scholarly journals Anti-HIV and Anti-Candidal Effects of Methanolic Extract from Heteropterys brachiata

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7270
Author(s):  
Maira Huerta-Reyes ◽  
Luis O. Sánchez-Vargas ◽  
Getsemaní S. Villanueva-Amador ◽  
Luis A. Gaitán-Cepeda
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Test ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Nowadays, the HIV pandemic is far from controlled. HIV+/AIDS patients show a serious risk of developing resistance to HIV antiretroviral drugs and to be orally colonized by albicans and non-albicans Candida strains resistant to antifungals. As a consequence, new drugs that possess anti-candidal and anti-HIV effects would represent an alternative in the comprehensive treatment of HIV+/AIDS patients. The present study evaluates the possible anti-HIV and anti-Candida effects of a methanolic extract from Heteropterys brachiata (Hb MeOH), an American tropical plant. The anti-HIV effect of Hb MeOH was tested using a non-radioactive colorimetric method (Lenti RT® Activity Assay; Cavidi Tech) that uses reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 enzyme as enzymatic target. The anti-candidal effect of HbMeOH extract was evaluated by following a standardized test protocol of microdilution for yeast using the Candida albicans strain ATCC® 90028. The Hb MeOH at 1 mg/mL concentration shows 38.5% RT-HIV inhibition, while Hb MeOH at 10 mg/mL concentration produced 98% C. albicans growth inhibition. Our findings show that the Hb MeOH possesses a strong anti-candidal activity and moderate anti-HIV effect and suggests that the plant extract could be considered as a potential candidate for HIV/AIDS treatment.

Concomitant use of medicinal plants with antiretroviral drugs among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Arebu Issa Bilal ◽  
Bruck Messele ◽  
Dawit Teshome ◽  
Zelalem Tilahun ◽  
Teferi Gedif Fenta
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In spite of an increase in the health service coverage of the country, studies reported that significant proportion of the Ethiopian population still relies on traditional medicine, particularly on the herbal aspect, for their healthcare. The aim of the present study was to determine the extent of the concomitant use of herbal medicines with modern antiretroviral medicines and identify the commonly used herbs among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June, 2017 among HIV/AIDS patients in five hospitals selected from four regions and one city Administration (Addis Ababa). A total of 768 HIV/AIDS patients were successfully interviewed and included in the analysis. Most 480 (62.5%) of them were on tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus lamivudine (3TC)and efavirenz (EFV) regimen. Two hundred nineteen (28.5%) patients reported that they had used herbal medicines to treat their illness; of these 145 (66.2%) used herbal products along with modern medicine. Of those who reported to have used herbal medicine with modern medicine, 53 (40.8%) claimed that they took the herbal medicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, while 51(39.2%) used for treating co-morbid diseases. Only 33 (15.0%) of those who used herbal medicines along with modern drugs discussed the issue either with their physicians or pharmacists. A total of 31 plant species were reported to be used for the treatment as well as alleviation of symptoms associated with the disease. The most commonly cited herbal medicines that  have been used by HIV/AIDS patients to treat their comorbid diseases were Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. (Moringaceae) (35.6%) followed by Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. (Lamiaceae) (18.0%), Zheneria scabra Sond. (Cucurbitaceae) (7.2%), Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae) (5.7%), and Ruta chalapensis L. (Rutaceae) (5.7%). The study revealed that close to one-third of HIV/AIDS patients interviewed reported use of herbal medicine and almost two-thirds of them did so concomitantly with modern medicine. Only small percentage of the patients who used herbal medicines along with modern drugs disclose the use either to their treating physicians or to counselling pharmacists. Practitioners involved in antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics, therefore, need to inquire information related to the use of herbal medicines and accordingly advise the patients. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, medicinal plant, cross-sectional study, concomitant use, Ethiopia  

