scholarly journals Poor Cognitive Function Is Associated with Obstructive Lung Diseases in Taiwanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Sun-Wung Hsieh ◽  
Da-Wei Wu ◽  
Chih-Wen Wang ◽  
Szu-Chia Chen ◽  
Chih-Hsing Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Obstructive Lung Diseases ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Function Group

Previous studies have reported an association between the impairment of cognitive performance and lung diseases. However, whether obstructive or restrictive lung diseases have an impact on cognitive function is still inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between cognitive function and obstructive or restrictive lung diseases in Taiwanese adults using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In this study, we used data from the Taiwan Biobank. Cognitive function was evaluated using the MMSE. Spirometry measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained to assess lung function. Participants were classified into three groups according to lung function, namely, normal, restrictive, and obstructive lung function. In total, 683 patients enrolled, of whom 357 participants had normal lung function (52.3%), 95 had restrictive lung function (13.9%), and 231 had obstructive lung function (33.8%). Compared to the normal lung function group, the obstructive lung function group was associated with a higher percentage of cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24). In multivariable analysis, a low MMSE score was significantly associated with low FVC, low FEV1, and low FEV1/FVC. Furthermore, a low MMSE score was significantly associated with low FEV1 in the participants with FEV1/FVC < 70%, whereas MMSE was not significantly associated with FVC in the participants with FEV1/FVC ≥ 70%. Our results showed that a low MMSE score was associated with low FEV1, low FVC and low FEV1/FVC. Furthermore, a low MMSE score was associated with obstructive lung diseases but not with restrictive lung diseases.

scholarly journals Correlation between Level of Autophagy and Amount of CD8+T Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songming Zhuo ◽  
Hong Zhuang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Sida Chen ◽  
Wugen Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Function Group

Abstract Background: This study aimed to shed light on the correlation between the amounts of CD8+ T cells and autophagy level in COPD. Results: The objects (n = 90) were divided into three groups: COPD group (patients in the stable phase; n = 30), SN group (healthy control of smoking with normal lung function group; n = 30), and NSN groups (healthy control of non-smoking with normal lung function group; n = 30). The amounts of CD8+ (32.33 ± 4.23%), CD8+ effector (25.63 ± 8.57%) and CD8+memory (11.94 ± 5.77%) T cell in the COPD group were significantly higher those in the other two groups, while the apoptotic rate was lower in the COPD group (P < 0.05). Significant linear correlations were found of P62/GAPDH (‰) with CD8+, CD8+effector, and CD8+ memory- T cell amounts (P<0.001). Conclusions: Autophagy level is positively and linearly associated with the amounts of CD8+ T cells, suggesting that cell autophagy might be involved in COPD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Asthma Symptoms Do not Predict Spirometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L Cowie ◽  
Margot F Underwood ◽  
Stephen K Field
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Routine Assessment

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, but the measurement of airflow is often omitted in the process of diagnosis and management of the disease.OBJECTIVES: Features of asthma severity and control were examined to determine the extent to which objective measurements, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity, correlated with other manifestations of the disease.METHODS: Subjects were a consecutive sample of patients with asthma attending a university-based asthma clinic. All subjects underwent routine assessment using a standard questionnaire and spirometry.RESULTS: A total of 500 subjects were included in the present study, and their assessment showed that neither symptoms nor history could predict or be predicted by their measurements of lung function.CONCLUSION: Routine measurement of lung function should be performed on subjects with asthma if normal or near-normal lung function is a desired component of asthma control.

Small airway morphology and lung function in the transition from normality to chronic airway obstruction

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Corsico ◽  
Manlio Milanese ◽  
Simonetta Baraldo ◽  
Gian Luca Casoni ◽  
Alberto Papi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Lung Resection ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
Normal Lung Function

This study investigated the relationships between pathological changes in small airways (<6 mm perimeter) and lung function in 22 nonasthmatic subjects (20 smokers) undergoing lung resection for peripheral lesions. Preoperative pulmonary function tests revealed airway obstruction [ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) < 70%] in 12 subjects and normal lung function in 10. When all subjects were considered together, total airway wall thickness was significantly correlated with FEV1/FVC ( r2 = 0.25), reactivity to methacholine ( r2 = 0.26), and slope of linear regression of FVC against FEV1 values recorded during the methacholine challenge ( r2 = 0.56). Loss of peribronchiolar alveolar attachments was significantly associated ( r2 = 0.25) with a bronchoconstrictor effect of deep inhalation, as assessed from a maximal-to-partial expiratory flow ratio <1, but not with airway responses to methacholine. No significant correlation was found between airway smooth muscle thickness and lung function measurements. In conclusion, this study suggests that thickening of the airway wall is a major mechanism for airway closure, whereas loss of airway-to-lung interdependence may contribute to the bronchoconstrictor effect of deep inhalation in the transition from normal lung function to airway obstruction in nonasthmatic smokers.

scholarly journals Asthma‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: A clinical entity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophilic Inflammation ◽  
Normal Lung Function

