scholarly journals Affiliate Stigma and Related Factors in Family Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng Chang ◽  
Yu-Min Chen ◽  
Tai-Ling Liu ◽  
Ray C. Hsiao ◽  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Affiliate Stigma ◽  
Unfavorable Attitude

This cross-sectional questionnaire study examined factors related to affiliate stigma among caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the association of affiliate stigma with caregivers’ unfavorable attitude toward ADHD and moderators. The affiliate stigma of 400 caregivers of children with ADHD was assessed using the Affiliate Stigma Scale. Caregivers’ and children’s factors related to affiliate stigma were examined using multiple regression analysis. Associations of affiliate stigma with caregivers’ unfavorable attitudes toward children’s diagnoses, pharmacotherapy, behavioral therapy, and biological explanations of the etiologies of ADHD were examined using logistic regression analysis. Female caregivers and those caring for girls with ADHD had higher levels of affiliate stigma than did male caregivers and those caring for boys. Higher education levels in caregivers and more severe inattention symptoms in children were associated with higher levels of affiliate stigma. A higher level of affiliate stigma was also significantly associated with unfavorable attitudes toward children’s diagnoses, pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy, and etiological explanations for ADHD. Multiple factors of caregivers and children were related to affiliate stigma in caregivers of children with ADHD. Affiliate stigma is significantly associated with caregivers’ unfavorable attitude toward ADHD.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of 0.6 Million Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e97-e103
Author(s):  
Irene Rethemiotaki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly recognized chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. This work aims at studying the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with ADHD in the United States in the period between 2009 and 2018. Data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics to assess the role of socioeconomic factors in the development of ADHD. It has been studied 615,608 children, 51.2% male and 48.7% female. The prevalence of ADHD was 9.13%, with males predominating over females. The number of children with ADHD increased from 2009 to 2018 by 14.8%. As specified by multiple logistic regression analysis, males (odds ratio [OR] 2.38) who have neither mother nor father (OR 1.76) are twice as likely to have ADHD compared with their peers. In addition, family income (OR 1.40) and parent's education (OR 1.12) were significantly associated with ADHD. It has been highlighted the significance of deprivation of both family and financial comfort as primary indicators for ADHD in children. Moreover, children with ADHD were more likely to be males in the age group of 12 to 17.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in Patients Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Antioquia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Sierra Montoya ◽  
Sandra Catalina Mesa Restrepo ◽  
Jorge Mauricio Cuartas Arias ◽  
William Cornejo Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Issue

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral issue for children. One of the sleeping disorders most frequently related to ADHD is the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, something that is generally associated with paresthesias and motor restlessness. The prevalence rate of RLS in children diagnosed with ADHD is close to 18%, but in Colombia, these cases have been hardly studied. Objective: To determine the frequency of RLS, in children with ADHD. Methods: A cross-sectional study, filled out by parents of children diagnosed with ADHD, were analyzed. This questionnaire contained clinical criteria for classifying ADHD according to the DSM-IV, as well as diagnostic criteria for RLS by the National Institutes of Health (2003). Results: A predominance rate of 65.6% in combined ADHD was observed in children with RLS criteria. Upon carrying out an exploratory data analysis, it was found that having a family history of RLS and belonging to the middle or low socioeconomic strata are conditions associated with the presence of RLS in children with ADHD, with a significant p (p < 0.000) and a PR of 4.47 (3.16-6.32). Conclusions: The prevalence of RLS was similar to the findings of other clinical investigations. However, it highlights new prevalence values in relation to the comorbidity between ADHD and RLS, suggesting the need for new clinical and therapeutic alternatives amidst the presence of both syndromes.

scholarly journals Sleep disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Medina Permatawati ◽  
Agung Triono ◽  
Mei Neni Sitaresmi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral abnormality that commonly occurs among children. Sleep disorders are comorbid with ADHD. Sleep disorders in Indonesian children with ADHD have not been widely studied.Objective To understand the proportion and factors that influence sleep disorders in children with ADHD. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 54 children aged 3-14 years who had been diagnosed with ADHD by a pediatric growth and development consultant using DSM-5 criteria. The subjects were consecutively selected from March to August 2017 at the Child Development Polyclinic, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Sleep data were collected using the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Children’s Sleep Hygiene Scale (CSHS).Results Of the 54 children with ADHD (46 males and 8 females), 35 (64.8%) experienced sleep disorders. The majority (26 subjects, 48.1%) had the disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with the combined (inattention and hyperactive-impulsive) type of ADHD experienced significantly greater sleep disturbance compared to the inattention type or hyperactive-impulsive type (OR=3.750; 95% CI 1.133 to 12.41; P=0.027). Poor sleep hygiene was also significantly associated with more severe sleep disorders (r=-0.383, P=0.004).Conclusion The proportion of sleep disorder in children with ADHD is relatively high, with the majority having a disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with combined type ADHD experience a higher amount of sleep disorder than those with either the inattention or hyperactive-impulsive types of ADHD. Children with poor sleep hygiene have significantly more severe sleep disorders.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Caregiver Intentions to Vaccinate Their Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder against COVID-19 in Taiwan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Ching-Shu Tsai ◽  
Ray C. Hsiao ◽  
Yu-Min Chen ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family Attitudes ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Comorbid Psychopathology

