scholarly journals In Situ Measurement of Airborne Particle Concentration in a Real Dental Office: Implications for Disease Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8955
Author(s):  
Maryam Razavi ◽  
Zahid Butt ◽  
Helen Chen ◽  
Zhongchao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Generation Zone ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
Aerosol Dispersion

Aerosols generated during dental procedures are one of the most significant routes for infection transmission and are particularly relevant now in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an indoor air purifier on dental aerosol dispersion in dental offices. The spread and removal of aerosol particles generated from a specific dental operation in a dental office are quantified for a single dental activity in the area near the generation and corner of the office. The effects of the air purifier, door condition, and particle sizes on the spread and removal of particles were investigated. The results show that, in the worst-case scenario, it takes 95 min for 0.5-μm particles to settle and that it takes a shorter time for the larger particles. The air purifier expedited the removal time at least 6.3 times faster than the case with no air purifier in the generation zone. Our results also indicate that particles may be transported from the source to the rest of the room even when the particle concentrations in the generation zone dropped back to the background. Therefore, it is inaccurate to conclude that indoor purifiers help reduce the transmission of COVID-19. Dental offices still need other methods to reduce the transmission of viruses.

scholarly journals In Situ Measurement of Airborne Particle Concentration in a Real Dental Office: Implications for Disease Transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Razavi ◽  
Zahid Butt ◽  
Helen Chen ◽  
Zhongchao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Generation Zone ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Dental Offices

Abstract Aerosols generated during dental procedures are one of the most significant routes for infection transmission and are particularly relevant now in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the mechanisms of dental aerosol dispersion in dental offices and provide recommendations to minimize infection transmission in dental offices. The spread and removal of aerosol particles generated from a specific dental operation in a dental office are quantified for a single dental activity in the area near to the generation and corner of the office. The effects of the air purifier, door condition, and particle sizes on the spread and removal of particles were investigated. The results will help to develop technologies for the proper control of aerosols and splatters generated during the dental procedures. The results show that in the worst-case scenario it takes 95 min for 0.5 𝜇m particles to settle and that it takes a shorter time for the larger particles. The air purifier expedited the removal time at least 6.3 times faster than the case with no air purifier in the generation zone. Our results also indicate that particles may be transported from the source to the rest of the room, even when the particle concentrations in the generation zone dropped back to the background. Our findings have important implications for infection transmission in indoor spaces such as healthcare settings.

scholarly journals In situ measurement of airborne particle concentration in a real dental office: implications for disease transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Razavi ◽  
Zahid Butt ◽  
Helen Chen ◽  
Zhongchao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Generation Zone ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Dental Offices

Abstract Aerosols generated during dental procedures are one of the most significant routes for infection transmission and are particularly relevant now in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the mechanisms of dental aerosol dispersion in dental offices and provide recommendations to minimize infection transmission in dental offices. The spread and removal of aerosol particles generated from a specific dental operation in a dental office are quantified for a single dental activity in the area near to the generation and corner of the office. The effects of the air purifier, door condition, and particle sizes on the spread and removal of particles were investigated. The results will help develop technologies for the proper control of aerosols and splatters generated during dental procedures. The results show that in the worst-case scenario it takes 95 min for 0.5 𝜇m particles to settle and that it takes a shorter time for the larger particles. The air purifier expedited the removal time at least 6.3 times faster than the case with no air purifier in the generation zone. Our results also indicate that particles may be transported from the source to the rest of the room, even when the particle concentrations in the generation zone dropped back to the background. Our findings have important implications for informing best practices for preventing infection transmission in indoor spaces such as healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Aerosol Reduction In Dentistry: Minimizing Risk Of Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu P. Lakhani ◽  
Apoorva Sharma ◽  
Varun Sanwalka ◽  
Pulkit Lakhani
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Procedural Recommendations ◽  
Dental Professionals

— Introduction: The challenging times of COVID 19 pandemic pose a greater risk to dental professionals and patients. Since the worldwide outbreak, dental offices have been advised to disrupt regular functioning. Aim and Objective: This article aims to discuss measures of infection prevention and control, special procedural recommendations to minimize disease transmission while reducing aerosol generation, surface disinfection and careful waste management to assist dental offices to limit the risk of COVID 19. Conclusion: Adhering to the principles of infection control and non-aerosol generating practices in dental office could help control disease transmission, keeping the dental professionals and the patients safe.

