scholarly journals Frequency of Meals Prepared Away from Home and Nutrient Intakes among US Adolescents (NHANES 2011–2018)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4019
Author(s):  
Shauna Golper ◽  
Sayaka Nagao-Sato ◽  
Francine Overcash ◽  
Marla Reicks
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Component Scores

Frequency of consuming foods prepared away from home has been associated with lower diet quality among adults and adolescents in several earlier studies. Nutrient and food group intake and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores were compared among a U.S. nationally representative sample of adolescents (12–19 years, n = 3975) by frequency of consuming food prepared away from home ≤2 times/week (n = 2311) versus >2 times/week (n = 1664) using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011–2018. Regression analyses were used to compare intakes among adolescents by frequency of eating meals prepared away from home adjusting for covariates. Older (16–19 years) vs. younger (12–15 years) adolescents and those from homes with higher vs. lower family income to poverty ratios had greater frequency of eating meals prepared away from home. Intakes of nutrients of concern for adolescents including choline, vitamin D, potassium, magnesium, fiber, phosphorus, folate, iron, and total HEI-2015 scores and component scores for total vegetables, and greens and beans were lower among adolescents who consumed meals prepared away from home more vs. less often. However, no differences were noted among food group intakes considered good sources of nutrients of concern such as total fruit, total vegetables, whole grains, and total dairy, except for beans and peas by frequency of eating foods prepared away from home. Greater frequency of eating foods prepared away from home was associated with lower diet quality among adolescents in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents.

scholarly journals Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal and Its Associations With Food Group Intake and Diet Quality in the United States, NHANES 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1114-1114
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
James Normington ◽  
Jean-Michel Michno ◽  
Nort Holschuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Objectives Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) is a nutrient-dense food that has been associated with better nutrient intake. This study was conducted to examine the association between consumption of RTEC and food group intake and diet quality in the United States using the most recent nationally representative data. Methods Participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 were classified as RTEC eaters or non-eaters depending on whether RTEC was reported in their day-1 dietary recall. Food group intake was estimated from Food Patterns Equivalence Database 2017–2018. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). Differences in food group intake and diet quality by RTEC consumption status were compared by ANOVA for survey, and were analyzed separately in children (2–17 y, N = 2135), adults 18–64 y (N = 3675), and older adults (65 y or older, N = 1221). Results Consumption of RTEC was associated with significantly higher intake of whole grains and dairy products, in all age groups examined (all P < 0.01). Children who consumed RTEC had a significantly lower intake of total protein foods (3.7 cup eq. vs 4.6 cup eq., P < 0.001) and vegetables (0.7 cup eq. vs 0.9 cup eq., P < 0.001) than non-eaters, however, intake of these food groups was not significantly different in adults 18–64 y or older adults by RTEC consumption status. Consumption of RTEC was not significantly associated with intake of added sugar in all age groups examined (all P > 0.05). Diet quality, as measured by HEI-2015 total score, was significantly higher in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in children, adults 18–64y, and older adults (all P < 0.01). Conclusions The results demonstrated that consumption of RTEC was associated with higher intake of whole grains and dairy products, but not with added sugar in the US population. RTEC consumption was also associated with better diet quality. Funding Sources The study was supported by Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among U.S. Children (2–5 Years) Differ by Family Income to Poverty Ratio, NHANES 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11938
Author(s):  
Katia Fadeyev ◽  
Sayaka Nagao-Sato ◽  
Marla Reicks
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Grain Foods

Family income may influence nutrient and food group intakes among preschool children, thus increasing risk of nutrient deficiencies. This study compared nutrient and food group intakes and diet quality among a U.S. sample of children 2–5 years of age by family income to poverty ratio (PIR) based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018) data (n = 2249). Regression analyses were used to compare dietary intakes based on proxy-reported 24-h dietary recalls and Healthy Eating Index-2015 total scores by low PIR versus mid-high PIR levels adjusted for covariates. PIR levels varied by child race/ethnicity and household reference person’s sex, marital status, and education. More than half of the children in the low PIR group (56%) were reported to have received WIC benefits in the past year. Marginally lower calcium (p = 0.008) and lower fiber intakes, lower total HEI-2015 scores, and lower intakes of fruits and whole grain foods (all p < 0.007) were observed among children in low PIR households compared to mid-high PIR households. However, iron intakes were higher (p = 0.0003) among children in low PIR households compared to mid-high PIR households. Lack of other differences in nutrient and food group intakes may be attributable to WIC benefits.