The aims of this study were to examine the proportion of caregivers who were hesitant to vaccinate their children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factors related to caregiver intentions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. In total, 161 caregivers of children with ADHD were recruited in this study. The caregivers completed an online questionnaire to provide data regarding their intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, concerns about the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, unfavorable family attitudes toward vaccines, and children’s medication use for ADHD and comorbid psychopathology. The factors related to caregiver intentions to vaccinate their child were examined using linear regression analysis. The results indicated that 25.5% of caregivers were hesitant to vaccinate their children with ADHD, and 11.8% refused to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The caregivers’ concerns about the safety of vaccines and children’s regular use of medication for ADHD were negatively associated with caregiver intentions to vaccinate, whereas the children’s comorbid conduct or oppositional defiant problems were positively associated with the caregiver intentions to vaccinate. An intervention that enhances caregiver intentions to vaccinate their children with ADHD against COVID-19 by addressing the related factors found in this study is warranted.

scholarly journals Perceptual timing in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as measured by computer-based experiments versus real-life tasks: protocol for a cross-sectional experimental study in an ambulatory setting

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027651
Author(s):  
Ivo Marx ◽  
Olaf Reis ◽  
Christoph Berger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Perceptual Timing

IntroductionThe goal of this study is to get a better understanding of the fundamentals of perceptual timing deficits, that is, difficulties with estimating durations of explicitly attended temporal intervals, in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Whereas these deficits were repeatedly demonstrated in laboratory studies using computer-based timing tasks, we will additionally implement a more practical task reflecting real-life activity. In doing so, the research questions of the planned study follow a hierarchically structured path ‘from lab to life’: Are the timing abilities of children with ADHD really disturbed both in the range of milliseconds and in the range of seconds? What causes these deficits? Do children with ADHD rather display a global perceptual timing deficit, or do different ‘timing types’ exist? Are timing deficits present during real-life activities as well, and are they based on the same mechanisms as in computerised tasks?Methods and analysesA quasi-experimental study with two groups of male children aged 8–12 years (ADHD; controls) and with a cross-sectional design will be used to address our research questions. Statistical analyses of the dependent variables will comprise (repeated) measures analyses of variance, stepwise multiple regression analyses and latent class models. With an estimated dropout rate of 25%, power analysis indicated a sample size of 140 subjects (70 ADHD, 70 controls) to detect medium effect sizes.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Rostock. Results will be disseminated to researcher, clinician and patient communities in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences, at a meeting of the local ADHD competence network and on our web page which will summarise the study results in an easily comprehensible manner.Trial registration numberDRKS00015760

Vitamin D’s Molecular Action Mechanism in Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saedisomeolia ◽  
Mahsa Samadi ◽  
Fatemeh Gholami ◽  
Marzieh Seyedi ◽  
Mohammad Effatpanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background & Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Children with ADHD have challenges with learning, behavior and psychosocial adjustments, sometimes retained into adulthood. The exact etiology of ADHD is unknown, and the pathophysiology of this disease is complex. Several hypotheses have been raised regarding ADHD pathogenesis, including serotonergic and catecholaminergic signalling pathway dysfunction, neurotropic-related factors, oxidative stress, or neuroinflammation. Vitamin D has an important protective effect against inflammation, oxidative stress and certain neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitter, as well as facilitating dopaminergic and serotonergic functions. Vitamin D levels in children with ADHD are lower than in healthy children, and thus may be involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD. These observations, therefore, confirm the neuroprotective role of vitamin D through multiple molecular mechanisms and can be considered as a promising target in understanding ADHD pathology. Conclusion: In this context, the present study reviews the molecular pathways of vitamin D in ADHD patients.

scholarly journals Does the treatment of anxiety in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using cognitive behavioral therapy improve child and family outcomes? Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Sciberras ◽  
Daryl Efron ◽  
Pooja Patel ◽  
Melissa Mulraney ◽  
Katherine J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Up to 60% of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) meet diagnostic criteria for at least one anxiety disorder, including Social, Generalized and/or Separation Disorder. Anxiety in children with ADHD has been shown to be associated with poorer child and family functioning. Small pilot studies suggest that treating anxiety in children with ADHD using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has promising benefits. In a fully powered randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aim to investigate the efficacy of an existing CBT intervention adapted for children with ADHD and comorbid anxiety compared with usual care. Methods This RCT is recruiting children aged 8–12 years (N = 228) from pediatrician practices in Victoria, Australia. Eligibility criteria include meeting full diagnostic criteria for ADHD and at least one anxiety disorder (Generalized, Separation or Social). Eligible children are randomized to receive a 10 session CBT intervention (Cool Kids) versus usual clinical care from their pediatrician. The intervention focuses on building child and parent skills and strategies to manage anxiety and associated impairments including cognitive restructuring and graded exposure. Minor adaptations have been made to the delivery of the intervention to meet the needs of children with ADHD including increased use of visual materials and breaks between activities. The primary outcome is change in the proportion of children meeting diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder at 5 months randomization. This will be assessed via diagnostic interview with the child’s parent (Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children V) conducted by a researcher blinded to intervention condition. Secondary outcomes include a range of child (e.g., anxiety symptoms, ADHD severity, behavior, quality of life, sleep, cognitive functioning, school attendance) and parent (e.g., mental health, parenting behaviors, work attendance) domains of functioning assessed at 5 and 12 months post-randomization. Outcomes will be analyzed using logistic and mixed effects regression. Discussion The results from this study will provide evidence on whether treating comorbid anxiety in children with ADHD using a CBT approach leads to improvements in anxiety and/or broader functional outcomes. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN59518816 (10.1186/ISRCTN59518816). The trial was first registered 29/9/15 and last updated 15/1/19.

