Teachers’ Moral Evaluation of Students in an Inclusive Secondary School: A Study of Minority Students’ Behaviour and School Performance

This study aims to analyze the issue of morality in a teaching and learning set up. After discussion and answering the question “Is it ever the case that teachers hold students morally blameworthy or praiseworthy for factors that are known to be beyond their control?” the study concludes that teachers hold students to be morally blameworthy or praiseworthy for factors that are beyond their control, because they do not fully comprehend their lack of control over their situation, which is still bad. The study also found that most teachers do not have a clear cross-cultural knowledge of minority students’ background causing a moral judgement dilemma of students’ behaviours and actions. A critical look at other variables that may affect students’ learning is recommended by this study.Keywords: minority students, blameworthy, praiseworthy, knowledge, moral judgement

Moral Judgement along the Academic Training

Moral reasoning and consequent decision making are central in the everyday life of all people, independent of their profession. It is undoubtedly crucial in the so-called “helping professions”, when the professional through his/her decisions can support or not support others. Our study aimed to investigate whether academic training can play an essential role in influencing moral reasoning. We used three different conditions: 20 moral personal, 20 moral impersonal, and 20 nonmoral dilemmas to assessed differences in moral judgement between students of Economics, Medicine, and Psychology at their first year and at the end of university training. We observed a difference between school and year of course: psychology students showing more time when asked to read and answer the proposed questions. Moreover, medical students showed a significant increase in sensitiveness to moral issues as a function of academic ageing, whereas such a moral sense regressed from the first to the fifth year of academic training in other students. Gender was also relevant, with women showing an increased response and reading times compared to than men when asked to cope with moral decisions. This study shows that the main factor driving moral decision making is the faculty to which one is enrolled, significantly modulated by sex and academic seniority.

The Role of Religiosity, Ethnicity and Gender Identification in Individual’s Moral Judgments; The Mediation Effect of Self-transcendence

Most recently, corporate financial scandals, and unethical behaviour cast doubt on investors and raised public concern globally. It is due to the weak corporate governance structure and low ethic awareness amongst the people. The purpose of this research is therefore to justify the factors that influence an individual’s moral judgement. This study also seeks to provide practical recommendations to corporations and different associations. As such, to evaluate the proposed hypotheses, 300 self-administered questionnaires were distributed in five universities in Malaysia using a non-probability sampling approach. As a result, the findings demonstrate that ethnicity has the highest impact on self-transcendence and moral judgement, followed by religiosity and gender identification (gender difference). The contribution of this research is to evaluate the relationships between religiosity, ethnicity, and gender identification towards moral judgement with the intervention of mediating variable (self-transcendence). In essence, ethical values and moral obligations should be highlighted in corporations, and these values should be practised and embraced into the organisational culture. Thus, organisational decision-makers should highly emphasise the role of ethicality and morality in corporations because ethical competence aligns with an employee’s responsibility as a whole.

The dual process model of moral judgement

In this article I analyse the dual process model of moral judgement. First, I set out Joshua Greene’s and Jonathan Haidt’s propositions, which represent two schools of thought on this theory. Next, I conduct a number of methodological reviews. On the one hand, I argue that the method used is tautological, while on the other, I show that the use of dilemmas is not an adequate tool with which to account for moral deliberation.

The enduring problem of ‘grey’ drone violence

This article addresses the problem of drone violence that is ‘grey’ in the sense of being hard to categorise. It focuses on circumstances, such as arose in Pakistan, in which a foreign government's armed drones are a constant presence. A lesson from US experience there is that the persistent threat of drone strikes is intended to suppress activities that endanger the drone-using state's security. However, this threat inevitably affects innocent people living within potential strike zones. To judge such drone use by reference to military ethics principles is to assume that ‘war’ is going on, but indefinite drone deployments are difficult to conceptualise as war, so traditional Just War thinking does not suffice as a basis for moral judgement. In assessing the US government's commitment to drone-based containment of risks emerging along its ‘terror frontier’, the article considers three alternative conceptualisations of drone violence arising in non-war contexts: vim (‘force short of war’), terrorism, and imperialism. It then rejects all three and proposes that such violence is better conceptualised as being merely ‘quasi-imperialistic’. On this basis, however, the sustaining of a drone strike campaign against a series of suspected terrorists can still be condemned as violating the right to life.