The effects of skipping a meal on daily energy intake and diet quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (18) ◽  
pp. 3346-3355
Author(s):  
Eliana Zeballos ◽  
Jessica E Todd
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Skipping Breakfast ◽  
Component Scores

AbstractObjective:To examine whether skipping breakfast or lunch increased the next meal’s energy content and changed total daily energy content and the quality of food intake measured by the 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010).Design:Means were compared across intake days and meal patterns. Multivariate individual fixed-effects model was used to account for individual food intake and diet quality preferences.Setting:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2016.Participants:Adults aged 18 years or older who reported 2 d (24-h periods) of dietary intake and were not pregnant or lactating (n 23 488).Results:Adults consumed 193 more kJ at lunch after skipping breakfast and 783 more kJ at dinner after skipping breakfast and lunch. Skipping at least one meal reduced total daily intake between 1053 (breakfast) and 1464 (dinner) kJ and reduced the daily HEI score. Skipping breakfast or skipping lunch reduced the HEI component scores for fruit, whole grains, dairy and empty energy; skipping lunch reduced the component scores for fruit, vegetables, whole grain, dairy, seafood and plant protein, and empty energy. Skipping dinner reduced component scores for vegetables, greens and beans, dairy, protein food, seafood and plant proteins, and empty energy. Skipping one or more meals increased component scores for total vegetables (breakfast), whole grains (dinner), Na (lunch or dinner) and refined grains (breakfast, lunch or dinner).Conclusions:Skipping meals (particularly dinner) reduces daily energy intake, but the reduction in daily diet quality (particularly when skipping breakfast) may impact health negatively over time.

scholarly journals Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D. Smith ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Calcium Iron

Ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal is a popular food among children. However, there are no recent data on the associations between RTE cereal consumption and dietary outcomes in the U.S. Therefore, we sought to investigate how RTE cereal was associated with nutrient and food group intakes and overall dietary quality among children aged 0.5 to 17 years using the latest data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2015–2016). Thirty-six percent of children reported consuming RTE cereal. RTE cereal eaters consumed the same number of calories as non-eaters but had higher intakes of total carbohydrates, total sugar, fiber, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D, as well as lower intakes of total fat and saturated fat (p ≤ 0.0007). We also found that children who consumed RTE cereal had 29% higher total dairy intake (p < 0.0001) and 61% higher whole grain intake (p < 0.0001). Lastly, children who ate RTE cereal had higher diet quality than the children that did not eat RTE cereal, as shown by Healthy Eating Index 2015 total score (52.6 versus 47.7, p < 0.0001). Therefore, consumption of whole-grain fortified RTE cereals should be encouraged as part of healthy dietary patterns for children.

scholarly journals Diet Quality and Environmental Sustainability Are Linked, But in Unexpected Ways

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
Zach Conrad ◽  
Nicole Blackstone ◽  
Eric Roy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Dietary Data

Abstract Objectives Studies linking diet quality with environmental impacts in the US have generally not accounted for the additional burden associated with retail losses, inedible portions, and consumer waste. Moreover, there is a need to assess the environmental impacts of shifts in diet quality using data collected directly from individuals, rather than assessing the impacts of nutritionally perfect theoretical diets. This study fills these important research gaps by assessing the relationship between observed diet quality among a nationally-representative sample and the amount of agricultural resources used to produce food. Methods Dietary data from 50,014 individuals ≥2 y were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005–2016), and diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Food retail losses, inedible portions, and consumer waste were estimated by linking data from the USDA Loss-adjusted Food Availability data series with dietary data from NHANES. These data were input into the US Foodprint Model, which was modified to estimate the amount of agricultural resources needed to meet food demand. Results Daily per capita food demand represented nearly four pounds (1673 grams) of food, including 7% retail loss, 15% inedible, 24% consumer waste, and 54% consumption. Higher diet quality (HEI and AHEI) was associated with greater retail loss, inedible portions, consumer waste, and consumption (P &lt; 0.001 for all). Higher diet quality was associated (P &lt; 0.05) with lower use of agricultural land (HEI and AHEI), greater use of irrigation water and pesticides (HEI), and lower use of fertilizers (AHEI). Conclusions Among a nationally-representative sample of over 50 thousand Americans, higher diet quality was associated with greater food retail loss, inedible portions, consumer waste, and consumption. Higher diet quality was also associated with lower use of some agricultural resources (land and fertilizers), but greater use of others (irrigation water and pesticides). By combining robust measures of diet quality with an advanced food system modeling framework, this study reveals that the link between diet quality and environmental sustainability is more nuanced than previously understood. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Association of Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption with Nutrient and Food Group Intake and Diet Quality by Income Status Among Children, NHANES 2013–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1489-1489
Author(s):  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
Yong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
High Income ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Income Status

