scholarly journals Driving Accidents, Driving Violations, Symptoms of Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity (ADHD) and Attentional Network Tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hojjat Zamani Sani ◽  
Zahra Fathirezaie ◽  
Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani ◽  
Georgian Badicu ◽  
Safyeh Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attentional Network ◽  
Cognitive Failure ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Attentional Tasks

Background: Iran has serious problems with traffic-related injuries and death. A major reason for traffic accidents is cognitive failure due to deficits in attention. In this study, we investigated the associations between traffic violations, traffic accidents, symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), age, and on an attentional network task in a sample of Iranian adults. Methods: A total of 274 participants (mean age: 31.37 years; 80.7% males) completed questionnaires covering demographic information, driving violations, traffic accidents, and symptoms of ADHD. In addition, they underwent an objective attentional network task (ANT), based on Posner’s concept of attentional networks. Results: More frequent traffic violations, correlated with lower age and poorer performance on the attentional network tasks. Higher symptoms of ADHD were associated with more accidents and more traffic violations, but not with the performance of the attentional tasks. Higher ADHD scores, a poorer performance on attentional network tasks, and younger age predicted traffic violations. Only higher symptoms of ADHD predicted more traffic accidents. Conclusions: In a sample of Iranian drivers, self-rated symptoms of ADHD appeared to be associated with traffic violations and accidents, while symptoms of ADHD were unrelated to objectively assessed performance on an attentional network task. Poor attentional network performance was a significant predictor of traffic violations but not of accidents. To increase traffic safety, both symptoms of ADHD and attentional network performance appear to merit particular attention.

Impaired and enhanced attentional function in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KOSCHACK ◽  
H. J. KUNERT ◽  
G. DERICHS ◽  
G. WENIGER ◽  
E. IRLE
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Attentional Tasks

Background. The symptom domain of inattention in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggests that there are neuropsychological fields of attention in which subjects with ADHD express deficits. However, studies using differentiated neuropsychological attentional tests in ADHD are lacking.Method. A consecutive series of 35 subjects with ADHD aged 9–12 years were assessed on a computer-driven neuropsychological test battery for attentional functions. Their performance was classified according to the data of a normative sample of 187 healthy subjects aged 9–12 years, and compared with the performance of 35 matched healthy control subjects.Results. According to normative data, most ADHD subjects performed on all attentional measures within the normal range. Comparisons with the control group revealed that ADHD subjects reacted faster on all attentional tests, yielding statistical significance for the Go/No go test and the Divided Attention test. They also performed with significantly fewer errors on the Divided Attention test. On the Go/No go test, Visual Scanning test and Attentional Shift test ADHD subjects committed significantly more errors than control subjects.Conclusions. Our results suggest a differential pattern rather than a deficit pattern of attentional functions in ADHD. It is suggested that the more rapid response style of ADHD subjects leads to a more erroneous performance in self-paced attentional tasks and to a better performance in externally paced attentional tasks. However, neuropsychological tests of attention do not contribute to the clinical diagnosis of ADHD.

scholarly journals Effects of Traffic Violation and Demographic Characteristics on Traffic Safety in Sulaymaniyah City

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Burhan Muhamad ◽  
◽  
Hardy Karim ◽  
Hemn Ahmed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Traffic Violation

One of the major causes to increase traffic accidents is traffic violations from drivers that occur on road networks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of traffic violation and demographic characteristics of the drivers on the traffic safety in Sulaymaniyah urban street networks. A questionnaire survey approach was used to collect data from 244 drivers; 143 male and 101 female drivers. The questionnaire form included ten questions; six of the questions were related to the traffic violations types and four of them were related to the demographic parameters of the drivers. Each of the drivers answer scored on a six-point Likert scale (1 = never, to 6 = almost always). Statistical Minitab 16 software was used to statistically evaluate the data and compare the scores using z-test, then obtain the descriptive statistics. There were significant differences between the violation scores from male and female drivers. It was realized that the male drivers drive their vehicles in more violative manner than female drivers because male drivers had higher scores in all types of the moving vehicle violations and overall violations compared to female drivers. The female drivers had a smaller number of accidents, age, and travelling distance than male drivers. The old age drivers do fewer violations than young drivers. Drivers having high travelling distance per week do more violations than drivers having less driving distance per week. The overall violation score correlates with the age of drivers (rs = 0.247), number of accidents (rs = 0.265). All types of the violation measurements are highly correlated with the overall average value of the violation. However, the overall value of the violation score for all of the drivers was 18.1 out of 100. Efforts should be spent by traffic police to reduce number of traffic accidents and improving efficiency of the traffic flows in Sulaymaniyah City for the street networks. Rather than stopping traffic police on intersections, it is preferred to traffic police observe the drivers’ violation on the streets during driving. Regarding to the driving license, traffic police can concentrate more to male and young drivers.

