scholarly journals High Carbohydrate Diet Is Associated with Severe Clinical Indicators, but Not with Nutrition Knowledge Score in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5444
Author(s):  
Ema Borsi ◽  
Costela Lacrimioara Serban ◽  
Cristina Potre ◽  
Ovidiu Potre ◽  
Salomeia Putnoky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Although the survival rate of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma has doubled over the last few decades, due to the introduction of new therapeutic lines and improvement of care, other potential contributors to the therapeutic response/relapse of disease, such as nutrient intake, along with nutrition knowledge, have not been assessed during the course of the disease. The purpose of this research was to assess nutrition knowledge and diet quality in a group of patients with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Anthropometric, clinical and biological assessments and skeletal survey evaluations, along with the assessment of nutritional intake and general nutrition knowledge, were performed on 61 patients with a current diagnosis of multiple myeloma. A low carbohydrate diet score was computed, classified in tertiles, and used as a factor in the analysis. Patients in tertiles indicative of high carbohydrate or low carbohydrate intake showed significant alteration of clinical parameters, such as hemoglobin, uric acid, albumin, total proteins, beta-2 microglobulin, percentage of plasmacytes in the bone marrow and D-dimers, compared to patients in the medium carbohydrate intake tertile. Nutrition knowledge was not associated with clinical indicators of disease status, nor with patterns of nutrient intake. Better knowledge of food types and nutritional value of foods, along with personalized nutritional advice, could encourage patients with MM to make healthier decisions that might extend survival.

Food intake and gastric emptying in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. R1054-R1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Granneman ◽  
E. M. Stricker
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Recent studies suggest that the rate of nutrient transit through the upper gastrointestract may provide cues that are important to the control of food intake. We examined gastrointestinal function in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and related these findings to concomitant changes in food intake. Control and diabetic rats were adapted to one of two isocaloric diets either high in carbohydrate or fat. Control rats ate similar amounts of each diet. In contrast, diabetic animals fed high-carbohydrate diet were hyperphagic, whereas those fed low-carbohydrate diet ate normal amounts of food. Gastric emptying, intestinal mass, disaccharidase activity, and glucose absorption were increased in normophagic diabetic rats fed a low-carbohydrate diet. Feeding diabetic rats high-carbohydrate diet potentiated each of these effects, and food intake was highly correlated with rate of gastric emptying. These and other results indicate that diabetes enhances gastric emptying and intestinal carbohydrate digestion and absorption, even in the absence of hyperphagia. Consequently, the hyperphagia of diabetic rats may be in part a behavioral response to a greatly accelerated clearance of nutrients from the upper gastrointestinal tract that occurs when these animals are fed diets rich in carbohydrate.

scholarly journals Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k4583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara B Ebbeling ◽  
Henry A Feldman ◽  
Gloria L Klein ◽  
Julia M W Wong ◽  
Lisa Bielak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Treat Analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of diets varying in carbohydrate to fat ratio on total energy expenditure.DesignRandomized trial.SettingMulticenter collaboration at US two sites, August 2014 to May 2017.Participants164 adults aged 18-65 years with a body mass index of 25 or more.InterventionsAfter 12% (within 2%) weight loss on a run-in diet, participants were randomly assigned to one of three test diets according to carbohydrate content (high, 60%, n=54; moderate, 40%, n=53; or low, 20%, n=57) for 20 weeks. Test diets were controlled for protein and were energy adjusted to maintain weight loss within 2 kg. To test for effect modification predicted by the carbohydrate-insulin model, the sample was divided into thirds of pre-weight loss insulin secretion (insulin concentration 30 minutes after oral glucose).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was total energy expenditure, measured with doubly labeled water, by intention-to-treat analysis. Per protocol analysis included participants who maintained target weight loss, potentially providing a more precise effect estimate. Secondary outcomes were resting energy expenditure, measures of physical activity, and levels of the metabolic hormones leptin and ghrelin.ResultsTotal energy expenditure differed by diet in the intention-to-treat analysis (n=162, P=0.002), with a linear trend of 52 kcal/d (95% confidence interval 23 to 82) for every 10% decrease in the contribution of carbohydrate to total energy intake (1 kcal=4.18 kJ=0.00418 MJ). Change in total energy expenditure was 91 kcal/d (95% confidence interval −29 to 210) greater in participants assigned to the moderate carbohydrate diet and 209 kcal/d (91 to 326) greater in those assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with the high carbohydrate diet. In the per protocol analysis (n=120, P<0.001), the respective differences were 131 kcal/d (−6 to 267) and 278 kcal/d (144 to 411). Among participants in the highest third of pre-weight loss insulin secretion, the difference between the low and high carbohydrate diet was 308 kcal/d in the intention-to-treat analysis and 478 kcal/d in the per protocol analysis (P<0.004). Ghrelin was significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with those assigned to the high carbohydrate diet (both analyses). Leptin was also significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet (per protocol).ConclusionsConsistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model, lowering dietary carbohydrate increased energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance. This metabolic effect may improve the success of obesity treatment, especially among those with high insulin secretion.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT02068885.

