Genotypic Resistance Mutations to Antiretroviral Drugs in Treatment-Naive HIV/AIDS Patients Living in Liaoning Province, China: Baseline Prevalence And Subtype-Specific Difference

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Han ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Di Dai ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Zining Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Anti-HIV and Anti-Candidal Effects of Methanolic Extract from Heteropterys brachiata

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7270
Author(s):  
Maira Huerta-Reyes ◽  
Luis O. Sánchez-Vargas ◽  
Getsemaní S. Villanueva-Amador ◽  
Luis A. Gaitán-Cepeda
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Test ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Nowadays, the HIV pandemic is far from controlled. HIV+/AIDS patients show a serious risk of developing resistance to HIV antiretroviral drugs and to be orally colonized by albicans and non-albicans Candida strains resistant to antifungals. As a consequence, new drugs that possess anti-candidal and anti-HIV effects would represent an alternative in the comprehensive treatment of HIV+/AIDS patients. The present study evaluates the possible anti-HIV and anti-Candida effects of a methanolic extract from Heteropterys brachiata (Hb MeOH), an American tropical plant. The anti-HIV effect of Hb MeOH was tested using a non-radioactive colorimetric method (Lenti RT® Activity Assay; Cavidi Tech) that uses reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 enzyme as enzymatic target. The anti-candidal effect of HbMeOH extract was evaluated by following a standardized test protocol of microdilution for yeast using the Candida albicans strain ATCC® 90028. The Hb MeOH at 1 mg/mL concentration shows 38.5% RT-HIV inhibition, while Hb MeOH at 10 mg/mL concentration produced 98% C. albicans growth inhibition. Our findings show that the Hb MeOH possesses a strong anti-candidal activity and moderate anti-HIV effect and suggests that the plant extract could be considered as a potential candidate for HIV/AIDS treatment.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens With Regard to Virological and Immunological Response in Treatment-Naive HIV/AIDS Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Sinem Akkaya Isik ◽  
◽  
Alper Gunduz ◽  
Ahsen Oncul ◽  
Aziz Ahmad Hamidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Drug Resistance and Its Related Factors in ART-failure Patients From 2018 to 2019 in Liaoning Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Wei ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Yani Lv ◽  
Xu Kang ◽  
Shan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background: To understand the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance and the mutation patterns in ART-failure individuals in Liaoning Province, China, we conducted a cross-sectional survey.Patients and methods: Plasma samples were collected from HIV-1-positive individuals who experienced ART failure in Liaoning Province between April 2018 and September 2019.Genotype resistance test was performed using an in-house assay on these collected samples. Factors associated with drug resistance were identified by logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 256 HIV-1-positive individuals experiencing ART failure were tested for drug resistance from April 2018 to September 2019. Of these, the most predominant genotype was CRF01_AE, accounting for 77.73%. The resistance rate to any of the three classes of antiretroviral drugs (NNRTIs, NRTIs, and PIs) was 64.84%. Among 256 ART-failure patients, 62.89% showed drug resistance to NNRTIs, 50.39% to NRTIs, and 3.13% to PIs. G190S (31.25%) and Y181C (25.78%) mutations were the most common NNRTIs resistance mutations, and K65R (29.69%), M184V (28.52%) were the most common NRTIs resistance mutations. Factors associated with drug resistance included current ART regimen, viral load.Conclusion: The high drug resistance rate among ART-failure individuals in Liaoning Province needs more attention. Corresponding strategies for the risk factors associated with HIV drug resistance can better control and prevent the prevalence of resistance.

Concomitant use of medicinal plants with antiretroviral drugs among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Arebu Issa Bilal ◽  
Bruck Messele ◽  
Dawit Teshome ◽  
Zelalem Tilahun ◽  
Teferi Gedif Fenta
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In spite of an increase in the health service coverage of the country, studies reported that significant proportion of the Ethiopian population still relies on traditional medicine, particularly on the herbal aspect, for their healthcare. The aim of the present study was to determine the extent of the concomitant use of herbal medicines with modern antiretroviral medicines and identify the commonly used herbs among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June, 2017 among HIV/AIDS patients in five hospitals selected from four regions and one city Administration (Addis Ababa). A total of 768 HIV/AIDS patients were successfully interviewed and included in the analysis. Most 480 (62.5%) of them were on tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus lamivudine (3TC)and efavirenz (EFV) regimen. Two hundred nineteen (28.5%) patients reported that they had used herbal medicines to treat their illness; of these 145 (66.2%) used herbal products along with modern medicine. Of those who reported to have used herbal medicine with modern medicine, 53 (40.8%) claimed that they took the herbal medicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, while 51(39.2%) used for treating co-morbid diseases. Only 33 (15.0%) of those who used herbal medicines along with modern drugs discussed the issue either with their physicians or pharmacists. A total of 31 plant species were reported to be used for the treatment as well as alleviation of symptoms associated with the disease. The most commonly cited herbal medicines that  have been used by HIV/AIDS patients to treat their comorbid diseases were Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. (Moringaceae) (35.6%) followed by Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. (Lamiaceae) (18.0%), Zheneria scabra Sond. (Cucurbitaceae) (7.2%), Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae) (5.7%), and Ruta chalapensis L. (Rutaceae) (5.7%). The study revealed that close to one-third of HIV/AIDS patients interviewed reported use of herbal medicine and almost two-thirds of them did so concomitantly with modern medicine. Only small percentage of the patients who used herbal medicines along with modern drugs disclose the use either to their treating physicians or to counselling pharmacists. Practitioners involved in antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics, therefore, need to inquire information related to the use of herbal medicines and accordingly advise the patients. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, medicinal plant, cross-sectional study, concomitant use, Ethiopia  

