Effectiveness of a Community-Based Intervention to Increase Supermarket Vendors’ Compliance with Age Restrictions for Alcohol Sales in Spain: A Pilot Study

In Spain the legal age to buy alcohol is 18 years. However, official surveys show that minors perceive alcohol availability to be easy. This paper describes the impacts of a community-based intervention to increase vendors’ compliance with age limits regarding alcohol sales in supermarkets. The aim of this study was to explore the association between implementation of a multicomponent intervention to reduce adolescents’ alcohol use and sale of alcohol to minors in the city of Palma (Spain). Twenty trained adolescents (14–17 years old) conducted 138 alcohol test purchases in nine supermarket chains in August 2018 (baseline; n = 73) prior to the intervention, and again in January 2020 (follow-up; n = 65). Analysis was conducted according to three levels of intervention implemented across the supermarkets: (i) personnel from the supermarkets’ Human Resources or Corporate Social Responsibility teams received alcohol service training as trainers (i.e., community mobilization); (ii) managers and vendors training by the capacitated trainers; and (iii) no training of managers or vendors (i.e., control group). In the supermarkets that completed the Training of Trainers and the vendors’ training program, average sales decreased significantly from 76.9% in 2018 to 45.5% in 2020, asking for the age of the shopper significantly increased from 3.8% to 45.4%, and asking for proof of age significantly increased from 15.4% to 72.7%. Additionally, a statistically significant increase was observed in the visibility of prohibition to sell alcohol to minors’ signs, from 61.5% to 100%. No statistically significant differences were found for the Training of Trainers intervention alone nor in the control group. In conclusion, community mobilization combined with staff training is associated with significant increases in supermarket vendors’ compliance with alcohol legislation in Spain.

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The Effect of Javanese Language Videos with a Community Based Interactive Approach Method as an Educational Instrument for Knowledge, Perception, and Adherence amongst Tuberculosis Patients

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy9020086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Fauna Herawati ◽

Yuni Megawati ◽

Aslichah ◽

Retnosari Andrajati ◽

Rika Yulia

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Personal Control ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Interactive Approach ◽

Community Based ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Impact

The long period of tuberculosis treatment causes patients to have a high risk of forgetting or stopping the medication altogether, which increases the risk of oral anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. The patient’s knowledge and perception of the disease affect the patient’s adherence to treatment. This research objective was to determine the impact of educational videos in the local language on the level of knowledge, perception, and adherence of tuberculosis patients in the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Bangil. This quasi-experimental study design with a one-month follow-up allocated 62 respondents in the intervention group and 60 in the control group. The pre- and post-experiment levels of knowledge and perception were measured with a validated set of questions. Adherence was measured by pill counts. The results showed that the intervention increases the level of knowledge of the intervention group higher than that of the control group (p-value < 0.05) and remained high after one month of follow-up. The perceptions domains that changed after education using Javanese (Ngoko) language videos with the Community Based Interactive Approach (CBIA) method were the timeline, personal control, illness coherence, and emotional representations (p-value < 0.05). More than 95% of respondents in the intervention group take 95% of their pill compared to 58% of respondents in the control group (p-value < 0.05). Utilization of the local languages for design a community-based interactive approach to educate and communicate is important and effective.

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Maternal depression trajectories from 3 months to 11 years postpartum and offspring body composition in early adolescence

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019005196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (13) ◽

pp. 2327-2335

Author(s):

Simone Farías-Antúnez ◽

Alicia Matijasevich ◽

Aluísio Jardim Dornellas de Barros ◽

Iná da Silva dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Maternal Depression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