scholarly journals Adherence to low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders in adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan ◽  
Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽  
Hamid Afshar ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Peyman Adibi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background Although individual macronutrients were studied in relation to mental health, no information exist about the association between adherence to low carbohydrate diet and psychological disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the association between adherence to a low carbohydrate diet and prevalence of psychological disorders among Iranian adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study on 3362 adult men and women, dietary intakes were examined by the use of a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score was computed for each participant based on deciles of percentages of energy from macronutrients. Then the scores of carbohydrate, protein and fat intake for each participant were summed up to achieve the overall LCD score, which ranged from 3 (highest carbohydrate intake and lowest fat and protein intakes) to 30 (lowest carbohydrate intake and highest fat and protein intakes). Anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were assessed by validated Iranian versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12. Results Prevalence of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in the whole population were 28.0, 13.3 and 22.6%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of depression, anxiety and psychological distress across different quartiles of LCD score. After controlling for potential confounders, no significant association was seen between LCD score and prevalence of depression (OR for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of LCD score: (1.15; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.39). Consumption of LCD was not also associated with increased risk of anxiety (0.82; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.14) and psychological distress (0.92; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.16). These associations did not alter when the analyses were done stratified by gender or BMI status. Conclusion Adherence to the low carbohydrate diet, which contains high amount of fat and proteins but low amounts of carbohydrates, was not associated with increased odds of psychological disorders including depression, anxiety and psychological distress. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study which cannot reflect causal relationships, longitudinal studies, focusing on types of macronutrients, are required to clarify this association.

scholarly journals Changes in the lipidome in type 1 diabetes following low carbohydrate diet: a randomized crossover trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naba Al-Sari ◽  
Signe Schmidt ◽  
Tommi Suvitaival ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Kajetan Trost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Before And After

Aims/hypothesis: Lipid metabolism might be compromised in type 1 diabetes and the understanding of their physiology is critically important. This study aimed to compare the change in plasma lipid concentrations during carbohydrate dietary changes in individuals with type 1 diabetes and identify predictive biomarkers and early-stage pathophysiology for dyslipidaemia. We hypothesized that: (1) the lipidomics profiles before and after ingesting low or high carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks would be different; and (2) specific annotated lipid species would have significant associations with metabolic outcomes. Methods: Ten adults with type 1 diabetes (mean+/-SD: age 43.6+/-13.8 years, diabetes duration 24.5+/-13.4 years, BMI 24.9+/-2.1 kg/m2, HbA1c 57.67+/-2.6 mmol/mol) using insulin pumps participated in a randomized 2-period crossover study with a 12-week intervention period of low carbohydrate diet (< 100 g carbohydrates/day) or high carbohydrate diet (> 250 g carbohydrates/day) respectively, separated by a 12-week washout period. A large-scale non-targeted lipidomics was performed with mass spectrometry for fasting plasma samples obtained before and after each diet intervention. Logitudinal lipid levels were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: In total, 289 lipid species were identified from 14 major lipid classes (triacylglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, hexosyl-ceramide, sphingomyelins, lyso-phosphatidylcholines, ceramides, lactosyl-ceramide, lyso-phoshatidylethanolamine, free fatty acids, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylserines and sulfatides). Comparing the two diets, 11 lipid species belonging to sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholines and LPC(O-16:0) were changed. All the 11 lipid species were significantly elevated during low carbohydrate diet. Two lipid species were most differentiated between diets, namely SM(d36:1) (B+/-SE: 1.44+/-0.28, FDR = 0.010) and PC(P-36:4)/PC(O-36:5) (B+/-SE: 1.34+/-0.25, FDR = 0.009) species. Poly-unsaturated PC(35:4) was inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Conclusion/interpretation: Lipidome-wide outcome analysis of a randomized cross-over trial of individuals with type 1 diabetes following a low carbohydrate diet showed an increase in sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines which are thought to reduce dyslipidaemia. The poly-unsaturated phosphatidylcholine 35:4 was inversely associated with BMI and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Results from this study warrant for more investigation on the long-term effect of PC(35:4) lipid-species in lipid homeostasis in type 1 diabetes. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02888691 Keywords Biomarker ∙ Cardiovascular disease ∙ Dyslipidaemia ∙ Lipidomics ∙ Low carbohydrate diet ∙ Randomized trial ∙ Type 1 diabetes.

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