scholarly journals Food Environments and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5740
Author(s):  
Mimi Ton ◽  
Michael J. Widener ◽  
Peter James ◽  
Trang VoPham
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
County Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Environment Index ◽  
Rate Ratios

Research into the potential impact of the food environment on liver cancer incidence has been limited, though there is evidence showing that specific foods and nutrients may be potential risk or preventive factors. Data on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries. The county-level food environment was assessed using the Modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), a continuous score that measures the number of healthy and less healthy food retailers within counties. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between mRFEI scores and HCC risk, adjusting for individual- and county-level factors. The county-level food environment was not associated with HCC risk after adjustment for individual-level age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, year, and SEER registry and county-level measures for health conditions, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status (adjusted IRR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.01). The county-level food environment, measured using mRFEI scores, was not associated with HCC risk.

scholarly journals The Retail Food Environment: Time for a Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8846
Author(s):  
Alyssa Moran ◽  
Christina Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Retail Food

Food retailers, manufacturers, and distributors exert powerful influence on our food choices through decisions about stocking, pricing, marketing, and promotional practices [...]

The effect of the food environment on fresh produce served in family child care homes

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602199266
Author(s):  
Sara A. Fortin-Miller ◽  
Catherine E. Grantham ◽  
Janis E. Campbell ◽  
Alicia L. Salvatore ◽  
Leah A. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Family Child Care ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Family Child Care Homes ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Environment Index

Background: Higher produce consumption in childhood decreases risks of short- and long-term malnutrition, obesity, and disease. Children in early care programs, including family child care homes (FCCHs), receive 50–67% of daily nutrition while in care. Procuring nutritious foods requires grocer access, which is absent in food deserts (FDs). Aim: To determine if FCCH food environment (FE) impacted distance to grocers and amount of fresh produce served. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, Modified Retail Food Environment Index scores determined census tract FD status. FCCH and grocer addresses were geocoded and distance to the nearest grocers was calculated. Fresh produce was observed during two lunches. Results: FE did not influence distance to grocers or fresh produce served. Non-desert FCCHs tended to serve fresh produce more frequently. The amount of fresh produce served was overall low. Conclusion: Further studies are warranted to inform policies aimed to reduce provider barriers regarding service of fresh produce.

scholarly journals Comparing the accuracy of food outlet datasets in an urban environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle S. Wong ◽  
Jennifer M. Peyton ◽  
Timothy M. Shields ◽  
Frank C. Curriero ◽  
Kimberly A. Gudzune
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Quick Service ◽  
Retail Food

Studies that investigate the relationship between the retail food environment and health outcomes often use geospatial datasets. Prior studies have identified challenges of using the most common data sources. Retail food environment datasets created through academic-government partnership present an alternative, but their validity (retail existence, type, location) has not been assessed yet. In our study, we used ground-truth data to compare the validity of two datasets, a 2015 commercial dataset (InfoUSA) and data collected from 2012 to 2014 through the Maryland Food Systems Mapping Project (MFSMP), an academic-government partnership, on the retail food environment in two low-income, inner city neighbourhoods in Baltimore City. We compared sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the commercial and academic-government partnership data to ground-truth data for two broad categories of unhealthy food retailers: small food retailers and quick-service restaurants. Ground-truth data was collected in 2015 and analysed in 2016. Compared to the ground-truth data, MFSMP and InfoUSA generally had similar sensitivity that was greater than 85%. MFSMP had higher PPV compared to InfoUSA for both small food retailers (MFSMP: 56.3% <em>vs</em> InfoUSA: 40.7%) and quick-service restaurants (MFSMP: 58.6% <em>vs</em> InfoUSA: 36.4%). We conclude that data from academic-government partnerships like MFSMP might be an attractive alternative option and improvement to relying only on commercial data. Other research institutes or cities might consider efforts to create and maintain such an environmental dataset. Even if these datasets cannot be updated on an annual basis, they are likely more accurate than commercial data.

scholarly journals The role of the local retail food environment in fruit, vegetable and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Clara Duran ◽  
Samuel Luna de Almeida ◽  
Maria do Rosario DO Latorre ◽  
Patricia Constante Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Retail Food

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in São Paulo, Brazil, as well as the moderation effects of income in the studied relationships.DesignCross-sectional study design that drew upon neighbourhood- and individual-level data. For each participant, community (density and proximity) and community food environment (availability, variety, quality and price) measures of FV and SSB were assessed in retail food stores and specialized fresh produce markets within 1·6 km of their homes. Poisson generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model the associations of food consumption with food environment measures, adjusted by individual-level characteristics.SettingSão Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsAdults (n 1842) residing in the same census tracts (n 52) in São Paulo, Brazil as those where the neighbourhood-level measures were taken.ResultsFV availability in neighbourhoods was associated with regular FV consumption (≥5 times/week; prevalence ratio=1·41; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·67). Regular FV consumption prevalence was significantly lower among lower-income individuals living in neighbourhoods with fewer supermarkets and fresh produce markets (P-interaction <0·05). A greater variety of SSB was associated with a 15 % increase in regular SSB consumption (≥5 times/week) prevalence, after adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the local retail food environment is associated with FV and SSB consumption in a Brazilian urban sample.

scholarly journals Daily exposure to the retail food environment and the association with child BMI

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Mizen ◽  
Sarah Rodgers ◽  
Richard Fry
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Daily Exposure ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Retail Food

