scholarly journals Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Shirley Crankson ◽  
Subhash Pokhrel ◽  
Nana Kwame Anokye
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objectives: There is paucity of data on determinants of length of COVID-19 admissions and long COVID, an emerging long-term sequel of COVID-19, in Ghana. Therefore, this study identified these determinants and discussed their policy implications. Method: Data of 2334 patients seen at the main COVID-19 treatment centre in Ghana were analysed in this study. Their characteristics, such as age, education level and comorbidities, were examined as explanatory variables. The dependent variables were length of COVID-19 hospitalisations and long COVID. Negative binomial and binary logistic regressions were fitted to investigate the determinants. Result: The regression analyses showed that, on average, COVID-19 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus spent almost 2 days longer in hospital (p = 0.00, 95% CI = 1.42–2.33) and had 4 times the odds of long COVID (95% CI = 1.61–10.85, p = 0.003) compared to those with no comorbidities. In addition, the odds of long COVID decreased with increasing patient’s education level (primary OR = 0.73, p = 0.02; secondary/vocational OR = 0.26, p = 0.02; tertiary education OR = 0.23, p = 0.12). Conclusion: The presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus determined both length of hospitalisation and long COVID among patients with COVID-19 in Ghana. COVID-19 prevention and management policies should therefore consider these factors.

scholarly journals Repeat Induced Abortion among Chinese Women Seeking Abortion: Two Cross Sectional Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4446
Author(s):  
Longmei Tang ◽  
Shangchun Wu ◽  
Dianwu Liu ◽  
Marleen Temmerman ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Lower Education

Background: In China, there were about 9.76 million induced abortions in 2019, 50% of which were repeat abortions. Understanding the tendency of repeat induced abortion and identifying its related factors is needed to develop prevention strategies. Methods: Two hospital-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2005–2007 and 2013–2016 in 24 and 90 hospitals, respectively. The survey included women who sought an induced abortion within 12 weeks of pregnancy. The proportion of repeat induced abortions by adjusting the covariates through propensity score matching was compared between the two surveys, and the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was established to identify independent factors of repeat induced abortion. Results: Adjusting the age, occupation, education, marital status and number of children, the proportion of repeat induced abortions in the second survey was found to be low (60.28% vs. 11.11%), however the unadjusted proportion was high in the second survey (44.97% vs. 51.54%). The risk of repeat induced abortion was higher among married women and women with children [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.31 (0.20, 0.49) and 0.08 (0.05, 0.13)]; the risk among service industry staff was higher when compared with unemployed women [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.19 (0.07, 0.54)]; women with a lower education level were at a higher risk of a repeat induced abortion (ORadj < 1). Compared with women under the age of 20, women in other higher age groups had a higher frequency of repeat induced abortions (IRadj: 1.78, 2.55, 3.27, 4.01, and 3.93, separately); the frequency of women with lower education levels was higher than those with a university or higher education level (IRadj > 1); the repeat induced abortion frequency of married women was 0.93 (0.90, 0.98) when compared to the frequency of unmarried women, while the frequency of women with children was 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) of childless women; the induced abortion frequency of working women was about 60–95% with that of unemployed women. Conclusions: The repeat induced abortion proportion was lower than 10 years ago. Induced abortion seekers who were married, aged 20 to 30 years and with a lower education level were more likely to repeat induced abortions.

Polypharmacy and Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Blacks with Diabetes Mellitus Presenting to the Emergency Department

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110455
Author(s):  
Ginah Nightingale ◽  
Emily M. Scopelliti ◽  
Robin Casten ◽  
Monica Woloshin ◽  
Shu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Inappropriate Medication Use ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background: Medication-related problems in older Blacks with diabetes mellitus (DM) are not well established. Objectives: To describe the frequency of medication-related problems in older Blacks with DM presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods: The study was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating Blacks aged ≥60 years of age presenting to the ED. Polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use, and anticholinergic score were evaluated. Results: Of 168 patients (median age = 68, range 60–92), most ( n = 164, 98%) were taking ≥5 medications, and 67 (39.9%) were taking a PIM. A majority ( n = 124, 74%) were taking a medication with an anticholinergic score ≥1. Number of medications was correlated with number of PIMs ( r = .22, p = .004) and anticholinergic score ( r = .50, p < .001). Conclusion: Polypharmacy and PIM use was common in older Blacks with DM.

