scholarly journals Feasibility Evaluation of Designated Quantities for Chemicals Requiring Preparation for Accidents in the Korean Chemical Accident Prevention System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Mun Seob Ahn ◽  
Hyo Eun Lee ◽  
Kwang Soo Cheon ◽  
Huoung Gi Joo ◽  
Bu-Soon Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methyl Ethyl Ketone ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Chemical Accident ◽  
Prevention System

To prevent chemical accidents, the United States (US), the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Korea operate legal systems, such as risk management plans (RMP) and process safety management (PSM), to prevent chemical accidents inside and outside the workplace. The duty to implement chemical accident prevention systems and the criteria for being a target workplace are dependent on the designated quantities of chemicals handled. A chemical accident prevention system is obligatory for storage and handling of legally declared chemicals in the workplace. Benzene, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethyl acetate are all flammable materials that are commonly used as solvents in the chemical industry. These substances are grouped into flammable substances groups in the US and the EU, and are managed with the same designated quantities. However, in Korea, the designated quantities are: benzene, 10,000 kg; toluene, xylene, and methyl ethyl ketone, 200,000 kg; and ethyl acetate, 20,000 kg. In order to evaluate the validity of the chemical quantities, fire explosion scenarios during chemical accidents were modeled using two modeling programs, Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) and Korea Off-Site Risk Assessment Supporting Tool (KORA) software, under the same conditions. Similar damage radii were found for the five flammable materials with both pool fires and vapor cloud explosions (VCE). Based on these damage radii, the designated quantities of five substances were calculated and included in the range (10,000 to 13,500 kg). The results show that current designated quantities underestimate chemical substances, and for the prevention of accidents and post-management after chemical accidents, it is necessary to manage flammable substances under one grouping.

scholarly journals Emissions and photochemistry of oxygenated VOCs in urban plumes in the Northeastern United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 7081-7096 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sommariva ◽  
J. A. de Gouw ◽  
M. Trainer ◽  
E. Atlas ◽  
P. D. Goldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ethyl Ketone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Photochemical Formation ◽  
Urban Plumes

Abstract. Photochemical processes inside urban plumes in the Northeast of the United States have been studied using a highly detailed chemical model, based upon the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The model results have been compared to measurements of oxygenated VOCs (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and methanol) obtained during several flights of the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, which sampled plumes from the New York City area during the ICARTT campaign in 2004. The agreement between the model and the measurements was within 40–60 % for all species, except acetic acid. The model results have been used to study the formation and photochemical evolution of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and acetaldehyde. Under the conditions encountered during the ICARTT campaign, acetone is produced from the oxidation of propane (24–28 %) and i-propanol (<15 %) and from a number of products of i-pentane oxidation. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is mostly produced from the oxidation of n-butane (20–30 %) and 3-methylpentane (<40 %). Acetaldehyde is formed from several precursors, mostly small alkenes, >C5 alkanes, propanal and MEK. Ethane and ethanol oxidation account, respectively, for 6–23 % and 5–25 % of acetaldehyde photochemical formation. The results highlight the importance of alkanes for the photochemical production of ketones and the role of hydroperoxides in sustaining their formation far from the emission sources.

Behavioral Toxicology of Volatile Organic Solvents. IV. Comparisons of the Rate-Decreasing Effects of Acetone, Ethyl Acetate, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Toluene, and Carbon Disulfide on Schedule-Controlled Behavior of Mice

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Glowa ◽  
P. B. Dews
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methyl Ethyl Ketone ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Behavioral Toxicity ◽  
Photocell Beam ◽  
Acetate Methyl ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Current Threshold