BackgroundThe dose-response relationship between exposure to food environments and obesity has not been widely investigated. This study examined whether increased retail food environment (RFE) exposure in children was associated with a larger body mass index (BMI). ObjectivesGenerate household level daily exposure to the RFE for children aged 11-13 years and link these environmental exposure with health data in an anonymised data safe haven. MethodsIndividually tailored environmental exposures were calculated in a GIS for home and school locations, and modelled walking routes to and from school. Local Authority food outlet data were used to generate the temporally accurate exposures. Exposures were linked to individual level health data in the SAIL databank for a cohort of individuals from south Wales aged 11-13 years, with BMI measurements. A fully adjusted multilevel regression model was fitted to investigate the association of RFE exposure with BMI. FindingsHome exposure and exposure along the walk to school was significantly greater for children living in deprived catchments, compared with affluent school catchments (t = -5.25, p<0.05; t = -0.277, p<0.05, respectively). The RFE exposure along the walk home was the only environmental exposure positively associated with a higher BMI (0.22, p<0.05). ConclusionsIncreased BMI was associated with greater REF exposure along the walk home from school. The findings suggest that the walk home from school may be important for developing interventions and policies to discourage unhealthy eating. Research should be undertaken to better understand child purchasing habits.

scholarly journals Incidence of Benign Meningiomas in the United States: Current and Future Trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Bhala ◽  
Douglas R Stewart ◽  
Victoria Kennerley ◽  
Valentina I Petkov ◽  
Philip S Rosenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Benign Meningioma ◽  
Case Count ◽  
Future Burden ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Background Benign meningiomas are the most frequently reported central nervous system tumors in the United States (US), with increasing incidence in past decades. However, the future trajectory of this neoplasm remains unclear. Methods We analyzed benign meningioma incidence of cases identified by any means (eg, radiographically with or without microscopic confirmation) in US Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registries among 35–84-year-olds during 2004–2017 by sex and race/ethnicity using age-period-cohort (APC) models. We employed APC forecasting models to glean insights regarding the etiology, distribution, and anticipated future (2018–2027) public health impact of this neoplasm. Results In all groups, meningioma incidence overall increased through 2010, then stabilized. Temporal declines were statistically significant overall and in most groups. JoinPoint analysis of cohort rate-ratios identified substantial acceleration in White men born after 1963 (from 1.1% to 3.2% per birth year); cohort rate-ratios were stable or increasing in all groups and all birth cohorts. We forecast that meningioma incidence through 2027 will remain stable or decrease among 55–84-year-olds but remain similar to current levels among 35–54-year-olds. Total meningioma burden in 2027 is expected to be approximately 30,470 cases, similar to the expected case count of 27,830 in 2018. Conclusions Between 2004–2017, overall incidence of benign meningioma increased and then stabilized or declined. For 2018–2027, our forecast is incidence will remain generally stable in younger age groups but decrease in older age groups. Nonetheless, the total future burden will remain similar to current levels because the population is aging.

xtgeebcv: A command for bias-corrected sandwich variance estimation for GEE analyses of cluster randomized trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Gallis ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Elizabeth L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trials ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Cluster randomized trials, where clusters (for example, schools or clinics) are randomized to comparison arms but measurements are taken on individuals, are commonly used to evaluate interventions in public health, education, and the social sciences. Analysis is often conducted on individual-level outcomes, and such analysis methods must consider that outcomes for members of the same cluster tend to be more similar than outcomes for members of other clusters. A popular individual-level analysis technique is generalized estimating equations (GEE). However, it is common to randomize a small number of clusters (for example, 30 or fewer), and in this case, the GEE standard errors obtained from the sandwich variance estimator will be biased, leading to inflated type I errors. Some bias-corrected standard errors have been proposed and studied to account for this finite-sample bias, but none has yet been implemented in Stata. In this article, we describe several popular bias corrections to the robust sandwich variance. We then introduce our newly created command, xtgeebcv, which will allow Stata users to easily apply finite-sample corrections to standard errors obtained from GEE models. We then provide examples to demonstrate the use of xtgeebcv. Finally, we discuss suggestions about which finite-sample corrections to use in which situations and consider areas of future research that may improve xtgeebcv.

scholarly journals Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism (DRD4 VNTR) moderates real-world behavioural response to the food retail environment in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Paquet ◽  
Andre Krumel Portella ◽  
Spencer Moore ◽  
Yu Ma ◽  
Alain Dagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dopamine D4 Receptor ◽  
Vntr Polymorphism ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
D4 Receptor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Evidence for the impact of the food retailing environment on food-related and obesity outcomes remains equivocal, but only a few studies have attempted to identify sub-populations for whom this relationship might be stronger than others. Genetic polymorphisms related to dopamine signalling have been associated with differences in responses to rewards such as food and may be candidate markers to identify such sub-populations. This study sought to investigate whether genetic variation of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4 exon III 48 bp VNTR polymorphism) moderated the association between local exposure to food retailers on BMI and diet in a sample of 4 to12-year-old children. Methods Data collected from a birth cohort and a community cross-sectional study conducted in Montreal, Canada, were combined to provide DRD4 VNTR polymorphism data in terms of presence of the 7-repeat allele (DRD4-7R) for 322 children aged between 4 and 12 (M (SD): 6.8(2.8) y). Outcomes were Body Mass Index (BMI) for age and energy density derived from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Food environment was expressed as the proportion of local food retailers classified as healthful within 3 km of participants’ residence. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, income, cohort, and geographic clustering were used to test gene*environment interactions. Results A significant gene*food environment interaction was found for energy density with results indicating that DRD4-7R carriers had more energy dense diets than non-carriers, with this effect being more pronounced in children living in areas with proportionally more unhealthy food retailers. No evidence of main or interactive effects of DRD4 VNTR and food environment was found for BMI. Conclusions Results of the present study suggest that a genetic marker related to dopamine pathways can identify children with potentially greater responsiveness to unhealthy local food environment. Future studies should investigate additional elements of the food environment and test whether results hold across different populations.

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