The Medusa effect reveals levels of mind perception in pictures

Throughout our species history, humans have created pictures. The resulting picture record reveals an overwhelming preference for depicting things with minds. This preference suggests that pictures capture something of the mind that is significant to us, albeit at reduced potency. Here, we show that abstraction dims the perceived mind, even within the same picture. In a series of experiments, people were perceived as more real, and higher in both Agency (ability to do) and Experience (ability to feel), when they were presented as pictures than when they were presented as pictures of pictures. This pattern persisted across different tasks and even when comparators were matched for identity and image size. Viewers spontaneously discriminated between different levels of abstraction during eye tracking and were less willing to share money with a more abstracted person in a dictator game. Given that mind perception underpins moral judgement, our findings suggest that depicted persons will receive greater or lesser ethical consideration, depending on the level of abstraction.

On Moral Properties

This paper is about the relation of resultance, signalled by the ‘because’ in ‘that was wrong because it was dishonest’. It distinguishes resultance from supervenience and uses that distinction to criticize R. M. Hare’s account of the logic of moral judgement in terms of his notion of universalizability. It considers the strengths and weaknesses of Ross’s novel notion of a prima facie duty and the distinction between prima facie duty and duty proper. And it argues that where one action’s rightness results from its having certain properties, it does not follow that all actions with those properties will be right, because other cases may have further properties acting as ‘defeaters’.

Interaction of the (CAG)n polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene and oral con-traceptive use on moral judgement in women

Biological factors including genetic variation are contributors to differences in moral deci-sions. Recently, Gong et al. (2017) reported that female carriers of more shorter alleles of the functional (CAG)n polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene showed enhanced en-dorsement of harmful actions. We aimed to replicate and extend these findings. N = 155 healthy young adults of Western European/German origin were genotyped for the AR (CAG)n polymorphism and completed a set of moral dilemmas that are designed to allow an estimation of underlying utilitarian and deontological tendencies in addition to the tradition-al moral score. While AR (CAG)n genotype did not affect moral judgement in men, there were (CAG)n × endocrine status interactions in the female sample, particularly on deontolo-gy. Women using oral contraceptives who carried two short (CAG)n alleles had reduced lev-els of deontology compared to carriers of long (CAG)n alleles. Descriptively, the opposite pattern emerged for free cycling women. The findings underscore the importance of andro-genic function for moral judgement and highlight the modulatory role of exogenous steroids.

Konstruksi Program Mata Najwa Episode “Gerabak-Gerubuk Urus Pagebluk” di Trans7

Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia belum ada titik penyelesaiannya, sudah berbagai macam cara yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam menangani permasalahan ini. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini adalah Presiden Joko Widodo menunjuk Luhut Binsar Panjaitan secara langsung untuk menangani kasus Covid-19 secara spesifik di provinsi prioritas. Penelitian ini memilih masalah bagaimana konstruksi pemerintah dalam menangani pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia dalam program Mata Najwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana media melalu program talk show Mata Najwa mengonstruksi upaya apa saja yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengatasi pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme, dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah tayangan Mata Najwa Episode “Gerabak-Gerubuk Urus Pagebluk”. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis framing Robert M. Entmen, yang di dalamnya memiliki dua dimensi besar, yaitu seleksi isu, dan penonjolan aspek, serta memiliki empat elemen berupa, define problems, diagnose causes, make moral judgement dan treatment recommendation. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis framing, dapat diketahui bahwa Mata Najwa lebih menampilkan aspek tertentu seperti mengenai risiko kesehatan masyarakat yang akan terancam jika pilkada tetap terus dijalankan. Mata Najwa tidak menyetujui keputusan yang dibuat oleh Presiden karena terlihat dari sebagian besar narasumber yang hadir memberikan pernyataan bahwa jika pilkada akan tetap dilaksanakan maka akan terjadi lonjakan kasus yang tinggi, dan Mata Najwa juga lebih cenderung menampilkan dampak negatif yang akan didapat jika pilkada tetap berjalan.