scholarly journals Association between Smoking during Pregnancy and Short Root Anomaly in Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11662
Author(s):  
Yuki Sagawa ◽  
Takuya Ogawa ◽  
Yusuke Matsuyama ◽  
Junka Nakagawa Kang ◽  
Miyu Yoshizawa Araki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy

Short root anomaly (SRA) is a dental anomaly with short dental roots and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This study investigated the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and SRA in offspring. A survey was conducted on 558 children aged 8–16 years from two public schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. SRA was diagnosed using cases with a root-crown ratio of maxillary central incisors of ≤1.0. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess maternal lifestyle habits. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and SRA in offspring after adjusting for possible confounders. The prevalence of SRA in these children was 14.2%. Children whose mothers smoked from pregnancy to date were found to be 4.95 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65–14.79) more likely to have SRA than those whose mothers never smoked, after adjusting for possible confounders. Additionally, children whose mothers had been exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy were found to be 1.86 times (95% CI: 1.02–3.40) more likely to have SRA than those whose mothers had not been exposed to passive smoke. Our population-based study suggests that maternal and passive smoking exposure during pregnancy can affect tooth root formation in children.

scholarly journals Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Timing of Puberty in Sons and Daughters: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nis Brix ◽  
Andreas Ernst ◽  
Lea L B Lauridsen ◽  
Erik T Parner ◽  
Jørn Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Timing Of Puberty ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

scholarly journals Decreased head circumference at birth associated with maternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy on the Japanese prospective birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Shiohama ◽  
Aya Hisada ◽  
Midori Yamamoto ◽  
Kenichi Sakurai ◽  
Rieko Takatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking Group ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMaternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy impairs fetal body size, including head circumference (HC) at birth; however, the mechanism still remains unclear. This analysis using a large prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of maternal tobacco exposure on their offspring’s HC and the relationship with placental weight ratio (PWR) and placental abnormalities. Parents-children pairs (n = 84,856) were included from the 104,065 records of the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study. Maternal perinatal clinical and social information by self-administered questionnaires, offspring’s body size, and placental information were collected. Data were analyzed with binominal logistic regression analysis and path analysis. Logistic regression showed significantly elevated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (1.653, 95% CI 1.387–1.969) for the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on their offspring’s smaller HC at birth. Maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the non-smoking group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC. Path analysis showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy decreased the offspring’s HC directly, but not indirectly via PWR or placental abnormalities. The quitting smoking during pregnancy group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC than the non-smoking group, suggesting that quitting smoking may reduce their offspring’s neurological impairment even after pregnancy.

scholarly journals The independent role of prenatal and postnatal exposure to active and passive smoking on the development of early wheeze in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Vardavas ◽  
C. Hohmann ◽  
E. Patelarou ◽  
D. Martinez ◽  
A.J. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Passive Exposure ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy

Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases childhood asthma risk, but health effects in children of nonsmoking mothers passively exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy are unclear. We examined the association of maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and wheeze in children aged ≤2 years.Individual data of 27 993 mother–child pairs from 15 European birth cohorts were combined in pooled analyses taking into consideration potential confounders.Children with maternal exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy and no other smoking exposure were more likely to develop wheeze up to the age of 2 years (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20) compared with unexposed children. Risk of wheeze was further increased by children's postnatal passive smoke exposure in addition to their mothers' passive exposure during pregnancy (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19–1.40) and highest in children with both sources of passive exposure and mothers who smoked actively during pregnancy (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.59–1.88). Risk of wheeze associated with tobacco smoke exposure was higher in children with an allergic versus nonallergic family history.Maternal passive smoking exposure during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for wheeze in children up to the age of 2 years. Pregnant females should avoid active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke for the benefit of their children's health.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking status before and during pregnancy and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age: a prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Miyake ◽  
Megumi Kushima ◽  
Ryoji Shinohara ◽  
Sayaka Horiuchi ◽  
Sanae Otawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Prenatal Maternal Smoking

