scholarly journals Stigma and Discrimination towards People Living with HIV in the Context of Families, Communities, and Healthcare Settings: A Qualitative Study in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5424
Author(s):  
Nelsensius Klau Fauk ◽  
Karen Hawke ◽  
Lillian Mwanri ◽  
Paul Russell Ward
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Living With Hiv

HIV stigma and discrimination are a major challenge facing people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally. As part of a larger qualitative study with PLHIV in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia, this paper describes the participants’ perceptions about drivers of HIV stigma and discrimination towards them within families, communities and healthcare settings, and highlights issues of HIV stigma as a social process. Participants were recruited using a snowball sampling technique. Data analysis was guided by the framework analysis for qualitative data, and conceptualization and discussion of the study findings were guided by the HIV stigma framework. The findings showed that participants experienced stigma and discrimination across settings, including in families and communities by family and community members, and in healthcare settings by healthcare professionals. The lack of knowledge about HIV, fear of contracting HIV, social and moral perceptions about HIV and PLHIV were perceived facilitators or drivers of stigma and discrimination towards PLHIV. HIV stigma and discrimination were also identified as a process linked to the whole groups of people within families or communities, which occurred within social context in Yogyakarta and Belu. The findings indicate the need for HIV education for family and community members, and healthcare providers to enhance their knowledge of HIV and improve acceptance of PLHIV within families, communities and healthcare settings.

scholarly journals HIV Stigma and Moral Judgement: Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences of HIV Stigma and Discrimination among Married Men Living with HIV in Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionius B. Mahamboro ◽  
Nelsensius K. Fauk ◽  
Paul R. Ward ◽  
Maria S. Merry ◽  
Theodorus A. Siri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Moral Judgement ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

It is well acknowledged that human immunodeficiency virus stigma (HIV stigma) challenges people living with HIV globally. There is a scarcity of information about determinants of HIV stigma and discrimination among married men in the Indonesian context. This study aimed to explore factors that contribute to stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive men married to women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from participants using a snowball sampling technique. A framework analysis was used to guide the analysis of the data. HIV stigma framework was also applied in the conceptualisation and the discussion of the findings. The findings indicate that participants experienced external stigma within healthcare facilities, communities and families. This external stigma was expressed in various discriminatory attitudes and behaviours by healthcare professionals and community and family members. Similarly, participants experienced anticipated stigma as a result of HIV stigma and discrimination experienced by other people living with HIV. Individual moral judgement associating HIV status with amoral behaviours and participants’ negative self-judgement were determinants of perceived stigma. The current findings indicate the need for training programs about HIV stigma issues for healthcare professionals. There is also a need to disseminate HIV information and to improve HIV stigma knowledge among families and communities.

scholarly journals HIV Stigma and Discrimination: Perspectives and Personal Experiences of Healthcare Providers in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelsensius Klau Fauk ◽  
Paul Russell Ward ◽  
Karen Hawke ◽  
Lillian Mwanri
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Stigma and discrimination are major challenges facing People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) globally due to their HIV status. As part of a larger qualitative study in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia, using in-depth interviews with 92 PLWHA (52 women, 40 men) and 20 healthcare providers, this paper describes perspectives and personal experiences of the 20 healthcare providers, relating to HIV stigma and discrimination toward PLWHA in both study settings. The healthcare providers were recruited from healthcare facilities providing HIV-related healthcare services, using a snowball sampling technique. A qualitative framework analysis was used to guide data analysis. Health stigma and discrimination framework guided the conceptualisation and discussion of the findings. The findings presented the views and perspectives of healthcare providers that HIV stigma and discrimination toward PLWHA still occurred within families, communities and healthcare settings. These were reflected in negative labelling, separation of personal belongings, avoidance, denial of treatment and rejection of PLWHA by healthcare providers, family and community members. Some healthcare providers reported that they had personally stigmatised and discriminated against PLWHA. A lack of knowledge about HIV, fear of contracting HIV, personal values, religious thoughts and sociocultural values and norms, were reported as drivers or facilitators behind this HIV-related stigma and discrimination. The findings indicate the importance of continued HIV/AIDS education for families, community members and healthcare providers, to raise awareness and to ensure that healthy and professional support systems are in place for PLWHA. The findings indicate the need to enhance improvement within the healthcare or HIV care system to adequately address the needs of PLWHA, which may facilitate their early initiation of HIV treatment and better treatment adherence and retention to increase Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) count and suppress viral load. Future studies are also needed to explore the role that government and non-government institutions can play in improving health service delivery for people newly diagnosed with HIV and those living with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Refused and referred-persistent stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS in Bihar: a qualitative study from India

