Correction: Marcheggiani, S.; et al. Detection of Emerging and Re-Emerging Pathogens in Surface Waters Close to an Urban Area.  Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 5505–5527

Background: New York City is a gateway for emerging pathogens and global threats. In 2013, faculty from Montefiore Medical Center and Memorial Sloan Kettering developed a free half-day workshop for postgraduate trainees in antimicrobial stewardship (AS), infection prevention (IP), hospital epidemiology, and public health. This annual workshop, sponsored by the Infectious Diseases Society of New York (IDSNY), incorporates case studies and expert panel discussions on timely topics such as Ebola, Candida auris, Clostridiodes difficile, measles, nosocomial influenza, drug shortages, and AS/IP “big data.” Methods: From 2013 through 2017, the workshop involved 10–15 interactive AS/IP cases with audience response questions and panel discussions. In 2018–2019, based on feedback, the format was revised to emphasize breakout sessions in which participants actively practiced AS/IP tools, (eg, medication utilization evaluations, epidemiologic curves, and performance improvement devices). Examples of 2018–2019 cases are shown in Figure 1. A pre- and postseminar paper survey was conducted yearly to understand baseline training in AS/IP, desire for future AS/IP careers, and self-reported effectiveness of the workshop. Results: Initially, the primary audience was NYC ID fellows. From 2018 onward, we opened enrollment to pharmacy residents. Approximately 45 NYC ID fellows were eligible for the course each year. Results from 2013 to 2016 surveys were reported previously (Fig. 2). There were 32 attendees in 2018, 42 in 2019. The survey response rate was 88% in 2018 and 95% in 2019, with 68 (92%) total participants. Most participants had received previous training in IP (82%) and AS (94%) (Fig. 3). Most participants reported that the program was a good supplement to their ID training (98%) and that case studies were an effective means of learning IP (100%) and AS (98%). Furthermore, 92% stated they would like additional AS/IP training, and many since 2013 have requested a full-day course. Self-reported interest in future involvement in AS/IP increased after the workshop: IP, 68%–83% (P =.04) and AS, 88%–91% (P = .61). Conclusions: Most trainees reported satisfaction with the workshop and case-study learning method; interest in future AS/IP careers increased after the seminar. We intend to explore Funding: to expand to a full-day program for all NYC postgraduate trainees and AS/IP junior faculty. As such, we hope to obtain the endorsement of professional societies such as SHEA. This workshop could address a crucial educational gap in AS/IP postgraduate training and help sustain our future workforce.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Sources and Species of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir Watershed

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.68.2.569-575.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 569-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Kristen L. Jellison ◽

Harold F. Hemond ◽

David B. Schauer

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Management Practices ◽

Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽

Cold Water ◽

Environmental Data ◽

The Public ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽

Reservoir Watershed

ABSTRACT Understanding the behavior of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment is critical to developing improved watershed management practices for protection of the public from waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Analytical methods of improved specificity and sensitivity are essential to this task. We developed a nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay that allows detection of a single oocyst in environmental samples and differentiates the human pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum from other Cryptosporidium species. We tested our method on surface water and animal fecal samples from the Wachusett Reservoir watershed in central Massachusetts. We also directly compared results from our method with those from the immunofluorescence microscopy assay recommended in the Information Collection Rule. Our results suggest that immunofluorescence microscopy may not be a reliable indicator of public health risk for waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Molecular and environmental data identify both wildlife and dairy farms as sources of oocysts in the watershed, implicate times of cold water temperatures as high-risk periods for oocyst contamination of surface waters, and suggest that not all oocysts in the environment pose a threat to public health.

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Biodegradability of Chlorophenols in Surface Waters from the Urban Area of Buenos Aires

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00128-018-2300-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 541-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Gallego ◽

J. Laurino Soulé ◽

H. Napolitano ◽

S. L. Rossi ◽

C. Vescina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Buenos Aires

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PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.20.2.358 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 358-361

Author(s):

Helen M. Wallace ◽

Amelia Igel ◽

Margaret A. Losty

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Work ◽

Urban Area ◽

Inpatient Care ◽

Foster Home ◽

Handicapped Children ◽

Medical Social Work ◽

Definitive Method ◽

Health Nursing ◽

Home Placement

Need for a foster home placement program for handicapped children in an urban area was demonstrated by sending a questionnaire to hospitals and convalescent homes, and by careful review of certain children whose inpatient care was being paid for by the official Crippled Children Program. The outstanding fact was that a significant number of handicapped children were being retained in institutions for social, and not medical, reasons. Agreement was reached among social agencies that a co-ordinated community program for foster home placement of handicapped children was necessary but a definitive method was not evolved nor were adequate funds secured to finance costs.

