scholarly journals Erratum: Khan, A.A., et al. Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7458

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9458
Author(s):  
Anas A. Khan ◽  
Yazed AlRuthia ◽  
Bander Balkhi ◽  
Sultan M. Alghadeer ◽  
Mohamad-Hani Temsah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Direct Medical Costs

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scholarly journals Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Khan ◽  
Yazed AlRuthia ◽  
Bander Balkhi ◽  
Sultan Alghadeer ◽  
Mohamad-Hani Temsah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
General Medical Ward ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Hospitalization Costs

Objectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH) between 1 March and 29 May 2020. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses and multiple Cox proportional-hazards regression were conducted to assess the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from hospital admission to discharge (censored) or death. Micro-costing was used to estimate the direct medical costs associated with hospitalization per patient. Results: The number of included patients with complete status (discharge or death) was 1422. The overall 14-day survival was 0.699 (95%CI: 0.652–0.741). Older adults (>70 years) (HR = 5.00, 95%CI = 2.83–8.91), patients on MVs (5.39, 3.83–7.64), non-Saudi patients (1.37, 1.01–1.89), and ICU admission (2.09, 1.49–2.93) were associated with a high risk of mortality. The mean cost per patient (in SAR) for those admitted to the general Medical Ward (GMW) and ICU was 42,704.49 ± 29,811.25 and 79,418.30 ± 55,647.69, respectively. Conclusion: The high hospitalization costs for COVID-19 patients represents a significant public health challenge. Efficient allocation of healthcare resources cannot be emphasized enough.

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Public Health Care Was Higher Than That of Hospitalization and Treatment Associated With COVID-19 in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Liang ◽  
Lun Xiao ◽  
Xue-Li Yang ◽  
Xue-Fei Zhong ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is essential to evaluate the socioeconomic burden imposed on the Chinese health care system.Methods: We prospectively collected information from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the designated hospitals to determine the cost of public health care and hospitalization due to COVID-19. We estimated the resource use and direct medical costs per confirmed case and the costs associated with public health care per thousand people at the national level.Results: The average costs per case for specimen collection and nucleic acid testing (NAT) were $29.49 and $53.44, respectively, while the average cost of NAT for high-risk populations was $297.94 per capita. The average costs per thousand people for epidemiological surveys, disinfectant, health education and centralized isolation were $49.54, $247.01, $90.22 and $543.72, respectively. A single hospitalization for COVID-19 in China cost an average of $3,792.69 ($2,754.82-$5,393.76) in direct medical costs incurred only during hospitalization, while the total costs associated with hospitalization were estimated to have reached nearly $31,229.39 million in China as of 20 May 2020. The cost of public health care ($6.81 billion) was 20 times that of hospitalization.Conclusions: This study highlights the magnitude of resources needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic and treat COVID-19 cases. Public health measures implemented by the Chinese government have been valuable with regard to reducing the infection rate and may be cost-effective ways to control emerging infectious diseases.

scholarly journals PDB45 Direct Medical Costs of Diabetes-Related Complications in Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. A178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hnoosh ◽  
G. Vega-Hernández ◽  
A. Jugrin ◽  
L. Todorova
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Direct Medical Costs

scholarly journals Impact of noncommunicable diseases on direct medical costs and worker productivity, Saudi Arabia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Malkin ◽  
Eric A. Finkelstein ◽  
Drishti Baid ◽  
Ada Alqunaibet ◽  
Sami Almudarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Worker Productivity ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Workforce Productivity

Background: The prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been increasing in Saudi Arabia. Aim: Our objective was to estimate the effect of NCDs on direct medical costs and workforce productivity in Saudi Arabia. Methods: To estimate direct medical costs, we estimated the unit cost of treating 10 NCDs, then multiplied the unit cost by disease prevalence and summed across diseases. To estimate workforce productivity losses, we multiplied gross domestic product per person in the labour force by the loss in productivity from each NCD and the prevalence in the labour force of each NCD. Results: We estimated annual direct medical costs of 11.8 billion international dollars (Int$) for the 10 NCDs assessed (13.6% of total annual health expenditure). We estimated workforce productivity losses of Int$ 75.7 billion (4.5% of gross domestic product). Conclusion: The economic burden of NCDs in Saudi Arabia – particularly the effect on worker productivity – is substantial.

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