Evaluating Safety Effectiveness of Truck Climbing Lanes using Cross-Sectional Analysis and Propensity Score Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahmidul Haq ◽  
Milan Zlatkovic ◽  
Khaled Ksaibati
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Panel Count Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Safety Effectiveness ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The State of Wyoming is characterized by heavy truck traffic flow, especially along Interstate 80 (I-80). A large portion of I-80 in Wyoming goes through mountainous and rolling terrain, resulting in significant vertical grades. About 9% of I-80 in each direction is within vertical grades of more than 3%, with certain sections reaching grades of close to 7%. Currently, there are 14 miles of climbing lanes in both directions. This study investigates the effects of climbing lanes on traffic safety using sections of I-80 in Wyoming. Cross-sectional analysis and propensity score methods were applied to evaluate the safety effectiveness and calibrate the Crash Modification Factor (CMF) and Relative Risk (RR) for climbing lanes. Data were collected from different sources and Wyoming-specific safety performance functions were developed using crash data from 2008 to 2016 for total crashes and truck-related crashes. All the segments were selected from I-80 in Wyoming with climbing lanes as treatment sites, and segments with similar geometrical characteristics without climbing lanes as comparison sites. Aggregated data were used to develop Negative Binomial and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial models for performing cross-sectional analysis as they were found to fit better for the crash data. On the other hand, panel count data were used to conduct a propensity scores-potential outcomes framework. The CMFs and RR for climbing lanes from both analyses were found to be effective in reducing total and truck-related crashes. This is a first study that develops CMFs for climbing lanes in Wyoming.

scholarly journals Association Between Sociodemographic Factors and Pre-diabetes Mellitus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 188-188
Author(s):  
Toto Sudargo ◽  
Atika Anif Prameswari ◽  
Bianda Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Education

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to identify the association of sociodemographic factors with prediabetes mellitus. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out among 60 adults (12 male and 48 female) aged 25–60 years old. None of the subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Blood lipid profile, HbA1c and anthropometric measurement was assessed. Subjects was categorized based on HbA1c level into non-prediabetic and prediabetic with a cut-off of 5.7%. Results Mean of age of subjects was 45.5 ± 8.45 years and the HbA1C levels for male and female subjects were 5.95 ± 1.73% and 5.77 ± 1.52% respectively. Prevalence of prediabetes mellitus in subjects was 18.75% which was dominated by female (80%) with 66.0% of the prediabetics had a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. There was a significant association of prediabetes with education level, age, and LDL-c (P &lt; 0.05). Subjects with a low education level (elementary school/did not finish school) had an increased risk of prediabetes by 4.93 (95% CI:1.22–25.00). The odds ratio of age ≥50 years old was 3.63 (95% CI:0.91–15.68). However, prediabetes status was not significantly associated with gender, BMI, dietary status, hereditary of diabetes mellitus, smoking status, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-c level. Conclusions Prediabetes mellitus is related to low education level, advanced age, and high LDL-c level. Funding Sources Kemenristek Dikti.

scholarly journals Prevalence, morbidity and mortality of hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis in the General Hospital of Playa del Carmen, México. Analysis of five years