scholarly journals Detection and Control of Prion Diseases in Food Animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hedlin ◽  
Ryan Taschuk ◽  
Andrew Potter ◽  
Philip Griebel ◽  
Scott Napper
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Food Animals

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, represent a unique form of infectious disease based on misfolding of a self-protein (PrPC) into a pathological, infectious conformation (PrPSc). Prion diseases of food animals gained notoriety during the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreak of the 1980s. In particular, disease transmission to humans, to the generation of a fatal, untreatable disease, elevated the perspective on livestock prion diseases from food production to food safety. While the immediate threat posed by BSE has been successfully addressed through surveillance and improved management practices, another prion disease is rapidly spreading. Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of cervids, has been confirmed in wild and captive populations with devastating impact on the farmed cervid industries. Furthermore, the unabated spread of this disease through wild populations threatens a natural resource that is a source of considerable economic benefit and national pride. In a worst-case scenario, CWD may represent a zoonotic threat either through direct transmission via consumption of infected cervids or through a secondary food animal, such as cattle. This has energized efforts to understand prion diseases as well as to develop tools for disease detection, prevention, and management. Progress in each of these areas is discussed.

scholarly journals Chikungunya Beyond the Tropics: Where and When Do We Expect Disease Transmission in Europe?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Nils Benjamin Tjaden ◽  
Yanchao Cheng ◽  
Carl Beierkuhnlein ◽  
Stephanie Margarete Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Transmission Period ◽  
The Tropics

Chikungunya virus disease (chikungunya) is a mosquito-borne infectious disease reported in at least 50 countries, mostly in the tropics. It has spread around the globe within the last two decades, with local outbreaks in Europe. The vector mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) has already widely established itself in southern Europe and is spreading towards central parts of the continent. Public health authorities and policymakers need to be informed about where and when a chikungunya transmission is likely to take place. Here, we adapted a previously published global ecological niche model (ENM) by including only non-tropical chikungunya occurrence records and selecting bioclimatic variables that can reflect the temperate and sub-tropical conditions in Europe with greater accuracy. Additionally, we applied an epidemiological model to capture the temporal outbreak risk of chikungunya in six selected European cities. Overall, the non-tropical ENM captures all the previous outbreaks in Europe, whereas the global ENM had underestimated the risk. Highly suitable areas are more widespread than previously assumed. They are found in coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea, in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, and in Atlantic coastal areas of France. Under a worst-case scenario, even large areas of western Germany and the Benelux states are considered potential areas of transmission. For the six selected European cities, June–September (the 22th–38th week) is the most vulnerable time period, with the maximum continuous duration of a possible transmission period lasting up to 93 days (Ravenna, Italy).

scholarly journals Just Say “No”: Can Dentists Refuse Care on the Basis of Finances? A Survey Using an Ethical Vignette in an Iranian Dental School

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kazemian ◽  
Mahsa Fayyazi ◽  
Shahrzad Shafiee
Keyword(s):  
Dental Students ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Ethical Attitude ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
Ethics Courses

Abstract Background: Many dental procedures seem to be too expensive for many people. Responding to the requests of patients for fee reduction could be considered a common ethical issue of dental practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental students and tutors’ ethical attitude towards fee reduction at dental offices. Method: Our study was a questionnaire-based survey, which examined the ethical attitudes of students and tutors of an Iranian Dental School. The questionnaire included a vignette about an ethical dilemma at a dental office. Different ethical approaches, i.e. duty-based, virtue-oriented and consequentialist arguments, for or against fee reduction at dental office were suggested. Respondents were asked to rank those ethical options. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 16.0. 121 dental students and 36 faculty members (dental specialists) participated in this study. Result: Our findings revealed that the majority of dental students and tutors (68%) are in favor of making a reduction when facing an imagined request at dental office, using either virtue-oriented (54%) or consequentialist (14%) arguments. The difference between rankings of four options was statistically significant, while no statistically significant difference exists neither between male and female respondents, nor students and tutors. Conclusion: This case study provides a basis for fruitful discussions in ethics courses for dental students. Our study suggests that financial issues should be considered as a part of ethical training in the dental students’ curriculum.

scholarly journals Changes in dental practice in times of COVID-19: review and recommendations for dental health care