scholarly journals Analysis of Influencing Factors of Traffic Accidents in Undersea Tunnel

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Yang Yong- Zheng ◽  
Yao Mei
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Traffic Violations

This study aims to study the influencing factors of traffic accidents in undersea tunnels and establish a prediction model of undersea tunnel traffic accidents. Through face-to-face inquiry and telephone survey, the relevant information of drivers who had traffic accidents in Jiaozhou Bay undersea tunnel from 2018 to 2019 was obtained, and the relevant information of citizens passing through Jiaozhou Bay undersea tunnel was obtained by posting questionnaires on the Internet. Based on whether there were traffic accidents in undersea tunnel, the drivers with undersea tunnel driving experience were divided into accident group and control group. Through the single factor analysis of the data, it is found that drinking, bad driving habits, having traffic accident experience, speeding and other thirteen factors have an important impact on the occurrence of traffic accidents undersea tunnel. Multivariate analysis was carried out on thirteen factors with significant influence, and a model for predicting the probability of accidents in undersea tunnels was established. Five influencing factors of speeding, the following distance is too small, carelessness, illegal lane change and having traffic accidents experience entered the model, with OR values of 7.11(2.94-18.90), 2.35(1.17-4.08), 3.99(1.23-7.45), 2.68(1.15-6.39) and 3.95(1.78-6.11). The occurrence of accidents in undersea tunnel is related to the length of the tunnel and the traffic flow. For an undersea tunnel with a length of 7 km and an average daily traffic flow of 50000 vehicles, the number of daily traffic accidents is 1.96. The driver’s violations and the driver’s carelessness are the main factors in undersea tunnel traffic accident. In order to improve the traffic safety of undersea tunnel, government departments should step up enforcement against traffic violations. In addition, the undersea tunnel management department needs to consider taking measures to improve the harsh and monotonous environment in the tunnel. This study provides an empirical basis for the prevention of traffic accidents in undersea tunnels.

scholarly journals Functional asymmetry in the central brain regions in boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder detected by Event Related Potentials during performance of the Attentional Network Test

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Marques Abramov ◽  
Carlos Alberto Mourão ◽  
Carla Quero Cunha ◽  
Monique Castro Pontes ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Galhanone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attentional Network ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Attentional Network Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundVarious functional asymmetries detected by different neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods have been reported in the literature on the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), some of them pointing to the right hemisphere activity. In our attempt to discriminate the ADHD patients from normal subjects by hierarchical clustering of behavioural, psychological and event related potential (ERP) variables, the late P3 component of potentials from the right central region (C4) proved to be one of the most informative parameters (in preparation for publication). Here, we have studied the differences in ERPs between the left (C3) and right (C4) central leads and relation of this asymmetry to ADHD diagnosed using DSM.Methods20 typically developing (TD) boys and 19 boys diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR, aged 10-13 years, were examined by the Attentional Network Test (ANT), with simultaneous recording of the respective ERPs. The intergroup differences in the ERP amplitude parameters in the left (C3) and right (C4) central channels and in the difference in these parameters between the two channels (C3 minus C4) were accessed. These characteristics were compared to the subjects DSM scores and ANT performance.ResultsThe target-related potentials late characteristics from the C4 and C3 did not shown significant difference between the groups. The difference between ERPs of the C3 and C4 channels inside the interval of 40-290 ms after target onset was larger in the ADHD group than in control, mainly for incongruent target condition. This asymmetry and right late component were correlated with DSM scores, mainly to hyperactive and impulsive criteria.ConclusionIn ADHD patients, the results suggest ERP pattern of right-side functional predominance in the motor control, which correlates to DSM scores, mainly to hyperactive and impulsive criteria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document