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e033790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Nair ◽  
Pragya Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Pandey ◽  
Amit Harshana ◽  
Shahwar Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Universal Precautions ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore barriers to accessing care, if any, among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in two districts of Bihar. We also aimed to assess attitudes towards PLHA among healthcare providers and community members.DesignThis qualitative study used an exploratory study design through thematic analysis of semistructured, in-depth interviews.SettingTwo districts were purposively selected for the study, namely the capital Patna and a peripheral district located approximately 100 km from Patna, in order to glean insights from a diverse sample of respondents.ParticipantsOur team purposively selected 71 participants, including 35 PLHA, 10 community members and 26 healthcare providers.ResultsThe overarching theme that evolved from these data through thematic coding identified that enacted stigma and discrimination interfere with each step in the HIV care continuum for PLHA in Bihar, India, especially outside urban areas. The five themes that contributed to these results include: perception of HIV as a dirty illness at the community level; non-consensual disclosure of HIV status; reliance on identifying PLHA to guide procedures and resistance to universal precautions; refusal to treat identified PLHA and referrals to other health centres for treatment; and inadequate knowledge and fear among health providers with respect to HIV transmission.ConclusionsThe continued presence of discriminatory and stigmatising attitudes towards PLHA negatively impacts both disclosure of HIV status as well as access to care and treatment. We recognise a pressing need to improve the knowledge of HIV transmission, and implement universal precautions across all health facilities in the state, not just to reduce stigma and discrimination but also to ensure proper infection control. In order to improve treatment adherence and encourage optimal utilisation of services, it is imperative that the health system invest more in stigma reduction in Bihar and move beyond more ineffective, punitive approaches.

scholarly journals Health care providers and HIV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Living With Hiv

The current investigation seeks to examine the attitudes and beliefs of health care providers in Canada about people living with HIV. The line of research consists of three studies. Study 1 was a qualitative study conducted with a critical lens. The critical lens was used in a series of four focus groups when qualitatively soliciting opinions about the range of attitudes, behaviours and cognitions health care providers may have towards people living with HIV. Study 2 used the information gathered from Study 1 to develop a scale to assess HIV stigma in health care providers. Items were created from examples and themes found in the qualitative study, and were tested via exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, test-retest reliability analysis, and assessed for convergent and divergent validity. Study 3 examined the newly developed scale’s relationship to proposed overlapping stigmas and attitudes, and tested the adapted intersectional model of HIV-related stigma with health care trainees using the newly developed HIV stigma scale as an outcome measure. The line of research found that HIV stigma continues to be a significant problem in the health care system. The scale developed in Study 2 demonstrates that HIV stigma can be conceptualized and assessed as a tripartite model of discrimination, stereotyping and prejudice, and that this conceptualization of HIV stigma supports an intersectional model of overlapping stigmas with homophobia, racism, stigma against injection drug use and stigma against sex work.

scholarly journals How Do People Living With HIV Acquire HIV Related Information: A Qualitative Evaluation of Jakarta Setting

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mahathir Mahathir ◽  
Wiwin Wiarsih ◽  
Henny Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: People living with HIV are fully aware of their risk behavior and future threats that might arise. The rapid progress of HIV serves the population with many options of healthcare services and treatments. Insufficient knowledge and information will only lower the outcomes of HIV eradication efforts. The ultimate goals to eradicate HIV are to upscale status notification and treat all with appropriate antiretroviral and viral suppression, but it needs sufficient information to administer. Programs and interventions have already been proposed, but an inquiry is needed to ensure all the information is actually there. The study aimed to explore the experience of people living with HIV acquiring HIV-related information.Methods: This study used phenomenological qualitative study and in-depth interviews were conducted to 12 people living with HIV. Semi-structured questions were delivered to all participants which explored their tangible experience in terms of nurturing sufficient HIV-related information.Results: The study found four consequential themes:  non-government organizations play a major role in HIV education, peers are a comfortable platform to discuss, it is all over the media and healthcare personnel are a source of knowledge. Conclusion: The distribution of HIV information and knowledge is now widespread. This situation marks   part of the success in fighting HIV. Remarkable attempts can be maintained by optimizing the viable option of information delivery.  Keyword: HIV knowledge; people living with HIV; qualitative study

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