scholarly journals Canadian Consensus Recommendations for the Optimal Use of Enfuvirtide in HIV/AIDS Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rachlis ◽  
Jonathan Angel ◽  
Marianne Harris ◽  
Richard Lalonde ◽  
Fiona Smaill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Background Regimen ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Subsequent Patient ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:An eight-member group consisting of Canadian infectious disease and immunology specialists and a family physician with significant experience in HIV management was convened to update existing recommendations, specifically intended for use by Canadian HIV-treating physicians, on the appropriate use of enfuvirtide in HIV/AIDS patients with resistance to other antiretroviral drugs.METHODS:Evidence from the literature and expert opinions of the group members formed the basis of the guidelines. Comments on the draft guidelines were obtained from other physicians across Canada with HIV expertise. The final guidelines represent the group's consensus agreement.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:The recommendations were developed to guide physicians in optimal practices in patient selection for enfuvirtide treatment and subsequent patient management. The issues considered include positive predictors of response to enfuvirtide, stage of disease, optimization of the background regimen, early indicators of enfuvirtide response, and patient education and support.

scholarly journals Canadian Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of Etravirine in the Treatment of HIV-Infected Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. e24-e34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Harris ◽  
Jonathan B Angel ◽  
Jean-Guy Baril ◽  
Anita Rachlis ◽  
Benoit Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Group Members

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A group of five Canadian physicians with significant experience in HIV management was convened. Their goal was to develop guidance specifically for Canadian HIV-treating physicians on the appropriate use of etravirine (TMC125, Intelence, Tibotec BVBA, Belgium) in adult HIV-infected patients.METHODS: Evidence from the published literature, conference presentations and expert opinions of the group members were used to develop the recommendations. Feedback on the draft recommendations was obtained from this core group, and from seven other physicians across Canada with clinical HIV treatment expertise and experience in the use of etravirine, as well as two Canadian scientists with HIV expertise. The final recommendations represent the core group’s consensus agreement, taking all feedback into consideration.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations were developed to guide physicians in the optimal use of etravirine. The issues considered included HIV disease status, antiretroviral treatment history, drug resistance profiles, predictors of response to etravirine, background antiretroviral regimen and drug-drug interactions.

scholarly journals Anti-HIV and Anti-Candidal Effects of Methanolic Extract from Heteropterys brachiata

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7270
Author(s):  
Maira Huerta-Reyes ◽  
Luis O. Sánchez-Vargas ◽  
Getsemaní S. Villanueva-Amador ◽  
Luis A. Gaitán-Cepeda
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Test ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Nowadays, the HIV pandemic is far from controlled. HIV+/AIDS patients show a serious risk of developing resistance to HIV antiretroviral drugs and to be orally colonized by albicans and non-albicans Candida strains resistant to antifungals. As a consequence, new drugs that possess anti-candidal and anti-HIV effects would represent an alternative in the comprehensive treatment of HIV+/AIDS patients. The present study evaluates the possible anti-HIV and anti-Candida effects of a methanolic extract from Heteropterys brachiata (Hb MeOH), an American tropical plant. The anti-HIV effect of Hb MeOH was tested using a non-radioactive colorimetric method (Lenti RT® Activity Assay; Cavidi Tech) that uses reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 enzyme as enzymatic target. The anti-candidal effect of HbMeOH extract was evaluated by following a standardized test protocol of microdilution for yeast using the Candida albicans strain ATCC® 90028. The Hb MeOH at 1 mg/mL concentration shows 38.5% RT-HIV inhibition, while Hb MeOH at 10 mg/mL concentration produced 98% C. albicans growth inhibition. Our findings show that the Hb MeOH possesses a strong anti-candidal activity and moderate anti-HIV effect and suggests that the plant extract could be considered as a potential candidate for HIV/AIDS treatment.

scholarly journals Optimal Use of Raltegravir (Isentress®) in the Treatment of HIV-Infected Adults – Canadian Consensus Guidelines

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. e67-e80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rachlis ◽  
Jonathan B Angel ◽  
Marianne Harris ◽  
Stephen D Shafran ◽  
Rachel Therrien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Viral Load Reduction ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Canadian Group

