scholarly journals Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11938
Author(s):  
Katia Fadeyev ◽  
Sayaka Nagao-Sato ◽  
Marla Reicks
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Grain Foods

Family income may influence nutrient and food group intakes among preschool children, thus increasing risk of nutrient deficiencies. This study compared nutrient and food group intakes and diet quality among a U.S. sample of children 2–5 years of age by family income to poverty ratio (PIR) based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018) data (n = 2249). Regression analyses were used to compare dietary intakes based on proxy-reported 24-h dietary recalls and Healthy Eating Index-2015 total scores by low PIR versus mid-high PIR levels adjusted for covariates. PIR levels varied by child race/ethnicity and household reference person’s sex, marital status, and education. More than half of the children in the low PIR group (56%) were reported to have received WIC benefits in the past year. Marginally lower calcium (p = 0.008) and lower fiber intakes, lower total HEI-2015 scores, and lower intakes of fruits and whole grain foods (all p < 0.007) were observed among children in low PIR households compared to mid-high PIR households. However, iron intakes were higher (p = 0.0003) among children in low PIR households compared to mid-high PIR households. Lack of other differences in nutrient and food group intakes may be attributable to WIC benefits.

scholarly journals Frequency of Meals Prepared Away from Home and Nutrient Intakes among US Adolescents (NHANES 2011–2018)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4019
Author(s):  
Shauna Golper ◽  
Sayaka Nagao-Sato ◽  
Francine Overcash ◽  
Marla Reicks
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Component Scores

Frequency of consuming foods prepared away from home has been associated with lower diet quality among adults and adolescents in several earlier studies. Nutrient and food group intake and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores were compared among a U.S. nationally representative sample of adolescents (12–19 years, n = 3975) by frequency of consuming food prepared away from home ≤2 times/week (n = 2311) versus >2 times/week (n = 1664) using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011–2018. Regression analyses were used to compare intakes among adolescents by frequency of eating meals prepared away from home adjusting for covariates. Older (16–19 years) vs. younger (12–15 years) adolescents and those from homes with higher vs. lower family income to poverty ratios had greater frequency of eating meals prepared away from home. Intakes of nutrients of concern for adolescents including choline, vitamin D, potassium, magnesium, fiber, phosphorus, folate, iron, and total HEI-2015 scores and component scores for total vegetables, and greens and beans were lower among adolescents who consumed meals prepared away from home more vs. less often. However, no differences were noted among food group intakes considered good sources of nutrients of concern such as total fruit, total vegetables, whole grains, and total dairy, except for beans and peas by frequency of eating foods prepared away from home. Greater frequency of eating foods prepared away from home was associated with lower diet quality among adolescents in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents.

scholarly journals Nutrition During Pregnancy: Findings from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies – Singleton Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie N Hinkle ◽  
Cuilin Zhang ◽  
Katherine L Grantz ◽  
Anthony Sciscione ◽  
Deborah A Wing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Growth Studies ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence indicates that maternal diets are important for optimizing maternal and offspring health. Existing research lacks comprehensive profiles of maternal diets throughout pregnancy, especially in a racially/ethnically diverse obstetrical population. Objective To characterize diets in a longitudinal U.S. pregnancy cohort by trimester, race/ethnicity, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Methods Data were obtained from pregnant women in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies - Singleton cohort (2009–2013). A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at 8–13 weeks gestation assessed periconception and first trimester diet (n = 1615). Automated, self-administered, 24-hour dietary recalls targeted at 16–22, 24–29, 30–33, and 34–37 weeks gestation assessed second and third trimester diets (n = 1817 women/6791 recalls). Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI) assessed diet quality (i.e., adherence to U.S. Dietary Guidelines). Variations in weighted energy-adjusted means for foods and nutrients were examined by trimester, self-identified race/ethnicity, and self-reported pre-pregnancy BMI. Results Mean (95% confidence interval) HEI was 65.9 (64.9,67.0) during periconception to first trimester assessed with an FFQ, and 51.6 (50.8,52.4) and 51.5 (50.7,52.3) during the second trimester and third trimester, respectively, assessed using 24-hour recalls. No significant differences were observed between second and third trimester in macronutrients, micronutrients, foods, or HEI components (P ≥ 0.05). Periconception to first trimester HEI was highest among Asian/Pacific Islander [67.2 (65.9,68.6)] and lowest among non-Hispanic Black [58.7 (57.5,60.0)] women and highest among women with normal weight [67.2 (66.1,68.4)] and lowest among women with obesity [63.5 (62.1,64.9)]. Similar rankings were observed in the second/third trimesters. Conclusions Most pregnant women in this cohort reported dietary intakes that, on average, did not meet U.S. Dietary Guidelines for non-pregnant individuals. Also, diet differed across race/ethnic groups and by pre-pregnancy BMI with lowest overall dietary quality in all trimesters among non-Hispanic Black women and women with obesity. No meaningful changes in dietary intake were observed between the second and third trimesters.

scholarly journals Children’s Dietary Quality and Micronutrient Adequacy by Food Security in the Household and among Household Children

