scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress among Evacuees from the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfires: Exploration of Psychological and Sleep Symptoms Three Months after the Evacuation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Belleville ◽  
Marie-Christine Ouellet ◽  
Charles M. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Post Traumatic

This study documents post-traumatic stress symptoms after the May 2016 wildfires in Fort McMurray (Alberta, Canada). A sample of 379 evacuees completed an online questionnaire from July to September 2016, and a subsample of 55 completed a psychiatric/psychological diagnostic interview. According to a self-report questionnaire, 62.5% of respondents had a provisional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The interview confirmed that 29.1% met criteria for PTSD, 25.5% for depression, and 43.6% for insomnia; in most cases, insomnia was definitely or probably related to the fires. Traumatic exposure may elicit or exacerbate sleep problems, which are closely associated with PTSD after a disaster.

scholarly journals Attentional bias and its temporal dynamics among war veterans suffering from chronic pain: investigating the contribution of post-traumatic stress symptoms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazidi ◽  
Kelsey Vig ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Ebrahimi ◽  
Seyran Ranjbar ◽  
Ali Khatibi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Cognitive models propose that attentional dysregulation, including an attentional bias towards threat, is one potential mechanism underlying the association between chronic pain and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We assessed the attentional bias for painful facial expressions and its relationship with PTSS, using both traditional and variability-based attentional bias measures, among veterans with chronic pain and PTSS and controls.Method: Fifty-four veterans with chronic pain and 30 age/education-matched controls participated in this investigation. Participants completed a self-report measure of PTSS and a dot-probe task with painful/happy/neutral facial expressions. Attention was assessed using both traditional and variability-based reaction time measures of attentional bias.Results: Veterans directed attention away from painful facial expressions (i.e., avoidance) relative to both the control group (between-subject effect) and relative to zero. Veterans showed significantly elevated attentional bias variability for happy and painful expressions compared to controls. Veteran’s attentional bias variability for happy expressions was correlated with PTSS and symptoms of depression.Conclusion: Veterans with chronic pain and PTSS avoided pain-related stimuli and displayed an overall attentional dysfunction for emotional facial expressions. Avoidance of pain cues may be a coping strategy that these individuals develop under stressful conditions. Implications, limitations, and directions for future are discussed.

scholarly journals 2418 Post-traumatic stress symptoms in caregivers of pediatric hydrocephalus population

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
Kathrin Zimmerman ◽  
Alexandra Cutillo ◽  
Laura Dreer ◽  
Anastasia Arynchyna ◽  
Brandon G. Rocque
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Pediatric Hydrocephalus ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Post Traumatic

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The goal of this study is to characterize traumatic events and post-traumatic stress symptom severity experienced by caregivers of children with hydrocephalus. Results will eventually be evaluated and compared with demographic and medical characteristics. This study is part of a larger research project that aims to (1) determine the prevalence and risk factors for post-traumatic stress symptoms in pediatric hydrocephalus patients and their caregivers; (2) develop a targeted intervention to mitigate its effects and pilot test the intervention. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Caregivers of children with hydrocephalus that have received surgical treatment (CSF shunt or ETV/CPC) were enrolled during routine follow up visit in a pediatric neurosurgery clinic. Caregivers completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the presence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participant responses (n=56) revealed that 57.14% of caregivers indicated that their most traumatic event was directly related to their child’s medical condition. In total, 23.21% of caregivers did not specify their most traumatic event and 1.79% of caregivers indicated that they had never experienced a traumatic event. Median Total Symptom Severity Score was 11 (mean: 15.32±14.92), and scores ranged from 0 to 67; 32.14% of caregivers scored 19 or greater, and 16.07% of caregivers scored 33 or greater, a value suggestive of a provisional diagnosis of PTSD. Severity scores by DSM-V clusters were as follows: cluster B—intrusion symptoms (mean: 4.91±4.77, median: 4, range: 0–20), cluster C—avoidance symptoms (mean: 1.27±1.87, median: 0.5, range: 0–8), cluster D—negative alterations in cognition and mood (mean: 4.86±6.07, median: 2, range: 0–22), and cluster E—alterations in arousal and reactivity (mean: 4.29±4.07, median: 3, range: 0–17). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Preliminary results from this study indicate that post-traumatic stress symptoms are prevalent among caregivers of children with hydrocephalus. These results suggest that psychosocial issues such as PTSS may be a significant problem in need of treatment, that is not traditionally addressed as part of routine care for families of children with hydrocephalus. Characterizing post-traumatic stress symptoms in this population sets the foundation for the development of screening and treatment protocols for post-traumatic stress symptoms in caregivers of children with hydrocephalus. This study is the first step towards fundamentally improving routine clinical care and quality of life for patients with hydrocephalus and their caregivers by understanding and addressing the effects of traumatic stress.