Community Based ◽

High Group ◽

Symptom Trajectories ◽

Trajectory Group ◽

The City

AbstractObjective:To investigate the effect of maternal depressive symptom trajectories, from 3 months to 11 years postpartum, on the offspring’s body composition at 11 years of age.Design:Data from the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort, from the perinatal interview and from the 3-, 12-, 24- and 48-month and 6- and 11-year follow-ups.Setting:Community-based sample from the city of Pelotas, located in southern Brazil with approximately 350 000 inhabitants. The maternal depression symptom trajectories were identified through a semi-parametric group-based modelling approach, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with data from 3 months to 11 years postpartum.Participants:A total of 3467 (81·9 % of the total cohort).Results:Five trajectory groups of EPDS scores were identified (‘Low’, ‘Moderate low’, ‘Increasing’, ‘Decreasing’ and ‘Chronic high’). A total of 170 women (4·9 %) from the sample belonged to the ‘Chronic high’ group, having scored ≥13 EPDS points at every follow-up. Mean BMI in the ‘Low’ trajectory group was 0·77 (z-score 1·4), compared with 0·56 (z-score 1·4) in the ‘Chronic high’ group. Children from mothers in the ‘Chronic high’ group had lower fat mass (FM) (–1·34 ± 0·64 kg), FM% (–2·02 ± 0·85 percentage points) and FM index (–0·57 ± 0·27 kg/m2), compared with children from mothers in the ‘Low’ trajectory group. Adjusted analyses showed that sustained or transitory maternal depressive symptoms during childhood had no effect on the offspring’s body composition indices at 11 years of age.Conclusion:Children raised by chronically depressed mothers have body composition indices at 11 years of age that are similar to those of children whose mothers have never been depressed.

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Effects of a Community-based Follow-up Program for Parents with Premature Infants on Parenting Stress, Parenting Efficacy, and Coping

Child Health Nursing Research ◽

10.4094/chnr.2020.26.3.366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 366-375

Author(s):

Eun Sun Ji ◽

Ka Ka Shim

Keyword(s):

Parenting Stress ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Coping Behavior ◽

Home Visits ◽

Control Group ◽

Community Based ◽

Parenting Efficacy ◽

And Coping ◽

Experimental Group

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a community-based follow-up program on parenting stress, parenting efficacy, and coping among parents with premature infants.Methods: A non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. This program consisted of structured home visits and self-help group meetings for 6 months. The experimental group (n=29) received visits by an experienced neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurse and the control group (n=27) was visited by a visiting nurse. Data were analyzed using the x2 test, t-test, and analysis of covariance.Results: Parents' coping behavior significantly differed in the experimental group compared to the control group (t=3.14, p=.003). In particular, coping subscale I, for maintaining the family situation (t=2.63, p=.011), and subscale III, for understanding the infant's medical situation (t=4.30, p<.001), showed significant differences in the experimental group. There were no significant between-group differences in parenting stress or parenting efficacy.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that home visits by an experienced NICU nurse provided through a community-based follow-up program were an effective intervention to improve coping behavior among parents with premature infants.

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Challenges and Innovations in a Community-Based Participatory Randomized Controlled Trial

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198116639243 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jessica R. Goodkind ◽

Suha Amer ◽

Charlisa Christian ◽

Julia Meredith Hess ◽

Deborah Bybee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Ethical Challenges ◽

Community Based ◽

Support Intervention ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Research Interviews ◽

Important Design

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are a long-standing and important design for conducting rigorous tests of the effectiveness of health interventions. However, many questions have been raised about the external validity of RCTs, their utility in explicating mechanisms of intervention and participants’ intervention experiences, and their feasibility and acceptability. In the current mixed-methods study, academic and community partners developed and implemented an RCT to test the effectiveness of a collaboratively developed community-based advocacy, learning, and social support intervention. The goals of the intervention were to address social determinants of health and build trust and connections with other mental health services in order to reduce mental health disparities among Afghan, Great Lakes Region African, and Iraqi refugee adults and to engage and retain refugees in trauma-focused treatment, if needed. Two cohorts completed the intervention between 2013 and 2015. Ninety-three adult refugees were randomly assigned to intervention or control group and completed four research interviews (pre-, mid-, and postintervention, and follow-up). Several challenges to conducting a community-based RCT emerged, including issues related to interviewer intervention to assist participants in the control group, diffusion of intervention resources throughout the small refugee communities, and staff and community concerns about the RCT design and what evidence is meaningful to demonstrate intervention effectiveness. These findings highlight important epistemological, methodological, and ethical challenges that should be considered when conducting community-based RCTs and interpreting results from them. In addition, several innovations were developed to address these challenges, which may be useful for other community–academic partnerships engaged in RCTs.