scholarly journals Did Affiliate Stigma Predict Affective and Behavioral Outcomes in Caregivers and Their Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7532
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng Chang ◽  
Yu-Min Chen ◽  
Ray C. Hsiao ◽  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Affiliate Stigma ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

The aim of this follow-up study was to examine the predictive values of caregivers’ affiliate stigma at baseline for depression in caregivers and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 1 year later. The Study on Affiliate Stigma in Caregivers of Children with ADHD surveyed the levels of affiliate stigma and depression in 400 caregivers and the behavioral problems of their children with ADHD. The levels of the caregivers’ depression and children’s behavioral problems were assessed 1 year later. The associations of caregivers’ affiliate stigma at baseline with depression in caregivers and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children with ADHD at follow-up were examined using stepwise multiple regression. The results indicated that before caregivers’ depression and children’s behavioral problems at baseline were controlled, caregivers’ affiliate stigma at baseline positively predicted caregivers’ depression and all children’s behavioral problems. After caregivers’ depression and children’s behavioral problems at baseline were controlled, caregivers’ affiliate stigma at baseline still positively predicted children’s affective and somatic problems. Parenting training and cognitive behavioral therapy should be provided to caregivers with intense affiliate stigma to prevent emotional problems and difficulties in managing their children’s behavioral problems.

scholarly journals Sleep disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medina Permatawati ◽  
Agung Triono ◽  
Mei Neni Sitaresmi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral abnormality that commonly occurs among children. Sleep disorders are comorbid with ADHD. Sleep disorders in Indonesian children with ADHD have not been widely studied.Objective To understand the proportion and factors that influence sleep disorders in children with ADHD. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 54 children aged 3-14 years who had been diagnosed with ADHD by a pediatric growth and development consultant using DSM-5 criteria. The subjects were consecutively selected from March to August 2017 at the Child Development Polyclinic, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Sleep data were collected using the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Children’s Sleep Hygiene Scale (CSHS).Results Of the 54 children with ADHD (46 males and 8 females), 35 (64.8%) experienced sleep disorders. The majority (26 subjects, 48.1%) had the disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with the combined (inattention and hyperactive-impulsive) type of ADHD experienced significantly greater sleep disturbance compared to the inattention type or hyperactive-impulsive type (OR=3.750; 95% CI 1.133 to 12.41; P=0.027). Poor sleep hygiene was also significantly associated with more severe sleep disorders (r=-0.383, P=0.004).Conclusion The proportion of sleep disorder in children with ADHD is relatively high, with the majority having a disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with combined type ADHD experience a higher amount of sleep disorder than those with either the inattention or hyperactive-impulsive types of ADHD. Children with poor sleep hygiene have significantly more severe sleep disorders.

scholarly journals Caregiver-Attributed Etiologies of Children’s Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Study in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
Tai-Ling Liu ◽  
Ray C. Hsiao ◽  
Yu-Min Chen ◽  
Chih-Cheng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Affiliate Stigma

The aim of this survey study was to examine the etiologies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) attributed by caregivers of Taiwanese children with ADHD, particularly factors affecting such attribution. This study had 400 caregivers of children with ADHD as participants. We examined the caregiver-attributed etiologies of ADHD and factors affecting such attribution. Caregivers completed the self-report questionnaire to rate how likely they perceived various etiologies of ADHD to be; the Affiliate Stigma Scale for the level of affiliate stigma; and the short Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale for child’s ADHD and oppositional symptoms. Brain dysfunction (84.8%) was the most commonly attributed etiology, followed by failure of caregivers in disciplining the child (44.0%); a poor diet, such as a sugar-rich diet (40.8%); a poor living environment (38.8%); the child imitating their peers’ improper behavior (37.3%); failure of school staff in disciplining the child (29.0%); the education system’s overemphasis on academic performance (27.3%); and supernatural beings or divination-based reasons (3.8%). Caregivers’ affiliate stigma was significantly associated with the attribution of several nonbiological etiologies other than brain dysfunction. Caregivers’ education level and children’s sex, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional symptoms were significantly associated with various caregiver-attributed etiologies. Therefore, to deliver more accurate knowledge about ADHD in educational programs, health professionals should consider those etiologies that are attributed by caregivers of children with ADHD.

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