provide interesting insights for policy making, since calcium ammonium nitrate, the most common fertilizer for rye crops, led to 66% GHG savings, as opposed to the 69% achieved when applying urea and 77% when ammonium sulphate was used. Nevertheless, the three fertilizers produced annual soil deficits greater than 50 kg N/ha. In order to ensure savings above 80%, as required by the EU sustainability criteria, and sustainable SNBs, additional optimization measures should be taken at key points of the value chain.

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana). I. Cheminement des engrais dans le sol

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Coated Urea

Six nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate) were individually applied, either in fall or in spring, at a rate of 224 kg N/ha and compared for nitrogen retention in the different horizons of a podzol under jack pine. Despite its susceptibility to nitrogen losses through ammonia volatilization, urea was by far, among readily available nitrogen fertilizers, the one whose nitrogen is best retained in soil surface horizons. Retention varied with weather conditions that prevailed immediately after fertilizer application. With the other fertilizers used, nitrogen retention followed this order: ammonium sulfate > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate. After four seasons, about 50% of the nitrogen applied as sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde was still found in its original form. Ammonium sulfate is next to urea among the recommended nitrogen sources for similar jack pine sites, considering that fertilizers with nitrate are prone to leaching and the sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde used presented problems of nitrogen availability.

VARIOUS FORMS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER FOR BROMEGRASS ON A SOLONETZ SOIL

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solonetz Soil

Ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and urea, applied to provide nitrogen at a rate of 112 kg/ha annually, were compared as fertilizers for bromegrass on a Solonetz soil. All were equally effective in increasing yield except in the drought year, 1966, when urea was less effective than the others. About 45% of the nitrogen applied as urea was recovered in the crop, compared with over 55% from the other forms. This difference was most pronounced in the driest year. The reduction in soil pH from 5.3 to 4.0 with the use of ammonium sulfate indicated that this was an undesirable source of nitrogen for these soils that are already high in sulfur. Nitrate levels in the crops were highest in the years of adequate rainfall and were generally increased about equally by each fertilizer. However, all crops contained well below recognized toxic levels.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Liquid Urea-triazone-based Nitrogen Fertilizers and Crop Safety

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Clapp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Commercial Grower

Urea-triazone-based nitrogen (N) solutions were evaluated for potential leaf injury on agronomic and horticultural crops at 61 commercial grower sites throughout the United States. Poliar spray solutions containing triazone N were used at concentrations ranging from 1.5% to 15.7%. Safe N concentrations for urea-triazone-based N products ranged from 1.5% for crops such as sweet corn, apple, cherry, and pear, and up to 15.7% for nursery root stocks. Urea-triazone-based N solutions were found to be much safer on crop foliage than ammonium-, nitrate-, and/or all urea-based foliar fertilizer products than reported in the literature.

Comparison of the efficiencies of several nitrogen fertilizers applied to pasture in autumn and winter

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Made In

A comparison was made of the responses to, and nitrogen recoveries from, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, and urea when broadcast on a ryegrass sward in a favourable growing season. A second comparison was made, in a drier season on the same sward, between ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, urea, calcium ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate. In both comparisons urea was an inefficient source of nitrogen, but its efficiency depended on the time of application. Differences in the rainfall shortly after application probably caused this variation in efficiency, by affecting the amounts of ammonia lost to the atmosphere. With sources other than urea, variation in the length of time during which the fertilizer remained at the soil surface, awaiting effective rainfall and plant uptake, had little effect on the final recovery of nitrogen. Ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate showed similar efficiencies during the relatively dry season in which they were compared. Sodium nitrate was the most efficient source in both seasons.

Effect of successive cropping with nitrogenous fertilizers on wheat yields

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (77) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
WJ Toms
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Yield Decline

Wheat was grown for twelve successive years at three sites with five rates of nitrogen either as calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate or urea applied each year to the same plots. There was a long term yield decline, with and without nitrogen, on the site at Wongan Hills, but not at Merredin or Beverley. At each of the three sites there was no indication of a need for higher rates of nitrogen fertilizers with time to maintain yields. At Wongan Hills and Merredin, yields were depressed in most years when the highest rate of ammonium sulphate was used each year. Grain protein contents were low and did not decrease with time.

