scholarly journals Sources and Species of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir Watershed

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Jellison ◽  
Harold F. Hemond ◽  
David B. Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Reservoir Watershed

ABSTRACT Understanding the behavior of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment is critical to developing improved watershed management practices for protection of the public from waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Analytical methods of improved specificity and sensitivity are essential to this task. We developed a nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay that allows detection of a single oocyst in environmental samples and differentiates the human pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum from other Cryptosporidium species. We tested our method on surface water and animal fecal samples from the Wachusett Reservoir watershed in central Massachusetts. We also directly compared results from our method with those from the immunofluorescence microscopy assay recommended in the Information Collection Rule. Our results suggest that immunofluorescence microscopy may not be a reliable indicator of public health risk for waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Molecular and environmental data identify both wildlife and dairy farms as sources of oocysts in the watershed, implicate times of cold water temperatures as high-risk periods for oocyst contamination of surface waters, and suggest that not all oocysts in the environment pose a threat to public health.

Application of GIS technology in public health: successes and challenges

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE M. FLETCHER-LARTEY ◽  
GRAZIELLA CAPRARELLI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Application Of Gis

SUMMARYThe uptake and acceptance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology has increased since the early 1990s and public health applications are rapidly expanding. In this paper, we summarize the common uses of GIS technology in the public health sector, emphasizing applications related to mapping and understanding of parasitic diseases. We also present some of the success stories, and discuss the challenges that still prevent a full scope application of GIS technology in the public health context. Geographical analysis has allowed researchers to interlink health, population and environmental data, thus enabling them to evaluate and quantify relationships between health-related variables and environmental risk factors at different geographical scales. The ability to access, share and utilize satellite and remote-sensing data has made possible even wider understanding of disease processes and of their links to the environment, an important consideration in the study of parasitic diseases. For example, disease prevention and control strategies resulting from investigations conducted in a GIS environment have been applied in many areas, particularly in Africa. However, there remain several challenges to a more widespread use of GIS technology, such as: limited access to GIS infrastructure, inadequate technical and analytical skills, and uneven data availability. Opportunities exist for international collaboration to address these limitations through knowledge sharing and governance.

People management practices in the public health sector

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2/3/4) ◽  
pp. 310-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Stanton ◽  
Timothy Bartram ◽  
Raymond Harbridge
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Sector

scholarly journals Low-Cost Data Acquisition Station for Microclimate Detection and Public Health Risks Management: A Case Study of Casablanca

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Akensous Youness ◽  
Hakdaoui Mustapha ◽  
Al-Akad Sultan ◽  
Al Sabri Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

<p class="0abstract">the environmental data acquisition station is used to manage the public health and detection of a microclimate of a city for a broadcast processed high precision data for users. This research article is summarizing the applications of Electronics and GIS applications to health risks management due to air pollution, noise and microclimate change detection, to study the geography of urban health risks and environmental change in Casablanca, Morocco. acquisition of environmental and Climatological Data using sensor networks, results a new possibilities and advantages, of environmental data monitoring using electronic circuit with a broadcasting system via a technology with wireless transmitter. The main object of this research is to present a simple and rapid method to provide instant microclimate and environment data, which can be used to manage the public risks caused by pollution and environment changes. As the climate and environment conditions are variable from a place to place, it is difficult to get accurate climate and environment for a particular location in a city. With the advancement of technology, especially data acquisition systems, the problem of large set up area and cost has been reduced. The data acquisition station can be set up at any place and provide an accurate and instant climate and environment report to any citizen of the city. The report of the data acquisition system can be used by the users to choose the best place for them to live due to their diseases. In addition, these data can be collected in a GIS system to create a microclimate change and air pollution map of different zones in the city, predict the future climate, and air pollution of the city.</p>

Breast-feeding exposure of infants to selected pesticides: a public health viewpoint

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana R. Pohl ◽  
Carolyn A. Tylenda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Disease Registry ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Breast Fed

In this paper, we provide an overview of the public health implications of exposure to some pesticides via breast milk and provide health-based guidance. The presence of organochlorine pesticides in breast milk has been documented in many studies around the world. Included in our review are aldrin/dieldrin, chlordane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)/1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), endrin, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Toxicological and environmental data on these chemicals are compiled in toxicological profiles published by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Based on the data, ATSDR derives chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) that assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure. MRLs are health-based guidance values designed to protect the most sensitive populations, including breast-fed infants. We compare MRLs and projected intakes from the breast milk for the listed pesticides, explore the possibilities of toxicological interactions, and provide health-based recommendations.

scholarly journals CONTAMINATION OF COMMERCIALLY PACKAGED SACHET WATER AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS: AN OVERVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
OO Oludairo ◽  
JO Aiyedun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Organization

Quality water should be colourless, tasteless, odourless and free from faecal contamination. This study investigates the level of contamination of commercially vended packaged water and their public health implications. Published baseline information and data were used in the study. Using different isolation techniques, coliform bacteria of up to 100% and faecal contamination of up to 40% were reported. The consumption of contaminated commercially packaged water by the public has led to different disease conditions and death of millions of people all over the world. This calls for strict adherence to good management practices (GMP) by producers of packaged water, improved monitoring and enforcement of guidelines of production by regulatory bodies according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, increased public awareness and sensitivity to the presence and dangers of consuming such water and creating easy, always potent reporting channels through which disease cases and suspected contaminated water manufacturers could be reported to the authority so as to prevent infection from consumption of such packaged water, diseases and deaths.

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