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Pathogen Management in Surface Waters: Practical Considerations for Reducing Public Health Risk

Current Topics in Public Health ◽

10.5772/55367 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew R. ◽

Justin D.

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Risk ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Public Health Risk

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Microsporidia as emerging pathogens and the implication for public health: A 10-year study on HIV-positive and -negative patients

International Journal for Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.12.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 197-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Maria Luísa Lobo ◽

Lihua Xiao ◽

Francisco Antunes ◽

Olga Matos

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Emerging Pathogens

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On the Home Front: Specialized Reference Testing for Dengue in the Australasian Region

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed3030075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alyssa T. Pyke ◽

Wendy Gunn ◽

Carmel Taylor ◽

Ian Mackay ◽

Jamie McMahon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Environmental Science ◽

New Technologies ◽

Home Front ◽

Emerging Pathogens ◽

Critical Elements ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Consultation Services ◽

Australasian Region

Reference laboratories are vital for disease control and interpreting the complexities and impact of emerging pathogens. The role of these centralized facilities extends beyond routine screening capabilities to provide rapid, specific, and accurate diagnoses, advanced data analysis, consultation services, and sophisticated disease surveillance and monitoring. Within the Australasian region, the Public Health Virology Laboratory (PHV), Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Australia, and the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), New Zealand (NZ) perform specialized reference testing and surveillance for dengue viruses (DENVs) and other emerging arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), including chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). With a focus on DENV, we review the reference testing performed by PHV (2005 to 2017) and ESR (2008 to 2017). We also describe how the evolution and expansion of reference-based methodologies and the adoption of new technologies have provided the critical elements of preparedness and early detection that complement frontline public health control efforts and limit the spread of arboviruses within Australasia.

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The treatment of hospital wastewater: an appraisal

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2006.0024 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 405-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

B. Pauwels ◽

W. Verstraete

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Hospital Wastewater ◽

X Ray ◽

Microbial Strains ◽

Special Concern ◽

Microbial Agents

Hospitals discharge considerable amounts of chemicals and microbial agents in their wastewaters. Problem chemicals present in hospital wastewater belong to different groups, such as antibiotics, X-ray contrast agents, disinfectants and pharmaceuticals. Many of these chemical compounds resist normal wastewater treatment. They end up in surface waters where they can influence the aquatic ecosystem and interfere with the food chain. Humans are particularly exposed by the drinking water, produced from surface water. Microbial agents of special concern are multiresistant microbial strains. The latter are suspected to contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance. In this paper, we will discuss the different approaches towards hospital wastewater treatment. The principle of uncoupling hospitals from public sewers warrants in-depth evaluation by technologists and ecotoxicologists as well as public health specialists.

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The early scientific literature response to the novel Coronavirus outbreak: who published what?

10.1101/2020.03.25.20043315 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Davide Gori ◽

Erik Boetto ◽

Maria Pia Fantini

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Health Concern ◽

Primary Data ◽

The Novel ◽

Epidemic Outbreak ◽

Emerging Pathogens ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Reported Data

AbstractIntroductionRecent events highlight how emerging and re-emerging pathogens are becoming global challenges for public health. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus has emerged. This has suddenly turned out into global health concern.ObjectivesAim of this research is to focus on the bibliometric aspects in order to measure what is published in the first 30-days of a global epidemic outbreakMethodsWe searched PubMed database in order to find all relevant studies in the first 30-days from the first publication.ResultsFrom the initial 442 identified articles, 234 were read in-extenso. The majority of papers come from China, UK and USA. 63.7% of the papers were commentaries, editorials and reported data and only 17.5% of the sources used data directly collected on the field. Topics mainly addressed were “epidemiology”, “preparedness” and “generic discussion”. NNR showed a reduction for both the objectives assessed from January to February.Conclusions“Diagnosis” and effective preventive and therapeutic measures were the fields in which more research is still needed. The vast majority of scientific literature in the first 30-days of an epidemic outbreak is based on reported data rather than primary data. Nevertheless, the scientific statements and public health decisions rely on these data.Strengths of our studyThis is the first bibliometric research in Pubmed Database on the first 30 days of publications regarding the novel Coronavirus (SARS-nCoV-2) outbreak of 2019.The vast majority of publication in the first 30-days of an epidemic outbreak are reported data or comments, and only a small fraction of the papers have directly collected data.Limitations of our studyOur research is only PubMed based. It ill be auspicable to consult more than one relevant database in future papers.In addition, we excluded non-English publications leading to a potential bias due to the fact that the outbreak started in China.

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