Comparison of Genotypic Resistance Mutations in Treatment-Naive HIV Type 1-Infected Patients in Korea and China

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bum Sik Chin ◽  
Jun Yong Choi ◽  
Yang Han ◽  
Jiqiu Kuang ◽  
Yanling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv Type 1

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Increase in CD4 count of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Mega Permata ◽  
Harun Hudari ◽  
Mediarty ◽  
Taufik Indrajaya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. Vitamin D plays a role in health overall, but hypovitaminosis D stilloccurs throughout the world. HIV/AIDS patients are prone to suffer fromhypovitaminosis D because of the infection itself and the side effects of antiretroviraltherapy. Various effort have been tried to improve the immune status of HIV/AIDSpatients, one of them is by adding vitamin D. Vitamin D acts as an antiinflammatoryso that it can prevent apoptosis of CD4 T cells and increase CD4 cell count.Methods. This is a randomized control trial add on a study that aims to determinethe effect of vitamin D to increase in CD4 counts of HIV / AIDS patients who havereceived antiretroviral drugs. Subjects were HIV / AIDS patients who had receivedantiretroviral drugs. A total of 20 subjects were divided randomly into two groups;one group received vitamin D (calcitriol 0.5 mcg per day) for eight weeks, and theother group that received a placebo. Each group was measured of CD4 cell countbefore and after treatment. Results. There was a significant increase in the CD4 cellcount of the vitamin D group (p = 0.046), but not in the CD4 cell count of bothgroups (p = 0.985). The comparison of mean CD4 cell counts between groups beforetreatment was not significantly different (p = 0.057), but after treatment, it becamesignificantly different (p = 0.040). Conclusion. Vitamin D has been successful inincreasing CD4 cell count in the vitamin D group, and it is recommended to giveHIV / AIDS patients to increase CD4 cell count.

PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG TREATMENT NAÏVE PATIENTS SINCE THE INTRODUCTION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Kirichenko ◽  
D. E. Kireev ◽  
A. E. Lopatukhin ◽  
A. V. Murzakova ◽  
I. A. Lapovok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hiv 1

Aim: to analyze the prevalence, structure of drug resistance and drug resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes of HIV-1 among treatment naïve patients.Materials and methods. We analyzed protease and reverse transcriptase sequences from 1560 treatment naïve HIV-infected patients from all Federal Districts of the Russian Federation with the first positive immune blot during 1998–2017. Sequences were analyzed for the presence of drug resistance mutations and predicted drug resistance to antiretroviral drugs using two algorithms — Stanford HIVDR Database (HIVdb) and the 2009 SDRM list (CPR).Results. The prevalence of drug resistance mutations was 11,1%. More often the prevalence of drug resistance was found for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs (rilpivirine, nevirapine, efavirenz). The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance associated with mutations from the SDRM list was 5,3%, which is classified by the WHO as a moderate level. However, it should be noted that since the large-scale use of antiretroviral drugs in the Russian Federation, there has been a trend towards a gradual increase in the level of the transmitted drug resistance, and in 2016 it has already reached 6,1%.Conclusion. The results demonstrate the need for regular surveillance of the prevalence of HIV drug resistance to antiretroviral drugs among treatment naïve patients in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Canadian Consensus Recommendations for the Optimal Use of Enfuvirtide in HIV/AIDS Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rachlis ◽  
Jonathan Angel ◽  
Marianne Harris ◽  
Richard Lalonde ◽  
Fiona Smaill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Background Regimen ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Subsequent Patient ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:An eight-member group consisting of Canadian infectious disease and immunology specialists and a family physician with significant experience in HIV management was convened to update existing recommendations, specifically intended for use by Canadian HIV-treating physicians, on the appropriate use of enfuvirtide in HIV/AIDS patients with resistance to other antiretroviral drugs.METHODS:Evidence from the literature and expert opinions of the group members formed the basis of the guidelines. Comments on the draft guidelines were obtained from other physicians across Canada with HIV expertise. The final guidelines represent the group's consensus agreement.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:The recommendations were developed to guide physicians in optimal practices in patient selection for enfuvirtide treatment and subsequent patient management. The issues considered include positive predictors of response to enfuvirtide, stage of disease, optimization of the background regimen, early indicators of enfuvirtide response, and patient education and support.

The frequency of HIV-I drug resistance mutations among treatment-naïve individuals at a tertiary care centre in south India

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Kandathil ◽  
R Kannangai ◽  
O C Abraham ◽  
P Rupali ◽  
S A Pulimood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) use in India requires information on baseline drug resistance mutations and polymorphisms in the protease (Pr) and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes of HIV-1 strains from treatment-naïve individuals. We report resistance predictor mutations and polymorphisms in the Pr and the RT sequence of non-clade B HIV-1 strains from ART naïve individuals. The genotypic resistance assay was done on 93 treatment-naïve individuals. The sequences were analysed by Stanford HIV drug resistance data for genotypic drug resistance analysis and REGA HIV-1 subtyping tool. Phylogenetic tree was generated with MEGA 4 for quality control. Ninety-two strains belonged to clade C and one to clade A (A1). Amino acid substitutions were seen at positions associated with drug resistance in Pr gene – 10, 24, 74 (each 3%) and position 82 (11%). Substitutions were seen at positions 41 (1%), 100 (1%), 101 (6%), 103 (2%), 179 (6%) and 181 (1%) of the RT sequence known to confer drug resistance in clade B. Polymorphisms in HIV-1 pol gene among treatment-naïve individuals were similar when compared with previous data. One strain each had Y181C substitution, T74S and E35G substitutions in the Pr and one had A98G, K101R and L210FL substitutions in RT.

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