scholarly journals For Exercise, Relaxation, or Spirituality: Exploring Participation Motives and Conformity to Masculine Norms among Male and Female Yoga Participants

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Jonathan Y. Cagas ◽  
Stuart J. H. Biddle ◽  
Ineke Vergeer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Participation Motives

Yoga is a traditional practice from India with the potential to promote physical activity and health. Participation worldwide remains low, particularly among men. To better understand yoga participation parameters, with a special focus on what influences male participation, this study examined gender differences in participation motives and conformity to masculine norms. It also explored these factors across three participant subgroups who differed in their engagement with the physical and the more psycho-spiritual aspects of yoga. A total of 546 yoga participants (138 males, 399 females, 9 others), 18–73 years old, completed an online survey that included an adapted version of the Exercise Motivation Inventory–2 and three subscales from the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory–46. Results showed significant gender differences in participation motives and conformity to masculine norms. Females were more motivated by positive affect, health/fitness, nimbleness, Mind–Body integration, and coping/stress management, whereas males were more motivated by supplementary activity and competition/social recognition. These differences should be considered in tailoring messages to promote uptake and continued participation. Furthermore, males were more likely than females to conform to emotional control and heterosexual self-presentation masculine norms. Future research may examine how differences in masculine norm adherence influences uptake, particularly among men.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Masculinity and Internalized Homophobia amongst Australian Gay Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5475
Author(s):  
Jack Thepsourinthone ◽  
Tinashe Dune ◽  
Pranee Liamputtong ◽  
Amit Arora
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Internalized Homophobia ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the heterosexist ideals associated with gender norms, gay men often experience negative attitudes towards their own sexuality—internalized homophobia. As a result, gay men often feel compelled to compensate for their perceived lack of masculinity. The study aimed to investigate the relationship and predictive power of masculinity on gay men’s experiences of internalized homophobia. A sample of 489 self-identified Australian gay men 18–72 years old participated in an online survey on masculinity and homosexuality. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and sequential multiple regressions were used to test the study’s aims. Sequential multiple regressions revealed that conformity to masculine norms and threats to masculinity contingency were stronger predictors of internalized homophobia over and above demographic and other factors. Given the already known psychological risks associated with social isolation, internalized homophobia, and the poor mental health outcomes associated with sexual minority groups, it is suggested that gay men who are experiencing high degrees of internalized homophobia should not be distancing themselves from other gay men but, conversely, seek a strong relationship with the LGBTI community.

Survival mode: how Latin American family firms are coping with the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Rogelio Ramírez-Solís ◽  
Maria Fonseca ◽  
Fernando Sandoval-Arzaga ◽  
Ernesto Amoros
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
June July ◽  
Family Entrepreneurship

Purpose The main objective of this manuscript is to describe the current situation of a sample of family business and their response to COVID-19 pandemic. This exploratory study analyzes a series of challenges faced by this type of firm in Latin America. This study puts special focus on how the pandemic is impacting transgenerational and family entrepreneurship and the sense of legacy in family businesses. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed an online survey during June–July 2020. The survey includes 20 questions to owners or executives of family businesses about how they had been facing the onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic in their companies. The authors received 194 valid respondents from firms that have their headquarters in Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Chile and other Latin American countries. Findings The empirical analysis shows that family firms in Latin America have managed to survive and stay current through family entrepreneurship, protecting their heritage and relying on legacy. Out of four main competencies, “family entrepreneurship” was the most important on which business families relied to face this crisis. Research limitations/implications The authors were able to gather information from just under 300 participants. However, the authors decided to take into account only those complete responses in the survey, so the present analysis was carried out on the valid sample of 194 respondents. Practical implications The results of this study show that business families have managed to survive and stay current through family entrepreneurship, protecting their heritage and relying on legacy. Strategic leadership and intergenerational dynamics alone are not enough to face this crisis. Social implications Family firms, like other companies, have shifted their mindset over the last months from “how can we grow” to “how can we survive”. Consequently, what competencies are necessary to develop so that family businesses can cope with this and the following crises? How are Mexico and Latin America’s family-owned businesses navigating the economic disruptions resulting from COVID-19? This paper explores the role of family firms in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. Originality/value This study provides an overview of the coping mechanisms that some family businesses are implementing to overcome the challenges during the pandemic, putting focus on the specific context of Latin America. Family businesses represent approximately 60% of the region’s GDP, so their survival is completely relevant in terms of not only economic impact but also social development. Future research and implications are discussed.