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Changes in Young People's Alcohol Consumption with Improved Availability of Medium Strength Beer. The Case of Pietarsaari

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs ◽

10.1177/145507259801500301 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 168-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raine Valli

Keyword(s):

Social Change ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Young People ◽

Alcoholic Beverage ◽

Control Group ◽

Retail Sale ◽

Medium Strength ◽

Age Limits ◽

One Year ◽

The City

After a lengthy battle, Pietarsaari finally sanctioned the retail sale of medium strength beer in 1993. Since then, medium strength beer has been available not only at the State retail shops selling wines and spirits but also at various grocery shops in the area. This article explores changes in the alcohol consumption of 13–17 year-olds within one year of the liberalisation. A control group from the city of Porvoo was included in the study in order to discern the changes actually resulting from the sanctioning of retail sale from changes that were caused by more general social change. The Pietarsaari sample included all the young people attending schools: some 1,300 pupils both at the beginning of the study and in the final survey. As feared by those who had opposed the liberalisation, age limits were observed less strictly: more and more minors were able to purchase alcohol from the grocery shops. The year also saw a notable rise (from 30 % to 44 %) in the consumption of medium strength beer. The overall alcohol consumption in Finland did not increase, however; the change was purely structural in nature. Medium strength beer became the alcoholic beverage of choice for both girls and boys, even though girls had previously shown a preference for wines.

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Effectiveness of community-based health education and home support program to reduce blood pressure among patients with uncontrolled hypertension in Nepal: A cluster-randomized trial

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0258406

Author(s):

Mahesh Kumar Khanal ◽

Pratiksha Bhandari ◽

Raja Ram Dhungana ◽

Pratik Bhandari ◽

Lal B. Rawal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Health Education ◽

Usual Care ◽

Reduce Blood Pressure ◽

Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽

Control Group ◽

Community Based ◽

Home Support ◽

Cluster Randomized

Background Hypertension is a major global public health problem. Elevated blood pressure can cause cardiovascular and kidney diseases. We assessed the effectiveness of health education sessions and home support programs in reducing blood pressure among patients with uncontrolled hypertension in a suburban community of Nepal. Methods We conducted a community-based, open-level, parallel-group, cluster randomized controlled trial in Birendranagar municipality of Surkhet, Nepal. We randomly assigned four clusters (wards) into intervention and control arms. We provided four health education sessions, frequent home and usual care for intervention groups over six months. The participants of the control arm received only usual care from health facilities. The primary outcome of this study was the proportion of controlled systolic blood pressure (SBP). The analysis included all participants who completed follow-up at six months. Results 125 participants were assigned to either the intervention (n = 63) or the control (n = 62) group. Of them, 60 participants in each group completed six months follow-up. The proportion of controlled SBP was significantly higher among the intervention participants compared to the control (58.3% vs. 40%). Odds ratio of this was 2.1 with 95% CI: 1.01–4.35 (p = 0.046) and that of controlled diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 1.31 (0.63–2.72) (p = 0.600). The mean change (follow-up minus baseline) in SBP was significantly higher in the intervention than in the usual care (-18.7 mmHg vs. -11.2 mmHg, p = 0.041). Such mean change of DBP was also higher in the intervention (-10.95 mmHg vs. -5.53 mmHg, p = 0.065). The knowledge score on hypertension improved by 2.38 (SD 2.4) in the intervention arm, which was significantly different from that of the control group, 0.13 (1.8) (p<0.001). Conclusions Multiple health education sessions complemented by frequent household visits by health volunteers can effectively improve knowledge on hypertension and reduce blood pressure among uncontrolled hypertensive patients at the community level in Nepal. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02981251

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Effectiveness of Group Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Depression

International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.43.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Zeinab Khairkhah ◽

Ahmad Borjali ◽

Faramarz Sohrabi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Training Group ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Control Group ◽

Emotional Symptoms ◽

The City ◽

Experimental Group

The present research was done with the aim of determining the effectiveness of group Cognitive – Behavioral therapy on reducing depression and its subscales (emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms and physical symptoms) among the wives of the martyrs in the city of Tehran. First, 200 wives of the martyrs were randomly selected from among the wives of the martyrs who had referred to the counseling center of the Foundation of Martyrs and the questionnaire of depression was administered on them. The subjects whose level of depression was higher than the average level were determined and from among them 60 people were randomly chosen and later they were divided into two equal groups and from these two groups, by drawing one group was selected as the experimental and the other was selected as the control group. In the pretest stage, the questionnaire was administered on the subjects and the experimental group was placed under training, i.e. group cognitive-behavioral therapy, while the control group received no such therapy. In the posttest stage, the questionnaire of depression was carried out on both groups and one month later, the follow up stage was administered. Findings revealed that training group cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on decreasing depression on the wives of the martyrs in Tehran. Findings also indicated depression among the experimental group and in the follow up stage they enjoyed necessary constancy. It is concluded that the group cognitive-behavioral therapy has considerably diminished depression among the wives.

