scholarly journals Being at the Bottom Rung of the Ladder in an Unequal Society: A Qualitative Analysis of Stories of People without a Home

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabhala ◽  
Yohannes
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
North West ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Social Goods ◽  
The Government

Background: Homelessness is rising in the United Kingdom, despite investment in measures to eradicate it made by the government and charity organisations. Aim: The aim is to examine the stories of homeless people in order to document their perceptions of their social status, the reasons that led to their homelessness, and propose a conceptual explanation. Method: We conducted 26 semi-structured interviews in three centres for homeless people in Cheshire, North West of England. Results: Three categories—education, employment, and health—emerged from the data and provided a theoretical explanation for the reasons that led to their homelessness. These are vital not only for the successful negotiation of one’s way out of homelessness, but also for achieving other social goods, including social connections, social mobility, and engaging in positive social relationships. Conclusion: Participants catalogued the adverse childhood experiences, which they believe limited their capacity to meaningfully engage with the social institution for social goods, such as education, social services, and institutions of employment. Since not all people who have misfortunes of poor education, poor health, and loss of job end up being homeless, we contend that a combination of these with multiple adverse childhood experiences may have weakened their resilience to traumatic life changes, such as loss of job and poor health.

scholarly journals The Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience With Health Outcomes in Adolescents: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2098243
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Hall ◽  
Alberly Perez ◽  
Xandria West ◽  
Maryilyn Brown ◽  
Ella Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Poor Health Outcome ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), resilience, and health outcomes has not been as thoroughly studied in adolescents. Adolescents completed the ACEs Questionnaire and a validated resilience measure (Child Youth Resilience Measure, or CYRM). Poor health outcome was having 1 or more: obesity, hypertension, and/or depression. 34.5% of teens had a poor health outcome, 38.6% had ACE scores of 4 or more, and resilience ranged from 45 to 84 (mean = 74.6). By univariate and bivariate analysis, ACEs (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03-1.19, P = .0039; OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.0-1.16, P = .045) and resilience (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.98, P = .0016; OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99, P = .016) were significantly associated with poor health outcome. Resilience relationship subscale was significantly associated with reduced health risk (OR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.75-0.95, P = .005). ACEs are associated with poor health outcomes in adolescents, resilience is inversely related, and the caregiver relationship may be the driving force.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences and the association with initiating Alcohol, and chat Consumption before age of 18, in school going adolescents, Ethiopia: cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Tsehay ◽  
Mogese Necho ◽  
Asmare Belete
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Abstract Background : Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were associated with poor health outcomes and health-threatening behaviors later in life. The objective of the present study was to investigate associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and early initiation of alcohol and chat use among school going adolescents.Methods : A cross-sectional study was performed with 546 school going adolescents. The ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used to assess ACEs, including emotional, physical, and sexual forms of abuse and neglect, as well as household dysfunction. Alcohol and chat use was assessed by questions prepared by authors. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between overall ACE score and alcohol use and the potential moderating effects of confounders.Results : prevalence of chat chewing behavior was 26.6% followed by alcohol use 20%, and small number of student’s use cigarette smoking and other illicit drug users (0.9%) (ganja and Shisha) each. A total of 66.2% of participants reported at least one ACE, and 5.93% reported four or more ACEs. Increased ACE scores were associated with increased risks of drinking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.09, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.00–1.09), chronic disease (AOR =1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.28), depression (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.27–1.48), and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.23–1.42) in adulthood. After adjusting for confounding factors, the individual ACE components had different impacts on risk behavior and health, particularly on poor mental health outcomes in adulthood.Conclusions : Alcohol and Chat use was prevalent and public health concern among school going adolescents. ACEs were significantly associated with risk behaviors, alcohol and chat use may lead poor health and educational outcomes among adolescent students and numbers of ACEs have graded association. Social support, sex, residence, parent educational status and current level of depressive symptoms were significant modulating factors, which parents, school teachers, psychologists and adolescent health care providers should give concern to decrease the effect on school going adolescents.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Among Prolific Young Robbery Offenders in London: Targeting Treatment for Desistance?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Hilder ◽  
Heather Strang ◽  
Sumit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Behavioural Therapies