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A meeting of a Canadian group with significant experience and knowledge in HIV management, consisting of five physicians, a pharmacist and an AIDS researcher, was convened. Their goal was to develop guidance for Canadian HIV-treating physicians on the appropriate use of raltegravir (MK-0518, Isentress®, Merck Frosst Canada Inc) in HIV-infected adults.METHODS: Evidence from the published literature and conference presentations, as well as expert opinions of the group members, was considered and evaluated to develop the recommendations. Feedback on the draft recommendations was obtained from this core group, as well as from five other physicians and scientists across Canada with expertise in HIV treatment and antiretroviral drug resistance, and experience in the use of raltegravir. The final recommendations represent the core group’s consensus agreement once all feedback was considered.RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations were developed to guide physicians in the optimal use of raltegravir. The issues considered included raltegravir’s role in overall treatment strategy, efficacy, durability of effect, rate of viral load reduction, resistance, safety/toxicity, pharmacokinetics and drug interactions.

scholarly journals Canadian Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of Maraviroc in the Treatment of HIV-Infected Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rachlis ◽  
Marianne Harris ◽  
Richard Lalonde ◽  
Stephen D Shafran ◽  
Cécile Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Canadian Health Care ◽  
Group Members

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A Canadian group, consisting of six physicians and an HIV researcher with significant experience and knowledge in HIV management, reviewed the available data and developed guidelines for Canadian health care providers (who treat HIV infection) on the appropriate use of maraviroc (UK-427,857) in HIV-infected adults.METHODS: Evidence from the published literature and conference presentations, as well as the expert opinions of the group members were considered and evaluated to develop the recommendations. Feedback on the draft recommendations was obtained from this core group, as well as from four other physicians across Canada with expertise in HIV treatment and experience with the use of maraviroc. The final recommendations represent the core group’s consensus agreement once all feedback was considered.RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations were developed to guide physicians and other health care providers in the optimal use of maraviroc. The recommendations were considered in light of the fact that the decision to include maraviroc in an antiretroviral regimen depends not only on issues that concern all antiretroviral agents, such as efficacy, safety, resistance and drug interactions, but also on the issue of viral tropism, which is unique to maraviroc and other CCR5 inhibitors.

Concomitant use of medicinal plants with antiretroviral drugs among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Arebu Issa Bilal ◽  
Bruck Messele ◽  
Dawit Teshome ◽  
Zelalem Tilahun ◽  
Teferi Gedif Fenta
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In spite of an increase in the health service coverage of the country, studies reported that significant proportion of the Ethiopian population still relies on traditional medicine, particularly on the herbal aspect, for their healthcare. The aim of the present study was to determine the extent of the concomitant use of herbal medicines with modern antiretroviral medicines and identify the commonly used herbs among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June, 2017 among HIV/AIDS patients in five hospitals selected from four regions and one city Administration (Addis Ababa). A total of 768 HIV/AIDS patients were successfully interviewed and included in the analysis. Most 480 (62.5%) of them were on tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus lamivudine (3TC)and efavirenz (EFV) regimen. Two hundred nineteen (28.5%) patients reported that they had used herbal medicines to treat their illness; of these 145 (66.2%) used herbal products along with modern medicine. Of those who reported to have used herbal medicine with modern medicine, 53 (40.8%) claimed that they took the herbal medicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, while 51(39.2%) used for treating co-morbid diseases. Only 33 (15.0%) of those who used herbal medicines along with modern drugs discussed the issue either with their physicians or pharmacists. A total of 31 plant species were reported to be used for the treatment as well as alleviation of symptoms associated with the disease. The most commonly cited herbal medicines that  have been used by HIV/AIDS patients to treat their comorbid diseases were Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. (Moringaceae) (35.6%) followed by Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. (Lamiaceae) (18.0%), Zheneria scabra Sond. (Cucurbitaceae) (7.2%), Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae) (5.7%), and Ruta chalapensis L. (Rutaceae) (5.7%). The study revealed that close to one-third of HIV/AIDS patients interviewed reported use of herbal medicine and almost two-thirds of them did so concomitantly with modern medicine. Only small percentage of the patients who used herbal medicines along with modern drugs disclose the use either to their treating physicians or to counselling pharmacists. Practitioners involved in antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics, therefore, need to inquire information related to the use of herbal medicines and accordingly advise the patients. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, medicinal plant, cross-sectional study, concomitant use, Ethiopia  

scholarly journals Canadian Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Cytomegalovirus Disease in HIV/AIDS