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In-Service Training for Increasing Teachers’ ADHD Knowledge and Self-Efficacy

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054717707045 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 270-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alexandre Pascal Latouche ◽

Michael Gascoigne

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Training Workshop ◽

School Teachers ◽

Primary School Teachers ◽

Brief Training ◽

Service Training

Objective: The aim of this article is to evaluate the efficacy of a brief in-service training workshop at increasing primary school teachers’ ADHD knowledge and sense of self-efficacy. Method: Teachers from 10 schools participated in the study ( n = 274) and were allocated into either an intervention or waitlist control group. Teachers’ ADHD knowledge and self-efficacy were assessed following the provision of a brief training workshop on ADHD. Knowledge and self-efficacy retention were also assessed at a 1-month follow-up. Results: Within the intervention group, ADHD knowledge and self-efficacy increased following the intervention (both ps < .001). Knowledge increased more than twofold, from very low to high levels, although increases in self-efficacy were more modest. Both knowledge and self-efficacy decreased at the 1-month follow-up but, nevertheless, remained higher than baseline levels ( p < .001). Conclusion: Results demonstrate that a brief training workshop can increase primary school teachers’ ADHD knowledge and self-efficacy. Whilst increases in self-efficacy were modest, our findings suggest that a brief professional development intervention can be utilized to greatly increase teachers’ ADHD knowledge, providing a cost-effective, practical solution to address this well-evidenced gap in teachers’ training and knowledge about the disorder.

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The impact of community-based eHealth self-management intervention among elderly living alone with hypertension

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare ◽

10.1177/1357633x15621467 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 167-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hyesun Jung ◽

Jong-Eun Lee

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Management ◽

Control Group ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Community Based ◽

The Impact

Introduction This study intended to examine the effect of an eHealth self-management (eHSM) intervention on elderly Korean persons who live alone in a community. Methods A quasi-experimental study was designed, and a total of 64 elderly persons (intervention n = 31, control n = 33) with hypertension (a systolic blood pressure measurement of ≥140 and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg) or taking anti-hypertensive medication participated. The eHSM intervention consisted of a four-week, in-class educational phase, community-based eHealth monitoring, and monthly telephone counselling for 24 weeks. Results The primary outcome measurement of the study was BP, and secondary outcomes included psycho-behavioural variables. Specifically, the systolic BP among intervention group participants was 133.9 mm Hg at baseline and 122.5 mm Hg after 24 weeks of follow-up. Participants in the intervention group showed greater improvement in self-efficacy, self-care behaviour, and social support than did participants in the control group 24 weeks post-intervention. Discussion The results highlight the clinical efficacy of an eHSM intervention composed of a four-week education program, self-monitoring, and follow-up counselling. The eHSM intervention should be expanded to include community-dwelling elderly persons with hypertension to improve the self-management of hypertension and control of blood pressure.

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Community-Based Training–Detraining Intervention in Older Women: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2013-0241 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 496-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Helen T. Douda ◽

Konstantina V. Kosmidou ◽

Ilias Smilios ◽

Konstantinos A. Volaklis ◽

Savvas P. Tokmakidis

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Older Women ◽

Test Performance ◽

Functional Ability ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Community Based ◽

Training Groups

This five-year follow-up nonrandomized controlled study evaluated community-based training and detraining on body composition and functional ability in older women. Forty-two volunteers (64.3 ± 5.1 years) were divided into four groups: aerobic training, strength training, combined aerobic and strength, and control. Body composition and physical fitness were measured at baseline, after nine months of training and after three months of detraining every year. After five years of training, body fat decreased, and fat free mass, strength, and chair test performance increased (p < .05) in all training groups. Training-induced favorable adaptations were reversed during detraining but, eventually, training groups presented better values than the control group even after detraining. Thus, nine months of annual training, during a five-year period, induced favorable adaptations on body composition, muscular strength, and functional ability in older women. Three months of detraining, however, changed the favorable adaptations and underlined the need for uninterrupted exercise throughout life.

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