Abstract Background Maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy is an established risk factor for childhood asthma, but the association between maternal pre-pregnancy smoking status and asthma risk is not well understood. This study examined the association between maternal smoking status before and during pregnancy and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age. Methods The data of 75,411 mother-child pairs, excluding the missing data of exposure and outcomes from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) were used. The association between prenatal maternal smoking status and the risk of bronchial asthma at 3 years of age was determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The percentage of 3-year-old children with doctor-diagnosed bronchial asthma was 7.2%. The distribution of maternal smoking status before childbirth was as follows: Never = 60.0%, Quit before recognizing current pregnancy = 24.1%, Quit after finding out current pregnancy = 12.3%, and Still smoking = 3.6%. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of bronchial asthma at 3 years of age even after adjusting for pre- and postnatal covariates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.57). Furthermore, mothers who quit before recognizing current pregnancy (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.18) or who quit after finding out about current pregnancy (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.23) were also significantly associated. Conclusions This study suggested that not only maternal smoking during pregnancy but also maternal smoking exposure of pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of bronchial asthma in children.

Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and the Risk for Childhood Infectious Diseases in the Offspring: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Dan ◽  
Eyal Sheiner ◽  
Tamar Wainstock ◽  
Kyla Marks ◽  
Roy Kessous
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Infectious Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Objective Infectious diseases account for up to 43% of childhood hospitalizations. Given the magnitude of infection-related hospitalizations, we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the risk for long-term childhood infectious morbidity. Study Design This is a population-based cohort analysis comparing the long-term risk for infectious diseases, in children born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy versus those who did not. Infectious diseases were predefined based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Deliveries occurred between the years 1991 and 2014. Results A total of 246,854 newborns met the inclusion criteria; 2,986 (1.2%) were born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Offspring of smokers had significantly higher risk for several infectious diseases during childhood (upper respiratory tract, otitis, viral infections, and bronchitis) as well as increased risk for total infection-related hospitalizations (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–1.7; p = 0.001). Cumulative incidence of infection-related hospitalizations was significantly higher in offspring of smokers (log-rank test, p = 0.001). Controlling for maternal age, diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and gestational age at index delivery, smoking remained an independent risk factor for infectious diseases during childhood (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3–1.6; p = 0.001). Conclusion Intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking may create an environment leading to an increased future risk for long-term pediatric infectious morbidity of the offspring.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offpsring's psychiatric morbidity in early adulthood. Findings from the Finnish Family Competence Birth Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S73-S73
Author(s):  
S. Niemelä ◽  
S. Mikola ◽  
A. Sourander ◽  
P. Rautava ◽  
M. Sillanpää
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

IntroductionPrenatal smoking exposure is one of the most common insults during the fetal period prevalence varying from 5 to 19% in the European countries [1].ObjectivesPrenatal smoking exposure increases the risk of psychiatric morbidity in the offspring, externalizing disorders in particular. However, less is known whether maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for anxiety disorders [1].AimsTo study the associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring psychiatric morbidity in early adulthood in a Finnish birth cohort study.MethodsA prospective data collection from 10th gestational week (GW10) to early adulthood (n = 475, 37% from the original sample). Information on self-reported smoking during pregnancy was collected using questionnaires at GW10 and GW28. Offspring psychiatric diagnoses and clinically relevant symptoms were assessed using Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA)-interviews at age 18 to 20 years. Information on parental alcohol use, depressive mood, anxiety, and education level, as well as offspring's gender, education level, and birth weight were used as covariates.ResultsMaternal smoking during pregnancy associated independently associated with PTSD (OR = 6.9, 95% CI 1.3–35.6, P = 0.021), and conduct disorder (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.02–6.9, P = 0.046) in a multivariate analysis after adjusting for other psychiatric diagnoses, offspring and parental variables (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 0.5–6.9, P = 0.359).ConclusionsIn addition to conduct problems, prenatal nicotine exposure may increase the offspring's risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This relationship may be explained, in part, by effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and uteroplacental mechanisms [1].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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