scholarly journals Media Exposure and Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in the Wake of the November 2015 Paris Terrorist Attacks: A Population-Based Study in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maëlle Robert ◽  
Lise Eilin Stene ◽  
Dana Rose Garfin ◽  
Stéphanie Vandentorren ◽  
Yvon Motreff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

The intense mass media coverage of the Paris terrorist attacks on November 13, 2015 exposed a majority of the French population to the attacks. Prior research has documented the association between media exposure to terrorism and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The present study replicated and extended these findings in a French sample. A population-based sample (N = 1,760) was drawn from a national web-enabled panel in June 2016. Hours of attack-related media exposure (i.e., TV-watching, viewing internet images, engaging in social media exchanges) in the 3 days following the attacks were assessed. Multivariate regression models, adjusting for gender, age, direct exposure (i.e., witnessing in person or knowing someone injured or killed), residential area, social support, pre-attack mental health service utilization, and other adverse life events, examined the association between media exposure and PTSS (assessed using the self-report PCL-5). Compared to those reporting less than 2 hours of daily attack-related television exposure, those reporting 2–4 hours (β = 3.1, 95% CI = 0.8–5.3) or >4 hours (β = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.0–7.4) of media exposure reported higher attack-related PTSS. This finding was replicated with social media use: those with moderate (β = 3.2, 95% CI = 0.9–5.5) or high (β = 6.8, 95% CI = 1.9–11.7) use reported higher PTSS than those reporting no use. Subanalyses demonstrated that media exposure and PTSS were not associated in those directly exposed to the attacks. Results highlight the potential public health risk of extensive mass media exposure to traumatic events.

scholarly journals Emotional Behavioral Problems and Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Collaborators in Children With Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-227
Author(s):  
Fariba Hosseini ◽  
◽  
Asma Aghebati ◽  
Ali Asghar Asgharnejad ◽  
Khadijeh Arjomandi Rafsanjani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the emotional, behavioral problems, and posttraumatic stress symptoms in siblings of children with cancer and a control group. Methods: This study is a causal-comparative study. The sample consisted of 30 siblings aged 11 to 18 years old in children with cancer, 30 controls, who were matched for age and sex. The data was collected through availability sampling. In this study, a self-report questionnaire of adolescents and symptom scales of post-traumatic stress disorder-self-report form was used to assess the internalization, externalization, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between internalization problems, extraversion problems, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in adolescents with cancer and the control group. Conclusion: According to the results, the siblings of children with cancer had more behavioral emotional behaviors than the control group that these findings revealed a greater vulnerability in this group and a guide for appropriate interventions.

Abstract 22: Experienced Impact and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms of Dispatched Local Lay Rescuers Performing Basic Life Support