The effects of acetone (ACE), ethyl acetate (EAC), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene (TOL), and carbon disulfide (CS2) were compared on schedule-controlled responding of mice. Responding (the interruption of a photocell beam located behind a nose-poke hole) was maintained under a fixed interval (FI) 60-second schedule of milk presentation in a sealed inhalation chamber. Cumulative concentration-effect functions were obtained by increasing the concentration of each solvent within the chamber, at 30-minute intervals until responding was abolished. Responding was assessed again 30 minutes after the termination of exposures to levels that abolished responding, to assess the extent of recovery. TOL, CS2, and ACE slightly increased rates of responding at lower concentrations. Each solvent decreased responding in a concentration-related manner at higher concentrations, with responding being decreased 50% by 10,694 ppm ACE, 594 ppm EAC, 2891 ppm MEK, 1784 ppm TOL, and 2242 ppm CS2. Responding recovered 30 minutes after exposures completely for ACE, EAC, and MEK, approximately 75% for TOL, but not at all for CS2. These data suggest that the acute behavioral toxicity of EAC, relative to that found for the other solvents, may be greater than that reflected in current threshold limit values (TLV).

scholarly journals Study of the sorption properties of solvents in thinlayer and column chromatography

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Vu Ngoc Dan ◽  
V. F. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ethyl Ketone ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Much attention is paid to the consideration of the causes of transformer oil aging under the influence of technogenic and natural factors. The paper insulation destruction mechanism is considered, as a result of which furan compounds are formed that enter the transformer oil and worsen its dielectric characteristics. The characteristics of the domestic transformer oil grade GK-1 obtained using the technology of hydrocracking in a hydrogen medium are given. Furan compounds are formed in used transformer oil, which are monitored using chromatographic analysis methods according to standard procedures. The group composition of transformer oil was determined using thin layer chromatography. As a solvent used n. Hexane. To extract furan compounds from transformer oil, various organic solvents are used, the physicochemical properties of which are given in this work. It was found that the retention time of the studied sorbates corresponds to an increase in their boiling points for ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone and dodecane. In the case of isopropanol, which has a close boiling point with ethyl acetate and methyl ethyl ketone, a significant increase in retention time is observed, which is associated with the formation of an intermolecular hydrogen bond. The dependence of the spot diameter of furan substances on their concentration was established under conditions of thin-layer chromatography on Sorbfil plastics. Moreover, the most effective separation is characteristic of furfural. In this case, the chromatographic spots are small in size with good fidelity. The ascending mode of column liquid chromatography was used to determine the dependence of the retention time of standard sorbates on the length of the Silyochrome S-80 sorption layer, which is parabolic. It was found that the highest retention times are characteristic of ethoxyethanol and isopropanol, which is consistent with the known theoretical principles of liquid chromatography. Histograms of the effect of the retention time of standard sorbates on their nature and boiling point, where isopropanol and 2-ethoxyethanol are extreme, are presented. In this case, isopropanol having a lower boiling point than 2-Ethoxyethanol is retained on the sorbent more strongly, which is associated with the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with surface silanol groups of the sorbent.

scholarly journals Emissions and photochemistry of oxygenated VOCs in urban plumes in the Northeastern United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 12371-12408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sommariva ◽  
J. A. de Gouw ◽  
M. Trainer ◽  
E. Atlas ◽  
P. D. Goldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ethyl Ketone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Photochemical Formation ◽  
Urban Plumes

Abstract. Photochemical processes inside urban plumes in the Northeast of the United States have been studied using a highly detailed chemical model, based upon the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The model results have been compared to measurements of oxygenated VOCs (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and methanol) obtained during several flights of the NOAA WP-3D aircraft, which sampled plumes from the New York City area during the ICARTT campaign in 2004. The agreement between the model and the measurements was within 40–60% for all species, except acetic acid. The model results have been used to study the formation and photochemical evolution of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and acetaldehyde. Under the conditions encountered during the ICARTT campaign, acetone is produced from the oxidation of propane (24–28%) and i-propanol (<15%) and from a number of products of i-pentane oxidation. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is mostly produced from the oxidation of n-butane (20–30%) and 3-methylpentane (<40%). Acetaldehyde is formed from several precursors, mostly small alkenes, >C5 alkanes, propanal and MEK. Ethane and ethanol oxidation account, respectively, for 6–23% and 5–25% of acetaldehyde photochemical formation. The results highlight the importance of long-chain alkanes for the photochemical production of ketones and the role of hydroperoxides in sustaining their formation far from the emission sources.

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