scholarly journals Side Effects Following Administration of the First Dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca’s Covishield Vaccine in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-901
Author(s):  
Nishat Jahan ◽  
Fahad Imtiaz Rahman ◽  
Poushali Saha ◽  
Sadia Afruz Ether ◽  
ASM Roknuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Larger Sample

In response to the raging COVID-19 pandemic, Bangladesh started its vaccine administration in early 2021; however, due to the rapid development and launch of the vaccines in the market, many people had concerns regarding the safety of these vaccines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the side effects that were experienced by the Bangladeshi residents after receiving the first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca’s Covishield vaccine (ChAdOx1nCoV-19). The study was conducted using both online and printed questionnaires and the data were analysed using SPSS. The results included the responses of 474 vaccine recipients from March–April 2021. Pain at the site of injection, fever, myalgia, fatigue and headache were the most commonly reported symptoms, and the overall side effects were found to be significantly more prevalent in the younger population (p ≤ 0.05). These findings were consistent with the results indicated by the clinical trial of ChAdOx1nCoV-19. Logistic regression analysis further revealed that compared to people aged 70 years or above, the incidence of reported side effects was significantly higher in people aged 18–30 years (odds ratio (OR) = 8.56), 31–40 years, (OR = 5.05), 41–50 years (OR = 4.08), 51–60 years (OR = 3.77) and 61–70 years (OR = 3.67). In addition, a significantly higher percentage of female participants suffered from post-vaccination side effects compared to males (OR = 1.51). It was concluded that the Covishield vaccine was well-tolerated among people of different age groups. Nevertheless, further long-term follow-up study with a larger sample size is warranted to establish the long-term safety of the COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of interdigital infections of toe web spaces in Shanghai, China: Etiology, risk factors, and therapeutic approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Siyue Kan ◽  
Xiaoping Liu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Abstract Background Interdigital infections are frequently misdiagnosed as tinea pedis and remain intractable to treatments because of high recurrence rates and potential complications. We aimed to understand the epidemiology of interdigital infections in Shanghai, China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at Shanghai Dermatology Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019, enrolling 57 patients with acute interdigital inflammation. Patients received antibiotic therapy and underwent long-term follow-up. Clinical features and medical histories, including blood, bacterial, and mycologic examination results, cultures and drug susceptibility test results, and follow-up data were analyzed for pathogenic agents. Results We found Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40.35%), Staphylococcus aureus (36.84%), and other bacteria (22.8%). Compared to other bacteria, P. aeruginosa interdigital infection were more inclined to co-infect with fungal agents. Further, P. aeruginosa interdigital infections were frequently seen in the spring and autumn and in patients aged 60–69 years. However, interdigital infections caused by S. aureus occurred more frequently in the summer and in patients aged 31–40 years. We found that levofloxacin had excellent therapeutic effects. Conclusion Our findings may inform treatment and diagnostic guidelines and, subsequently, help reduce the rate of recurrence and improve patient outcomes following interdigital infections.

Cognitive Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (524) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Jambor
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

In previous studies the estimation of the incidence of intellectual changes in multiple sclerosis has varied from as low as 2 per cent. (Cottrell and Wilson, 1926) to as high as 72 per cent. (Ombredane, 1929). In order to establish the incidence accurately, the most satisfactory method would clearly be a long-term follow-up (covering lifetime) of a sample of multiple sclerosis patients. Any cross-sectional study would include patients in varying degrees of advancement of the disease, and patients found to be free of intellectual deficits at the time of investigation would not necessarily remain so. Also, the indirect psychometric assessment of intellectual loss is notoriously difficult, and the direct method of follow-up would give much more accurate results. The only direct study up to date has been that of Canter (1951), who found a highly significant (i.e. 13·48 points) loss on re-testing multiple sclerosis patients on the Army General Classification Test after a four-year period. Even after such a short period as six months he found slight losses on most Wechsler-Bellevue subtests, in contrast to an average gain of six full IQ points of the control group.

scholarly journals Ocular characteristics in 10 children with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: a cross-sectional study with long-term follow-up

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Teär Fahnehjelm ◽  
Gerd Holmström ◽  
Liu Ying ◽  
Charlotte Bieneck Haglind ◽  
Anna Nordenström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Hydroxyacyl Coa Dehydrogenase ◽  
Long Chain
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