2019 ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Argel de Jesús Concha May ◽  
Guillermo Padrón Arredondo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is the underlying cause of pancreatitis in 7% of the general population and is the third cause after gallstones and alcohol. HTG may be associated with acute pancreatitis as an epiphenomenon or as a precipitant thereof. Generally, more than 75% of pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia is due to secondary causes and although these are not sufficient to elevate triglycerides to cause pancreatitis, a preexisting defect is required to obtain a TG>1000 mg/dL to induce acute pancreatitis. Material and Method: To identify the prevalence morbidity and mortality of acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia, a retrospective and cross-sectional observational clinical study was performed for a period of five years. Results: During the study period, 100 cases of acute pancreatitis of various etiologies were collected, 29 (29%) of which corresponded to acute pancreatitis of hypertriglyceridemic origin; history of risk: type 1 Diabetes mellitus one case (3.4%); Type 2 Diabetes mellitus 27 cases (24%); history of alcoholism nine cases (31%); positive smoking 4 cases (13.8%); hypertriglyceridemia 27 cases (94%); obesity 17 cases (59%); lipemic serum 19 cases (65.5%), and In-hospital stays average six days. Mortality in one case. Discussion: In the Mexican national survey of ENASUT 2012, it was found by age group that hypercholesterolemia is highest in the age groups of 50-69 years of age. (Table 1) The frequency of hyperlipidemia in patients with pancreatitis ranges from 12 to 38%, and of hypertriglyceridemia, between 4 and 53%; what is important is to define whether its presence is primary or causal, or secondary or consequence of other clinical conditions such as Diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, pregnancy or use of medications. The triglycerides were obtained on routine laboratory tests in our hospital and their values were steadily elevated and the hipertrigliceridemic acute pancreatitis is the principal cause instead the alcoholic acute pancreatitis. Keywords: Pancreatitis acute;Hypertriglyceridemic; Prevalence; Morbidity; Mortality

scholarly journals Association between triglyceride glucose index and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Li ◽  
Jie Lin ◽  
Yi ying Liu ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Qin Wan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) lacks a simple and relatively accurate predictor. Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a simple indicator of insulin resistance, but the association between TyG index and CAS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is less certain. This study aimed to investigate whether TyG index can predict CAS onset effectively. Methods In total, 1476 T2DM patients were included in cross-sectional analysis. TyG index (calculated by ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]) was split into tertiles (Tertile1-Tertile3). The main outcome was CAS prevalence as defined with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) ≥ 1.0 mm or carotid plaque. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between TyG index and CAS in patients with T2DM. Results In cross-sectional analysis, a total of 62.3% of T2DM patients had CAS, patients with a higher TyG index had a higher risk of CAS (χ2 = 13.856, P < 0.01). After confounder adjustment, patients with T2DM in the high tertile of TyG index had a greater risk to developing CAS than those in the low tertile (OR = 1.451, 95% CI =1.107-1.902, P = 0.007). Higher TyG index values were also associated with increased odds of CAS in patients with T2DM who were female, who were younger than 65 years old, who suffered from hypertension or obesity. Conclusion TyG index was significantly associated with CAS, suggesting that TyG index is a potential predictor for CAS in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS IN SEVERE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION POPULATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Johanes ◽  
Ponco Birowo ◽  
Nur Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Erectile Dysfunction

Objective: To find the risk factors of severe erectile dysfunction. Material & methods: This Cross sectional study subjects completed the questionnare at the time of diagnosing Erectile Dysfunction (ED). Amount of 297 ED patients with mean age of 49.08 ± 13.69 years were enrolled consecutively at Urology Outpatient Clinic from 2005 to 2012. The questionnaire consisted of marital status, educational status, and occupation, comorbidities, habits, and International Index of Erectile Dysfunction-5 (IIEF-5) questionnare. We compared population proportion of ED severity (severe vs not severe) between sociodemographic, comorbidities and habits group and we also compared the mean of ED onset age and ED duration between those groups. Results: Of the patients, 29.3% were classified as severe ED, and 70.7% were classified other than severe ED (mild, mild-moderate, etc). The median of ED onset age was 47 years (46.64 ± 13.77 years) and the median of ED duration was 52 weeks (126.75 ± 167.69 weeks) ranged from 1 to 1040 weeks. We found status of low education level, unemployed, not married and having diabetes mellitus could increase the risk of having severe ED in ED population with each prevalence ratio was 1.44 (1.12-1.87), 2.02 (1.20-3.42), 1.91 (1.10-3.30), 2.01 (1.30-3.12). Not married group was also found have an earlier mean of ED age onset (mean difference 6.78 (2.37-11.19) years. Conclusion: We found that education level, occupation status, marital status and diabetes mellitus contributes in determining ED severity.

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