Abstract Objectives Ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal is an important source of nutrients and whole grains in the diet of children and is associated with higher diet quality. Socioeconomic status is also strongly associated with nutrient intake and diet quality in the US. The objective of this study was to characterize the association between RTE cereal consumption and nutrient and food group intake and diet quality in US children ages 2 to 18 years stratified by their household income status. Methods Children age 2 to 18 years (N = 5658) in two cycles (2013–2014 and 2015–2016) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a US nationally representative cross-sectional study, were categorized as RTE cereal eaters or non-eaters based on one day 24-hour dietary recall. Children were further stratified by their household income status according to the poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), as low-income (PIR ≤ 1.85), mid-income (PIR &gt; 1.85 to &lt;3.50) or high-income (PIR ≥ 3.50). Nutrient intakes, food group intake, and diet quality were compared between RTE cereal eaters and non-eaters in each income category using t-tests. Results More children in the low-income group were RTE cereal eaters (52%) compared to children in the mid-income (24%) and high-income (23%) groups. RTE cereal eaters, compared to non-eaters, in the low-income group had higher intakes of calcium (23% higher), vitamin D (85%), potassium (9%), fiber (12%), iron (71%), magnesium (11%), vitamin A (66%), and vitamin C (21%) (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Conversely, only intakes of vitamin D (59% higher), iron (56%) and vitamin A (39%) were significantly higher in RTE cereal eaters than non-eaters from the high-income group (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Cereal eaters also had higher intake of several key food groups including total dairy, fluid milk, and whole grains in all groups (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Lastly, diet quality was significantly higher among RTE cereal eaters, compared to non-eaters, in the low- and mid-income groups (P &lt; 0.05 for both) but not the high-income group. Conclusions RTE cereal is a popular, affordable food that provides under-consumed nutrients and food groups and is associated with increased diet quality particularly among low-income children. Funding Sources This study was funded by the Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals Consumption of whole grains is associated with improved diet quality and nutrient intake in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E O’Neil ◽  
Theresa A Nicklas ◽  
Michael Zanovec ◽  
Susan S Cho ◽  
Ronald Kleinman
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of consumption of whole grains (WG) with diet quality and nutrient intake in children and adolescents.DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional data.SettingThe 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.SubjectsChildren aged 2–5 years (n 2278) and 6–12 years (n 3868) and adolescents aged 13–18 years (n 4931). The participants were divided into four WG consumption groups: ≥0 to <0·6, ≥0·6 to <1·5, ≥1·5 to <3·0 and ≥3·0 servings/d. Nutrient intake and diet quality, using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005, were determined for each group from a single 24 h dietary recall.ResultsThe mean number of servings of WG consumed was 0·45, 0·59 and 0·63 for children/adolescents at the age of 2–5, 6–12 and 13–18 years, respectively. In all groups, HEI and intakes of energy, fibre, vitamin B6, folate, magnesium, phosphorus and iron were significantly higher in those consuming ≥3·0 servings of WG/d; intakes of protein, total fat, SFA and MUFA and cholesterol levels were lower. Intakes of PUFA (6–12 years), vitamins B1 (2–5 and 13–18 years), B2 (13–18 years), A (2–5 and 13–18 years) and E (13–18 years) were higher in those groups consuming ≥3·0 servings of WG/d; intakes of added sugars (2–5 years), vitamin C (2–5 and 6–12 years), potassium and sodium (6–12 years) were lower.ConclusionsOverall consumption of WG was low. Children and adolescents who consumed the most servings of WG had better diet quality and nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Meal and snack frequency in relation to diet quality in US children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1635-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
M Barbara E Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Us Children

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations of meal frequency (MF) and snack frequency (SF) with diet quality.DesignDietary intake was assessed using two 24 h dietary recalls. All eating occasions providing ≥210 kJ of energy were divided into meals or snacks on the basis of contribution to energy intake (≥15 % or <15 %), self-report and time (06.00–09.00, 12.00–14.00 and 17.00–20.00 hours, or others). Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010.SettingNationally representative sample of the US population.SubjectsChildren aged 6–11 years (n 4269) and adolescents aged 12–19 years (n 6193) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2012.ResultsIrrespective of the definition of meals, higher MF was associated with higher HEI-2010 in both children and adolescents. One additional meal per day increased HEI-2010 by 1·45–3·59 points (all P<0·005). Conversely, the associations for SF were inconsistent. While SF based on energy contribution was positively associated with HEI-2010 in both children and adolescents (0·70 (P=0·001) and 1·00 (P<0·0001) point increase by one additional snack, respectively), there were no associations for SF based on self-report or time. In analyses in which only plausible energy reporters (3425 children and 3753 adolescents) were included, similar results were obtained.ConclusionsIn a representative sample of US children and adolescents, MF was associated with better diet quality, while the associations for SF varied depending on the definition of snacks. The findings highlight the importance of applying different definitions of meals and snacks when assessing the impact of dietary patterns on health.

Higher diet quality is associated with higher diet costs when eating at home and away from home: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Zach Conrad ◽  
Sarah Reinhardt ◽  
Rebecca Boehm ◽  
Acree McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Food Away From Home ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Consumed ◽  
At Home

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the association between diet quality and cost for foods purchased for consumption at home and away from home. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Multivariable linear regression models evaluated the association between diet quality and cost for all food, food at home, and food away from home. Setting: Daily food intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2016). Food prices were derived using data from multiple, publicly available databases. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010. Participants: 30,564 individuals ≥20 y with complete and reliable dietary data. Results: Mean per capita daily diet cost was $14.19 (95% CI: $13.91-14.48), including $6.92 ($6.73-7.10) for food consumed at home and $7.28 ($7.05-7.50) for food consumed away from home. Diet quality was higher for food at home compared to food away from home (P<0.001). Higher diet quality was associated with higher food costs overall, at home, and away from home (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that higher diet quality is associated with higher costs for all food, food consumed at home, and food consumed away from home. This research provides policymakers, public health professionals, and clinicians with information needed to support healthy eating habits. These findings are particularly relevant to contemporary health and economic concerns that have worsened because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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