Abstract Research Question How prevalent are various types of adverse childhood experiences among prolific young robbery offenders in London, with what implications for treatment and desistance of these people from serious offending? Data Of the 1249 suspects under 26 years of age who were arrested for robberies in London in 2019, 81 (6.5%) of them had been arrested for four or more robberies, totalling 24% of all robbery arrests of that age group (465 out of 1936). Of those 81 arrestees, 65 of them (80%) percent had used a knife or threatened with a knife to commit their crime. In total, the 81 had criminal histories as suspects in 939 offences covering 34 offence types, most commonly theft from person (201), possession of drugs (164) and violence with injury (89). Methods This study gathered extensive life history data for the 81, with a special emphasis on adverse childhood experiences (ACE) including criminal victimisation by parents or other adults. The analysis compares the prevalence of ACE in the most prolific young robbery suspects to prevalence in general population samples. Findings The 81 prolific robbery offenders had extremely high prevalence of ACEs: 80% had previously been victims of crime themselves (highest offence categories assault with bodily harm, robbery and domestic violence). Reported to police as missing is 63%, school exclusions 49%, incarceration of a family member 35% and known to social services 91%. The prevalence of 4 or more ACEs among the 81 prolific robbery offenders is two to five times higher than it is in other estimates for London (random sample) or England (children in need). Conclusions A substantial proportion of all London arrests for robbery identify young people with disproportionately high levels of adverse childhood experiences. Most of the ACEs are to some extent treatable by cognitive behavioural therapies and related treatments aimed at post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One possible pathway to promote desistance from high-harm crime in this population may be the development and testing of a police role in helping to ensure that these few most chronic, high-harm arrestees received effective treatment for the consequences of ACEs.

scholarly journals Population vs Individual Prediction of Poor Health From Results of Adverse Childhood Experiences Screening

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie R. Baldwin ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
Alan J. Meehan ◽  
Antony Ambler ◽  
Louise Arseneault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Configurations of Adult Attachment, Indicators of Mental Health and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13385
Author(s):  
María Dolores Méndez-Méndez ◽  
Yolanda Fontanil ◽  
Yolanda Martín-Higarza ◽  
Natalia Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Esteban Ezama
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between adverse childhood experiences, attachment and adult mental health has been pointed out in a large amount of studies. In a sample of 339 women receiving support from mental health and social services, this research analyzed the association between three adult attachment variables (fear of rejection or abandonment—FRA; desire for closeness—DC; preference for independence—PI) and four mental health indicators. After dichotomizing these variables, we constructed eight configurations of attachment and examined their association with mental health indicators. BAB people (those below the median in FRA, above in DC and below in PI) obtained the most favorable scores in mental health, whereas the ABA configuration (above the median in FRA, below in DC and above in PI) was the least favorable. The association between attachment configurations and mental health indicators was different to what might be expected, aggregating the effects of individual attachment variables. When analyzing the relationship between configurations and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), women with an ABA configuration reported the highest number of ACEs and eight ACE types had a higher-than-expected contingency coefficient. In conclusion, these findings suggest that certain adult attachment configurations are associated with a greater number of ACEs and poorer mental health indicators in adult women.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Physical and Mental Health of Adults: Assessing the Mediating Role of Cumulative Life Course Poverty

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712098240
Author(s):  
Ying Huang ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
Muntasir Masum
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Research has linked adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a host of negative health outcomes in adulthood. However, most existing studies focused on traumatic ACEs and used samples collected from a specific geographic unit (e.g., region, city, or state). This study examines the association between non-traumatic ACEs and health outcomes (i.e., self-rated health and psychological well-being) in adulthood, and assesses the extent to which the cumulative life course poverty accounts for these associations between ACEs and health. Data Source: Public and de-identified data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) (1968-2013) and its Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (CRCS) (2014) ( N = 7,126) were used. Episode and severity of childhood adversities of respondents were determined by using comprehensive retrospective circumstance measures. Methods: Multivariate regression models were used to analyze the associations between ACEs and adult health. Mediation analysis was employed to assess the extent to which the associations were explained by cumulative life course poverty. Data analysis was carried out in 2019 using STATA 15. Results: We found that episode and severity of ACEs were associated with increased risk of poor health and psychological distress. Compared to individuals with no ACEs, one unit increase in the ACE index is associated with 8 and 18 percent increase in the risk of poor health and psychological distress, respectively. A small proportion (4%) of the impact of early adversities on health is attributable to the proportion of adult lifetime spent in poverty. Conclusions: Non-traumatic ACEs are associated with increased risk for poor health and psychological distress. Life course cumulative experience in poverty accounts for a small portion of the associations. Providing support to prevent ACEs may have long-term health benefits.

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