Residential Radon Exposure and Cigarette Smoking in Association with Lung Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study in Korea

Residential radon exposure and cigarette smoking are the two most important risk factors for lung cancer. The combined effects thereof were evaluated in a multi-center matched case-control study in South Korea. A total of 1038 participants were included, comprising 519 non-small cell lung cancer cases and 519 age- and sex- matched community-based controls. Residential radon levels were measured for all participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for lung cancer according to radon exposure (high ≥ 100 Bq/m3 vs. low < 100 Bq/m3), smoking status, and combinations of the two after adjusting for age, sex, indoor hours, and other housing information. The median age of the participants was 64 years, and 51.3% were women. The adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for high radon and cigarette smoking were 1.56 (1.03–2.37) and 2.53 (1.60–3.99), respectively. When stratified according to combinations of radon exposure and smoking status, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for lung cancer in high-radon non-smokers, low-radon smokers, and high-radon smokers were 1.40 (0.81–2.43), 2.42 (1.49–3.92), and 4.27 (2.14–8.52), respectively, with reference to low-radon non-smokers. Both residential radon and cigarette smoking were associated with increased odds for lung cancer, and the difference in ORs according to radon exposure was much greater in smokers than in non-smokers.

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Residential Radon Exposure and Cigarette Smoking in Association with Lung Cancer: a Matched Case-control Study in Korea

10.21203/rs.2.15523/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Eung Joo Park ◽

Hokyou Lee ◽

Hyeon Chang Kim ◽

Seung soo Sheen ◽

Sang Baek Koh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Case Control ◽

Radon Exposure ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study ◽

Residential Radon

Abstract Background: Residential radon exposure and cigarette smoking are the two most important risk factors for lung cancer. The combined effects thereof were evaluated in a multi-center matched case-control study in South Korea.Methods: A total of 1,038 participants were included, comprising 519 non-small cell lung cancer cases and 519 age- and sex- matched community-based controls. Residential radon levels were measured for all participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for lung cancer according to radon exposure (high ≥100 Bq/m3 vs. low <100 Bq/m3), smoking status, and combinations of the two after adjusting for age, sex, indoor hours, and other housing information.Results: The median age of the participants was 64 years, and 51.3% were women. The adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for high radon and cigarette smoking were 1.56 (1.03-2.37) and 2.53 (1.60-3.99), respectively. When stratified according to combinations of radon exposure and smoking status, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for lung cancer in high-radon non-smokers, low-radon smokers, and high-radon smokers were 1.40 (0.81-2.43), 2.42 (1.49-3.92), and 4.27 (2.14-8.52), respectively, with reference to low-radon non-smokers.Conclusion: Both residential radon and cigarette smoking were associated with increased odds for lung cancer, and the difference in ORs according to radon exposure was much greater in smokers than in non-smokers.

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CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF LUNG CANCER RISK FROM RESIDENTIAL RADON EXPOSURE IN WORCESTER COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS

Health Physics ◽

10.1097/01.hp.0000288561.53790.5f ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 228-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Richard E. Thompson ◽

Donald F. Nelson ◽

Joel H. Popkin ◽

Zenaida Popkin

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Lung Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control ◽

Radon Exposure ◽

Control Study ◽

Residential Radon

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Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Lung Cancer Incidence: A Matched Case-Control Study Nested in the ESTHER Cohort

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/6470950 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xīn Gào ◽

Yang Xuan ◽

Axel Benner ◽

Ankita Anusruti ◽

Hermann Brenner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Lung Cancer Incidence ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Matched Case ◽