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinyoung Jun ◽  
Mary J. Zeh ◽  
Heather A. Eicher-Miller ◽  
Regan L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Hispanic Origin ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio

Children’s food-security status has been described largely based on either the classification of food security in the household or among household children, but few studies have investigated the relationship between food security among household children and overall dietary quality. Our goal was to examine children’s dietary quality and micronutrient adequacy by food-security classification for the household and among household children. Data from 5540 children (2–17 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were analyzed. Food-security status was assessed using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module and categorized into high, marginal, low, and very low food security for the households and among household children. Dietary quality and micronutrient adequacy were characterized by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR; based on total nutrient intakes from diet and dietary supplements), respectively. The HEI 2015 scores did not substantially vary by either food-security classification, but the MAR was greater in high compared to very low food security in households and among household children; a linear relationship was found only among household children. In general, very good agreement was observed between the classifications, but the strength of agreement differed by children’s age, race/Hispanic origin, and family income. In conclusion, micronutrient adequacy, but not dietary quality, significantly differed by food-security status. While the agreement between food security in the household and among household children is very good, classification of food security among household children may be more sensitive to detecting differences in exposure to nutrients.

scholarly journals Comparing Two Days of Dietary Intake in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES, 2013–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Lois C. Steinfeldt ◽  
Carrie L. Martin ◽  
John C. Clemens ◽  
Alanna J. Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hispanic White

The objective of this research is to compare the Day 1 and Day 2 dietary intakes of adults in What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA, NHANES) 2013–2016. Dietary recalls of males (n = 2599) and females (n = 2624) 20+ years who had both a Day 1 and Day 2 recall and reported their intake as usual on both days in WWEIA, NHANES 2013–2016 were examined. Mean (±SE) energy intake for males was 2425 ± 26 kcal for Day 1 and 2334 ± 32 kcal for Day 2 (p = 0.004). For females, 1832 ± 18 kcal and 1775 ± 26 kcal were reported for Day 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.020). There were no significant differences between energy intake on Day 1 and Day 2 within males and females by ten-year age groups. Comparing 20 year age groups for males and females by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic) and income (<131%, 131–350%, and >350% of poverty level) also showed no significant differences in energy intake between Day 1 and Day 2. Mean energy intake of adults was not statistically different between the two days of recall by sex, race/ethnicity or income within selected age groups. Overall, the difference in energy intake was less than 4% for both males and females.

scholarly journals Race/Ethnicity, Enrichment/Fortification, and Dietary Supplementation in the U.S. Population, NHANES 2009–2012

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Malek ◽  
Jill C. Newman ◽  
Kelly J. Hunt ◽  
Bernadette P. Marriott
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Iron And Calcium ◽  
The U.S

In the United States (U.S.), food fortification and/or enrichment and dietary supplement (DS) use impacts nutrient intakes. Our aim was to examine race/ethnicity and income (Poverty Income Ratio, PIR) differences in meeting the Dietary Reference Intakes based on estimated dietary intakes among the U.S. population age ≥2 years (n = 16,975). Two 24-hour recalls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2009–2012 were used to estimate the intake of 15 nutrients as naturally occurring, enriched/fortified, and plus DSs. Across racial/ethnic groups and within PIR categories, significant differences were observed in the %< Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamin A following enrichment/fortification (E/F) and for vitamin B12 and riboflavin following both E/F and DS use when comparing non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and the other race/ethnicity group to non-Hispanic whites. The %<EAR for iron and calcium also differed depending on race/ethnicity within PIR category (p < 0.05). The %<EAR was significantly lower for vitamin D after E/F for Hispanics, and after E/F combined with DS use for vitamins C and B6 for Hispanics and the other race/ethnicity group than non-Hispanic whites. Non-Hispanic blacks were inadequate in all nutrients examined except vitamin C based on the %<EAR than individuals of other races/ethnicities. Differences in the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of nutrients, especially folate and zinc, also varied by race/ethnicity and PIR category.

scholarly journals Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D. Smith ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Calcium Iron

Ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal is a popular food among children. However, there are no recent data on the associations between RTE cereal consumption and dietary outcomes in the U.S. Therefore, we sought to investigate how RTE cereal was associated with nutrient and food group intakes and overall dietary quality among children aged 0.5 to 17 years using the latest data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2015–2016). Thirty-six percent of children reported consuming RTE cereal. RTE cereal eaters consumed the same number of calories as non-eaters but had higher intakes of total carbohydrates, total sugar, fiber, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D, as well as lower intakes of total fat and saturated fat (p ≤ 0.0007). We also found that children who consumed RTE cereal had 29% higher total dairy intake (p < 0.0001) and 61% higher whole grain intake (p < 0.0001). Lastly, children who ate RTE cereal had higher diet quality than the children that did not eat RTE cereal, as shown by Healthy Eating Index 2015 total score (52.6 versus 47.7, p < 0.0001). Therefore, consumption of whole-grain fortified RTE cereals should be encouraged as part of healthy dietary patterns for children.

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