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolande Zijlstra ◽  
Stefanie Beesems ◽  
Rob de Haan ◽  
Rudolph Koster
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Aim: A text message (TM) alert system for OHCA has been implemented in part of the Netherlands. This system uses TM from EMS dispatch to alert local lay rescuers (TM-responders [TMRs]) living <1000m radius of the OHCA victim, to either go directly to the victim and perform CPR, or to a nearby AED first. Over 14 000 TMRs and >1500 AEDs were registered in a database residing with the dispatch center. We studied the level of experienced impact shortly after performing BLS and compared it with the Impact of Event Scale (IES) score 4-6 wks afterwards. Methods: With each TM-alert an email was sent to the TMRs with a link to an online questionnaire. We analyzed all questionnaires from 15-02-2013 to 21-04-2014 which were filled out median 5h after EMS call. We counted the experienced impact level (no, little, bearable, much, unbearable). All firstly arrived TMRs who provided BLS±AED use prior to EMS arrival, participated in a semi-structured interview by telephone median 4 days after resuscitation. To assess if TMRs had post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), the IES was sent to all interviewees 4-6 wks after the resuscitation. Scores 0-8 indicated subclinical, 9-25 mild, 26-43 moderate, and ≥44 severe stress. A score >25 indicated PTSS. Results: The dispatcher activated the TM-alert system 697 times, alerting 18 742 TMRs. 4799 completed the questionnaire. Of these, 1639 responded to the call and 353 arrived on scene, participating in the resuscitation. We interviewed 148 first arriving TMRs of whom 137 also completed the IES. Comparison between level of experienced impact and IES score is shown in the figure. None showed PTSS (median: 1, 25th-75th percentile: 0-8, max. 25). Of all TMRs experiencing no/little impact, 13% was grouped as mild. Of all TMRs experiencing bearable impact, 22% scored mild and of all TMRs experiencing much impact, 44% scored mild. Conclusion: TMRs do not show PTSS 4-6 wks after performing BLS, even if their experienced level of impact is considerable shortly after the event.

scholarly journals Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms in urban African schools

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seedat ◽  
C. Nyamai ◽  
F. Njenga ◽  
B. Vythilingum ◽  
D. J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
South African ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundThere is a lack of comparative data on the prevalence and effects of exposure to violence in African youth.AimsWe assessed trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress symptoms and gender differences in adolescents from two African countries.MethodA sample of 2041 boys and girls from 18 schools in Cape Town and Nairobi completed anonymous self-report questionnaires.ResultsMore than 80% reported exposure to severe trauma, either as victims or witnesses. Kenyan adolescents, compared with South African, had significantly higher rates of exposure to witnessing violence (69% v. 58%), physical assault by a family member (27% v. 14%) and sexual assault (18% v. 14%). But rates of current full-symptom post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (22.2% v. 5%) and current partial-symptom PTSD (12% v. 8%) were significantly higher in the South African sample. Boys were as likely as girls to meet PTSD symptom criteria.ConclusionsAlthough the lifetime exposure to trauma was comparable across both settings, Kenyan adolescents had much lower rates of PTSD. This difference may be attributable to cultural and other trauma-related variables. High rates of sexual assault and PTSD, traditionally documented in girls, may also occur in boys and warrant further study.

scholarly journals A-43 Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Sport-Related Concussion and Orthopedic Injury: An Initial Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-639
Author(s):  
T Tarkenton ◽  
C Presley ◽  
L S Hynan ◽  
S Miller ◽  
C H Silver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The North ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Orthopedic Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Objective Few studies have compared psychological responses to injury following sport-related concussion versus injury in general. The aim of this pilot investigation was to explore whether trauma-related stress symptoms differ between adolescents with sport-related concussion (SRC) vs. orthopedic injury (OI). Method Participants age 12-18 with SRC (n=48) or OI (n=12) presented to specialty clinics in the North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex) within 21 days of injury (M= 6.7). Total scores from the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were calculated (range=0-80). Independent t-test compared PCL-5 symptom scores between SRC and OI, and post-hoc analyses examined frequency of symptoms reported within each group. Results There was no significant difference between mean PCL-5 scores in SRC and OI groups, and both obtained scores above the typical cutoff for PTSD, defined as scores &gt;30 (range= 0-46; SRC=10%, OI=16%). Most commonly reported symptoms for both SRC and OI were sleep problems, feeling jumpy, and being “super alert.” SRC subjects were more likely to report difficulty concentrating (SRC=42%; OI=16%), while OI subjects were more likely to report feeling distant from other people (OI=50%; SRC=20%). Conclusions While total post-traumatic stress symptoms may not differ between SRC and OI groups, there may be differences in individual trauma-related symptoms based upon the nature of injury. Both injury groups may be susceptible to sleep difficulties and hypervigilance, yet SRC individuals may experience more cognitive complaints, while OI may report more feelings of isolation. Furture studies will need to use the PCL-5 with larger sample sizes and recovery indices to provide a more detailed comparison of the injury groups.

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