Nitrite Nitrate ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) may have a possible role in lung carcinogenesis. This study is aimed to evaluate the association of the NO metabolites, namely, nitrite and nitrate, with lung cancer incidence. We conducted a matched case-control study (n=245 incident lung cancer cases and n=735 controls) based on the German ESTHER cohort (n=9,940). Controls were matched to cases on age, sex, smoking status (never/former/current smoking), and pack-years of smoking. The sum of nitrite and nitrate was measured in urine samples using a colorimetric assay and was standardized for renal function by urinary creatinine. Conditional logistic regression models, adjusted for lifestyle factors, asthma prevalence, and family history of lung cancer, were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Among incident lung cancer cases, high nitrite/nitrate levels were statistically significantly associated with current smoking, a low BMI, and the oxidative stress biomarker 8-isoprostane levels. Nitrite/nitrate levels in the top quintile were statistically significantly associated with lung cancer incidence: the OR (95% CI) was 1.37 (1.04-1.82) for comparison with the bottom quintile. This association was unaltered after additional adjustment for 8-isoprostane levels and C-reactive protein (CRP). In conclusion, this large cohort study suggested that subjects with high urinary nitrite/nitrate concentrations had an increased risk of lung cancer and this association was independent of smoking, CRP, 8-isoprostane levels, and other established lung cancer risk factors. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and to confirm the hypothesis that pathologically high levels of NO are involved in lung cancer development.

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Risk factors for primary lung cancer among never smokers by gender in a matched case–control study

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/s10552-012-9994-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 567-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yen-Li Lo ◽

Chin-Fu Hsiao ◽

Gee-Chen Chang ◽

Ying-Huang Tsai ◽

Ming-Shyan Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Primary Lung Cancer ◽

Case Control ◽

Matched Case ◽

Never Smokers ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

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Opium and Cigarette Smoking are Independently Associated with Bladder Cancer: The Findings of a Matched Case - Control Study

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention ◽

10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.10.3385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 3385-3391

Author(s):

Zahra Abdolahinia ◽

Hamid Pakmanesh ◽

Moghaddameh Mirzaee ◽

Azam Bazrafshan ◽

Mehdi Shafiei Bafti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

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Patient outcomes from lung cancer and diabetes mellitus: a matched case–control study

Future Science OA ◽

10.4155/fsoa-2017-0081 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. FSO248 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Nina J Karlin ◽

Shailja B Amin ◽

Matthew R Buras ◽

Heidi E Kosiorek ◽

Patricia M Verona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

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CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF LUNG CANCER AND RESIDENTIAL RADON EXPOSURE IN SOUTHWEST ENGLAND

Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/00001648-199807001-00350 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 9 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Darby ◽

E Whitley ◽

P Silcocks ◽

B Thakrar ◽

M Green ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Radon Exposure ◽

Control Study ◽

Residential Radon

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of residential radon and lung cancer in never-smokers

European Respiratory Review ◽

10.1183/16000617.0230-2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (159) ◽

pp. 200230

Author(s):

Elvin S. Cheng ◽

Sam Egger ◽

Suzanne Hughes ◽

Marianne Weber ◽

Julia Steinberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Radon Exposure ◽

Never Smokers ◽

Control Study ◽

Residential Radon ◽

Never Smoker

BackgroundGlobally, radon is the leading risk factor for lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS). In this study, we systematically reviewed and meta-analysed the evidence of the risk of LCINS associated with residential radon exposure.MethodsMedline and Embase databases were searched using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant studies published from 1 January 1990 to 5 March 2020 focused on never-smokers. We identified four pooled collaborative studies (incorporating data from 24 case–control studies), one case–control study and one cohort study for systematic review. Meta-analysis was performed on the results of the four pooled studies due to different measures of effect and outcome reported in the cohort study and insufficient information reported for the case–control study. In a post hoc analysis, the corresponding risk for ever-smokers was also examined.ResultsRisk estimates of lung cancer from residential radon exposure were pooled in the meta-analysis for 2341 never-smoker cases, 8967 never-smoker controls, 9937 ever-smoker cases and 12 463 ever-smoker controls. Adjusted excess relative risks (aERRs) per 100 Bq·m−3 of radon level were 0.15 (95% CI 0.06–0.25) for never-smokers and 0.09 (95% CI 0.03–0.16) for ever-smokers, and the difference between them was statistically insignificant (p=0.32). The aERR per 100 Bq·m−3was higher for men (0.46; 95% CI 0.15–0.76) than for women (0.09; 95% CI −0.02–0.20) among never-smokers (p=0.027).ConclusionThis study provided quantified risk estimates for lung cancer from residential radon exposure among both never-smokers and ever-smokers. Among never-smokers in radon-prone areas, men were at higher risk of lung cancer than women.

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