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Increase in CD4 count of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Mega Permata ◽  
Harun Hudari ◽  
Mediarty ◽  
Taufik Indrajaya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. Vitamin D plays a role in health overall, but hypovitaminosis D stilloccurs throughout the world. HIV/AIDS patients are prone to suffer fromhypovitaminosis D because of the infection itself and the side effects of antiretroviraltherapy. Various effort have been tried to improve the immune status of HIV/AIDSpatients, one of them is by adding vitamin D. Vitamin D acts as an antiinflammatoryso that it can prevent apoptosis of CD4 T cells and increase CD4 cell count.Methods. This is a randomized control trial add on a study that aims to determinethe effect of vitamin D to increase in CD4 counts of HIV / AIDS patients who havereceived antiretroviral drugs. Subjects were HIV / AIDS patients who had receivedantiretroviral drugs. A total of 20 subjects were divided randomly into two groups;one group received vitamin D (calcitriol 0.5 mcg per day) for eight weeks, and theother group that received a placebo. Each group was measured of CD4 cell countbefore and after treatment. Results. There was a significant increase in the CD4 cellcount of the vitamin D group (p = 0.046), but not in the CD4 cell count of bothgroups (p = 0.985). The comparison of mean CD4 cell counts between groups beforetreatment was not significantly different (p = 0.057), but after treatment, it becamesignificantly different (p = 0.040). Conclusion. Vitamin D has been successful inincreasing CD4 cell count in the vitamin D group, and it is recommended to giveHIV / AIDS patients to increase CD4 cell count.

scholarly journals Canadian Consensus Recommendations for the Optimal Use of Enfuvirtide in HIV/AIDS Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rachlis ◽  
Jonathan Angel ◽  
Marianne Harris ◽  
Richard Lalonde ◽  
Fiona Smaill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Background Regimen ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Subsequent Patient ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:An eight-member group consisting of Canadian infectious disease and immunology specialists and a family physician with significant experience in HIV management was convened to update existing recommendations, specifically intended for use by Canadian HIV-treating physicians, on the appropriate use of enfuvirtide in HIV/AIDS patients with resistance to other antiretroviral drugs.METHODS:Evidence from the literature and expert opinions of the group members formed the basis of the guidelines. Comments on the draft guidelines were obtained from other physicians across Canada with HIV expertise. The final guidelines represent the group's consensus agreement.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:The recommendations were developed to guide physicians in optimal practices in patient selection for enfuvirtide treatment and subsequent patient management. The issues considered include positive predictors of response to enfuvirtide, stage of disease, optimization of the background regimen, early indicators of enfuvirtide response, and patient education and support.

Comparison of particle swarm and bacterial foraging optimization algorithms for therapy planning in HIV/AIDS patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650024 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kamalanand ◽  
P. Mannar Jawahar
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Therapy Planning ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Optimization ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Hiv Aids

In HIV/AIDS patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used for reducing the viral load and helps in increasing the life span of the individual. However, severe side effects are associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs. Hence, a treatment schedule, using minimal amount of drugs, is required for maintaining a low viral load and a healthy immune system. The objective of this work is to compute the optimal dosage of antiretroviral drugs for therapy planning in HIV/AIDS patients, using intelligent optimization techniques. In this work, two computational swarm intelligence techniques known as the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) in conjunction with the three-dimensional mathematical model of HIV/AIDS have been used for estimating the optimal drug dosage for administering therapy by minimization of viral load as well as the total drug concentration. Results demonstrate that, using the proposed method, it is possible to achieve minimal viral load and an improved immune system, with the estimated drug dosage. Further, it was observed that the efficiency of BFO (CD4 cells [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cells/mm3 at seventh year of infection) for estimation of optimal drug dosage is higher than the PSO method (CD4 cells [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cells/mm3 at seventh year of infection). This work seems to be of high clinical relevance since, at present, ART is the widely used procedure for treatment of HIV infected patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of HIV/AIDS patients' knowledge on antiretroviral drugs

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Flávia de Castro Almeida ◽  
Anya Pimentel Gomes Fernandes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Hospital Service Utilization by HIV/AIDS Patients and Their Management Cost in a Provincial Genitourinary Medicine Department

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nageswaran ◽  
G R Kinghorn ◽  
R N Shen ◽  
C J F Priestley ◽  
T T Kyi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Cost ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Genitourinary Medicine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hiv Aids