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Gonçalves de Souza e Silva SILVEIRA ◽  
Matheus dos Santos FERNANDEZ ◽  
Thais Freitas Formozo TILLMANN ◽  
Júlia Freire DANIGNO ◽  
Mariana Silveira ECHEVERRIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Patient Screening ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Dental Professionals

ABSTRACT The aim of this article was to discuss biosafety measures described in the main protocols for minimizing the risk of COVID-19 transmission during dental care. COVID-19 appeared in China in late 2019 and quickly spread to other countries. Factors inherent to dental practice, such as proximity to the patient, transmission through saliva and breath, and the generation of aerosols during procedures, place the dental team at the top of the list among the most vulnerable healthcare providers. Health authorities initially recommended only maintaining urgent and emergency care and suspending elective dental procedures. Currently, elective care is gradually being resumed and requires numerous adjustments to the environment and professional routine in terms of biosafety. Several methods had been recommended to prevent the spread of other infectious diseases prior to the outbreak of COVID-19. However, further modifications are needed for the waiting room, patient screening and flow, procedures, garments, and even in dental office itself. Thus, dental professionals need to be prepared to adopt the new recommendations in order to reduce the chance of disease transmission.

Reducing Probabilistic Weather Forecasts to the Worst Case Scenario: Anchoring Effects

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Savelli ◽  
Susan Joslyn ◽  
Limor Nadav-Greenberg ◽  
Queena Chen
Keyword(s):  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Anchoring Effects

Microbiological purity of syringes containing composites in the context of cross-infection prevention in dental practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Joanna Bialowska ◽  
Witold Bojar ◽  
Tomasz Zareba ◽  
Stefan Tyski ◽  
Barbara Tymczyna-Borowicz
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

AbstractCross-infection involves the transmission of microorganisms through secretions, bodily fluids and excreta, as well as undisinfected surfaces and medical equipment. In the dental office, diseases are transmitted via various routes, e.g. from patient to dentist or other member of dental team, from doctor or dental team member to patient, from patient to another patient, from dental office to community and from community to patient. The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of infection control in dental practices based on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of microbiological contaminants detected on the surface of filling material packaging used in dental offices. The material for research were 9 packages containing dental materials during their use in 3 dental settings. The packages were placed in sterile flasks and rinsed to wash microorganisms from the surfaces. The washes were filtered through membrane filters and cultured under proper aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and at elevated CO2 concentration. Microbial growth on TIO and TSB media was observed. The contamination of most samples remained low as indicated by the growth from one to a maximum of five colonies on TSA. The contamination remained at the level of 10-50 CFU/package, i.e. <100 CFU/single package. The tests evaluating the contamination of dental package surfaces with aerobic bacteria confirmed high hygiene standards observed in dental offices from which the packages were brought.

EXPEDITION TO MALI, 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
D. V. Vaniukova ◽  
◽  
P. A. Kutsenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Murder ◽  
The State ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The Village

The research expedition of the Institute of Oriental studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been working in Mali since 2015. Since 2017, it has been attended by employees of the State Museum of the East. The task of the expedition is to study the transformation of traditional Dogon culture in the context of globalization, as well as to collect ethnographic information (life, customs, features of the traditional social and political structure); to collect oral historical legends; to study the history, existence, and transformation of artistic tradition in the villages of the Dogon Country in modern conditions; collecting items of Ethnography and art to add to the collection of the African collection of the. Peter the Great Museum (Kunstkamera, Saint Petersburg) and the State Museum of Oriental Arts (Moscow). The plan of the expedition in January 2020 included additional items, namely, the study of the functioning of the antique market in Mali (the “path” of things from villages to cities, which is important for attributing works of traditional art). The geography of our research was significantly expanded to the regions of Sikasso and Koulikoro in Mali, as well as to the city of Bobo-Dioulasso and its surroundings in Burkina Faso, which is related to the study of migrations to the Bandiagara Highlands. In addition, the plan of the expedition included organization of a photo exhibition in the Museum of the village of Endé and some educational projects. Unfortunately, after the mass murder in March 2019 in the village of Ogossogou-Pel, where more than one hundred and seventy people were killed, events in the Dogon Country began to develop in the worst-case scenario: The incessant provocations after that revived the old feud between the Pel (Fulbe) pastoralists and the Dogon farmers. So far, this hostility and mutual distrust has not yet developed into a full-scale ethnic conflict, but, unfortunately, such a development now seems quite likely.

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