Asthma and COPD are easily recognizable clinical entities in their characteristic presentations. Asthma is an early-onset disorder characterized by Type 2, eosinophil-predominant, inflammation of the airways and is associated with atopy. COPD presents in middle age and is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation of the airways and is associated with cigarette smoking or biomass fuel exposure. Between exacerbations, asthma typically has normal lung function whereas COPD has incompletely reversible lung function. Approximately one in five patients with either of these disorders will show some features of both COPD and Asthma. This overlap is far more common than can be accounted for by chance concurrence of two common diseases. There are likely genetic and environmental susceptibilities to both disorders, but there is no single pathobiological mechanism that identifies all such overlap patients. Most likely there are numerous predispositions that lead to Asthma-COPD overlap that may be grounded in early childhood or even pre-natal events. Thus, Asthma-COPD overlap is best considered a family of diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations. The future elucidation of these different pathways to Asthma-COPD overlap, in conjunction with highly targeted therapies will aid clinicians in treating these patients.

scholarly journals Predicted Values for Spirometry may Underestimate Long-Standing Asthma Severity

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Sposato
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Predicted Values

Background: Asthma may show an accelerated lung function decline. Asthmatics, although having FEV1 and FEV1/VC (and z-scores) higher than the lower limit of normality, may show a significant FEV1 decline when compared to previous measurements. We assessed how many asymptomatic long-standing asthmatics (LSA) with normal lung function showed a significant FEV1 decline when an older FEV1 was taken as reference point. Methods: 46 well-controlled LSA (age: 48.8±12.1; 23 females) with normal FEV1 and FEV1/VC according to GLI2012 references (FEV1: 94.8±10.1%, z-score:-0.38±0.79; FEV1/VC: 79.3±5.2, z-score:-0.15±0.77) were selected. We considered FEV1 decline, calculated by comparing the latest value to one at least five years older or to the highest predicted value measured at 21 years for females and 23 for males. A FEV1 decline >15% or 30 ml/years was regarded as pathological. Results: When comparing the latest FEV1 to an at least 5-year-older one (mean 8.1±1.4 years between 2 measurements), 14 subjects (30.4%) showed a FEV1 decline <5% (mean: -2.2±2.6%), 19 (41.3%) had a FEV1 5-15% change (mean: -9.2±2.5%) and 13 (28.3%) a FEV1 decrease>15% (mean: -18.3±2.4). Subjects with a FEV1 decline>30 ml/year were 28 (60.8%). When using the highest predicted FEV1 as reference point and declines were corrected by subtracting the physiological decrease, 6 (13%) patients showed a FEV1 decline higher than 15%, whereas asthmatics with a FEV1 loss>30 ml/year were 17 (37%). Conclusion: FEV1 decline calculation may show how severe asthma actually is, avoiding a bronchial obstruction underestimation and a possible under-treatment in lots of apparent “well-controlled” LSA with GLI2012-normal-range lung function values.

scholarly journals Diagnostic usefulness of impulse oscillometry in adult asthmatics with normal lung function

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 100213
Author(s):  
Sung-Ryeol Kim ◽  
Kyungchul Kim ◽  
Kyung Hee Park ◽  
Jung-Won Park ◽  
Jae-Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Impulse Oscillometry ◽  
Normal Lung Function ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness

scholarly journals Predictive Modelling of Lung Function using Emphysematous Density Distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Lung Lor ◽  
Cheng-Pei Liu ◽  
Yeun-Chung Chang ◽  
Chong-Jen Yu ◽  
Cheng-Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Chronic Obstructive

AbstractTarget lung tissue selection remains a challenging task to perform for treating severe emphysema with lung volume reduction (LVR). In order to target the treatment candidate, the percentage of low attenuation volume (LAV%) representing the proportion of emphysema volume to whole lung volume is measured using computed tomography (CT) images. Although LAV% have shown to have a correlation with lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), similar measurements of LAV% in whole lung or lobes may have large variations in lung function due to emphysema heterogeneity. The functional information of regional emphysema destruction is required for supporting the choice of optimal target. The purpose of this study is to develop an emphysema heterogeneity descriptor for the three-dimensional emphysematous bullae according to the size variations of emphysematous density (ED) and their spatial distribution. The second purpose is to derive a predictive model of airflow limitation based on the regional emphysema heterogeneity. Deriving the bullous representation and grouping them into four scales in the upper and lower lobes, a predictive model is computed using the linear model fitting to estimate the severity of lung function. A total of 99 subjects, 87 patients with mild to very severe COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage I~IV) and 12 control participants with normal lung functions (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) > 0.7) were evaluated. The final model was trained with stratified cross-validation on randomly selected 75% of the dataset (n = 76) and tested on the remaining dataset (n = 23). The dispersed cases of LAV% inconsistent with their lung function outcome were evaluated, and the correlation study suggests that comparing to LAV of larger bullae, the widely spread smaller bullae with equivalent LAV has a larger impact on lung function. The testing dataset has the correlation of r = −0.76 (p < 0.01) between the whole lung LAV% and FEV1/FVC, whereas using two ED % of scales and location-dependent variables to predict the emphysema-associated FEV1/FVC, the results shows their correlation of 0.82 (p < 0.001) with clinical FEV1/FVC.

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