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G Lalonde ◽  
Guy Bovivin ◽  
Jean Deschênes ◽  
William G Hodge ◽  
J Jill Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Consensus Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Cmv Disease ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: The management of HIV-infected patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease has changed significantly with the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).OBJECTIVES: These updated guidelines are intended to provide practical help to physicians managing HIV-positive patients with or at risk for CMV disease.METHODS: The 10 members of the Canadian CMV Disease in HIV/AIDS Consensus Group were infectious disease specialists, a primary care physician and ophthalmologists with expertise in HIV and CMV infection. Financial support by Hoffmann-La Roche Canada Ltd was unrestricted, and was limited to travel expenses and honoraria. The consensus group met in June and October 2002. Key areas to be considered were identified, and group members selected, reviewed and presented relevant recent literature for their assigned section for the group's consideration. Evidence was assessed based on established criteria, which were expert opinions of the members. Draft documents were circulated to the entire group and modified until consensus was reached. The final guidelines represent the group's consensus agreement. The guidelines were approved by the Canadian Infectious Disease Society.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines address symptom monitoring, screening for early detection and prevention, and treatment using oral, intravenous and intraocular anti-CMV therapies in conjunction with HAART.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Increase in CD4 count of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Mega Permata ◽  
Harun Hudari ◽  
Mediarty ◽  
Taufik Indrajaya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. Vitamin D plays a role in health overall, but hypovitaminosis D stilloccurs throughout the world. HIV/AIDS patients are prone to suffer fromhypovitaminosis D because of the infection itself and the side effects of antiretroviraltherapy. Various effort have been tried to improve the immune status of HIV/AIDSpatients, one of them is by adding vitamin D. Vitamin D acts as an antiinflammatoryso that it can prevent apoptosis of CD4 T cells and increase CD4 cell count.Methods. This is a randomized control trial add on a study that aims to determinethe effect of vitamin D to increase in CD4 counts of HIV / AIDS patients who havereceived antiretroviral drugs. Subjects were HIV / AIDS patients who had receivedantiretroviral drugs. A total of 20 subjects were divided randomly into two groups;one group received vitamin D (calcitriol 0.5 mcg per day) for eight weeks, and theother group that received a placebo. Each group was measured of CD4 cell countbefore and after treatment. Results. There was a significant increase in the CD4 cellcount of the vitamin D group (p = 0.046), but not in the CD4 cell count of bothgroups (p = 0.985). The comparison of mean CD4 cell counts between groups beforetreatment was not significantly different (p = 0.057), but after treatment, it becamesignificantly different (p = 0.040). Conclusion. Vitamin D has been successful inincreasing CD4 cell count in the vitamin D group, and it is recommended to giveHIV / AIDS patients to increase CD4 cell count.

Comparison of particle swarm and bacterial foraging optimization algorithms for therapy planning in HIV/AIDS patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650024 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kamalanand ◽  
P. Mannar Jawahar
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Therapy Planning ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Optimization ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Hiv Aids

In HIV/AIDS patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used for reducing the viral load and helps in increasing the life span of the individual. However, severe side effects are associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs. Hence, a treatment schedule, using minimal amount of drugs, is required for maintaining a low viral load and a healthy immune system. The objective of this work is to compute the optimal dosage of antiretroviral drugs for therapy planning in HIV/AIDS patients, using intelligent optimization techniques. In this work, two computational swarm intelligence techniques known as the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) in conjunction with the three-dimensional mathematical model of HIV/AIDS have been used for estimating the optimal drug dosage for administering therapy by minimization of viral load as well as the total drug concentration. Results demonstrate that, using the proposed method, it is possible to achieve minimal viral load and an improved immune system, with the estimated drug dosage. Further, it was observed that the efficiency of BFO (CD4 cells [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cells/mm3 at seventh year of infection) for estimation of optimal drug dosage is higher than the PSO method (CD4 cells [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cells/mm3 at seventh year of infection). This work seems to be of high clinical relevance since, at present, ART is the widely used procedure for treatment of HIV infected patients.

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