Summary: The hospital management of 108 HIV/AIDS patients cared for by the genitourinary medicine department, Sheffield, UK between 1984–93 was retrospectively studied to quantify the services utilized by these patients and to detail the management costs (1993 price) of outpatient (OP) services, inpatient (IP) care, investigational services and therapeutic provisions. The services utilized and cost are presented separately for the different clinical stages of the infection and as per patient year. Of the 108 patients, 95 (88%) were males and 13 (12%) females; most males (76.8%) acquired the infection through homosexual exposure, while 46% of females acquired it heterosexually. The mean number of OP consultation per asymptomatic, symptomatic non-AIDS and AIDS patient years were 11.6, 16.4 and 32.8 respectively; the mean number of IP episodes for each of these clinical groups were 0.15, 0.83 and 3.88 with IP stays 0.7, 3.5 and 40.6 days per patient year respectively. The annual costs of OP care (£45.26 per consultation), drugs and investigations were, respectively £525, £213 and £153 per asymptomatic patient year, £742, £2097 and £224 per symptomatic non-AIDS patient year and £1485, £2928 and £382 per AIDS patient year. The average annual OP drug cost per patient year showed little change since 1988, However, in the AIDS group, contributions from differing drug classes showed significant changes; while the contribution of antiretroviral drugs fell from 80.2% of the drug cost per AIDS patient year in 1990 to 31.3% in 1993, that from antibiotics rose from 0.3% in 1990 to 26.4% in 1993 and other antivirals from 9.4% in 1988 to 22.6% in 1993. These changes were related to lower recommended daily dosage of zidovudine and to wider prescription of antibiotics for atypical mycobacterial infections and domiciliary gancyclovir for CMV infection. The costs of annual mean IP care, IP drugs, IP investigations and IP procedures per AIDS patient year were £5926 (£146 per IP stay), £2983, £282 and £145 respectively. The overall management cost of one AIDS patient year was £14 131 and lifetime AIDS management cost, based on a mean survival of 17 months, a little more than £20 000. The annual management cost of an asymptomatic and symptomatic non-AIDS patient year is approximately 1/14th and 1/4th of the cost of an AIDS patient year.

Developing and establishing an advanced nursing practice for HIV abd AIDS patients.

Pflege ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Spirig ◽  
Dunja Nicca ◽  
V. Werder ◽  
J. Voggensperger ◽  
Miriam Unger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Advanced Nursing Practice ◽  
Hiv Aids

Die Entwicklung und Etablierung einer erweiterten und vertieften Pflegepraxis («Advanced Nursing Practice») ist ein wichtiger Schritt in Richtung einer zukunftsorientierten Pflege. An der HIV-Sprechstunde der Medizinischen Universitätspoliklinik des Kantonsspitals Basel, wo akut- und chronischkranke PatientInnen mit HIV/Aids medizinisch und pflegerisch behandelt werden, wurde deshalb ein Aktionsforschungsprojekt in Gang gesetzt mit dem Ziel, PatientInnen kompetentere Dienstleistungen anzubieten. Partizipative Aktionsforschung ist ein Prozess, mit dem gleichzeitig Wissen über ein System generiert und dieses System verändert wird. Im Mittelpunkt des Prozesses steht die kontinuierliche Analyse, Verbesserung und Evaluation der Pflege zugunsten von Patienten und Angehörigen. Eine erweiterte und vertiefte HIV/Aids-Pflegepraxis erfordert solides Grundlagenwissen über die Krankheit und über die aktuelle Behandlung. Patientenpräferenzen, Caring, Erfahrungswissen und Evidenz sind wesentliche konzeptuelle Grundpfeiler. Neben der Aneignung von neuen Kenntnissen spezialisierten sich die Pflegenden in einem von ihnen gewählten Gebiet der HIV/Aids-Pflege, z.B. im Umgang mit Medikamenten und der Bedeutung der Therapietreue, Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention oder im Umgang mit Symptomen, um Beratungen und Schulungen für PatientInnen und Angehörige anzubieten. Mit einer erweiterten und vertieften Pflegepraxis werden Pflegende befähigt, den sich abzeichnenden Veränderungen im Gesundheitswesen zukünftig proaktiv begegnen zu können.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document