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana) II. Variations de la masse foliaire et des éléments nutritifs du feuillage de pin gris et de quelques espèces du sous-bois

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

Fall or spring applications of six different nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and calcium nitrate) at a rate of 224 kg N/ha in an 18-year-old jack pine stand induced a very rapid increase of nitrogen concentration in current year and 1-year-old needles, as well as in weight of current year needles. In the latter, nitrogen content (concentration × weight) increased more than 100% the 1st year following fertilization in the ammonium sulfate and the ammonium nitrate treatments applied in spring. Response did not last more than 2 years. Foliar analysis of other elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn) revealed a reduction of P concentration in the needles sampled the first fall after treatment together with a reduction of Ca and Mn in the current foliage of the second and third seasons after treatment. Changes in nitrogen concentration in Kalmiaangustifolia L. and particularly in Solidagopuberula Nutt. were in good correlation with those observed in jack pine needles.

scholarly journals Ammonia and carbon dioxide emissions by stabilized conventional nitrogen fertilizers and controlled release in corn crop

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Lima de Souza ◽  
Douglas Ramos Guelfi ◽  
André Leite Silva ◽  
André Baldansi Andrade ◽  
Wantuir Filipe Teixeira Chagas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Corn Crop

ABSTRACT The market of stabilized, slow and controlled release nitrogen (N) fertilizers represents 1% of the world fertilizer consumption. On the other hand, the increase in availability, innovation and application of these technologies could lead to the improvement of N use efficiency in agroecossystems and to the reduction of environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to quantify agronomic efficiency relative index, ammonia volatilization, and CO2 emissions from conventional, stabilized and controlled release N fertilizers in corn summer crop. The experiment was carried out in a corn crop area located in Lavras, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, without irrigation. All treatments were applied in topdressing at rate of 150 kg ha-1 N. N-NH3 losses from N fertilizers were: Granular urea (39% of the applied N ) = prilled urea (38%) > urea coated with 16% S0 (32%) = blend of urea + 7.9% S0 + polymers + conventional urea (32%) > prilled urea incorporated at 0.02 m depth (24%) > urea + 530 mg kg-1 of NBPT (8%) = Hydrolyzed leather (9%) > urea + thermoplastic resin (3%) = ammonium sulfate (1%) = ammonium nitrate (0.7%). Thermoplastic resin coated urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate presented low values of cumulative CO2 emissions in corn crop. On the other hand, hydrolyzed leather promoted greater C-CO2 emission, when compared with other nitrogen fertilizers.

scholarly journals Kinetics of calcium Cyanamid obtaining process from lime, carbon dioxide and ammonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
O.Kh. Panjiev ◽  
A.Kh.Panzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Kinetics Of

In Uzbekistan, the main range of nitrogen fertilizers produced is ammonium nitrate, carbamide and ammonium sulfate, the use of which has led to acidification of millions of hectares of land for many years, which negatively affects the receipt of high yields of agricultural crops

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilizer form and foliar application on the concentrations of twenty-five elements in carrot

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwester Smoleń ◽  
Włodzimierz Sady
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Abstract Among all elements taken into consideration in this research (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Ga, In, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti and V), only the concentration of Na in the ‘Kazan F1’ carrot was affected by the interaction of foliar application and nitrogen fertilization. In the case of plants fertilized by Ca(NO3)2, foliar application significantly raised Na concentration in storage roots. Compared to the control, all applied nitrogen fertilizers (results analysed independently from the foliar application factor) increased concentrations of Mg and Se in carrot. Fertilization with (NH4)2SO4 resulted in a decrease of Ba and Mo concentrations and an increase of Mn concentration, while fertilization with Ca(NO3)2 raised the contents of Sr and Be in carrot. Foliar application (analysed independently from nitrogen fertilization) considerably increased Bi and Be concentrations, yet it did not affect the contents of other elements in storage roots.

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