Introducing the Computer-Related Self-Concept

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Monique Janneck ◽  
Sylvie Vincent-Höper ◽  
Jasmin Ehrhardt
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Career Motivation ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Male And Female

The number of women in STEM fields, especially in computer science, is still very low. Therefore, in this chapter, the computer-related self-concept (CSC) is presented as a new approach to investigate gender differences in computing careers. The computer-related self-concept comprises computer-related attitudes, emotions, and behaviors, integrating different lines of research on computer-related self-cognitions. To establish connections with career development, an extensive online survey was conducted with more than 1100 male and female computing professionals. Results show that men have a significantly more positive computer-related self-concept than women. Furthermore, as hypothesized, the computer-related self-concept shows high correlations with career motivation. Therefore, it is concluded that the computer-related self-concept is a feasible approach to investigate and understand computer-related gender differences. Possible implications regarding measures to foster women's careers in computing are discussed along with prospects for future research.

Social Evaluations of Assertiveness: A Critique and Speech Act Reformulation

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Herstein Gervasio ◽  
Mary Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Conversational Interaction ◽  
The Social

A conceptual and methodological critique of recent research on the social evaluation of assertive speech demonstrates that while the research is internally valid within its narrow sphere, it lacks ecological validity, cannot adequately explain important phenomena such as gender differences, and leads to misguided clinical prescriptions. An alternative theoretical framework, based on speech act theory, is proposed. Assertiveness is viewed as a style of conversation occurring in complex interpersonal contexts. Such analysis encompasses an understanding of the grammar and speech acts used in assertive conversation, as well as the social roles (including gender and status relationships) that are created and maintained through conversational interaction. As women represent the majority of clients and consumers of assertiveness therapies, the interests and concerns of women are a special focus of the suggestions for increasing the ecological validity and clinical relevance of future research.

Who are you talking about? Contrasting determinants of online disclosure about self or others

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Thompson ◽  
Jack Brindley
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Subject

PurposeThis paper contrasts the determinants of online disclosures about self and others in social media.Design/methodology/approachData from 216 respondents were collected through an online survey. The formal research model was tested with covariance based structural equation modeling.FindingsThe determinants of online disclosures vary whether the subject is self or others. Social networking site (SNS) users who self-disclose are also more likely to share information about others. Furthermore, there are significant gender effects in the influences of disclosure as revealed by multi-group SEM.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research models should incorporate the construct of disclosure about others and examine the intertwining of different types of disclosure on SNS. Future work should include behavioral measures, as this study relied on self-report measures.Practical implicationsThe current understanding of information sharing does not accommodate different forms of disclosure. Employers or systems administrators concerned about data sharing may need to tailor interventions to the subject of the disclosure. Furthermore, the significant gender differences in determinants of disclosure suggest that this should be considered in practical applications.Originality/valueDisclosure about others has not been examined in prior work. This study contributes by offering empirical data on the contrasting determinants of disclosure as well as gender differences. It improves the understanding of online information sharing, a topic of particular relevance in today's information oriented society.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Beliefs about English Language Policies (ELPs): The Case of Saudi Higher Education English Departments

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Suliman Mohammed Nasser Alnasser
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
English Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
English Departments ◽  
And Gender

Review of literature suggests that issues in English language policies (ELPs) in higher education foreign language department levels have not been addressed, and the relationship between beliefs about general notions of ELPs and gender has been disregarded. The current study investigates gender-related differences in beliefs on five main notions of ELPs among staff members in Saudi Arabian English departments. An online survey was administered to staff members in different Saudi English departments from different regions in Saudi Arabia. Five general statements on ELPs were included in the survey and were responded to by male (n = 67) and female (n = 143) staff members (total = 210). Pearson’s chi-square test of independence and the calculated percentages of responses were used to analyze gender differences. No statistically significant differences were found between male and female participants, with the exception of one statement. Both genders had generally similar beliefs on ELPs. Moreover, the female staff had slightly stronger beliefs than the male staff, and males showed more hesitation than females did when deciding on ELP matters. The study also discusses the implications of the findings and provided recommendations for future research.

Current Postvention Research and Priorities for the Future

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Andriessen ◽  
Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intercultural Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Ethical Approval

Abstract. Background: Suicide can have a lasting impact on the social life as well as the physical and mental health of the bereaved. Targeted research is needed to better understand the nature of suicide bereavement and the effectiveness of support. Aims: To take stock of ongoing studies, and to inquire about future research priorities regarding suicide bereavement and postvention. Method: In March 2015, an online survey was widely disseminated in the suicidology community. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 77 times, and 22 records were included in the analysis. The respondents provided valuable information regarding current research projects and recommendations for the future. Limitations: Bearing in mind the modest number of replies, all from respondents in Westernized countries, it is not known how representative the findings are. Conclusion: The survey generated three strategies for future postvention research: increase intercultural collaboration, increase theory-driven research, and build bonds between research and practice. Future surveys should include experiences with obtaining research grants and ethical approval for postvention studies.

Conformity to masculine norms and grief expression

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Montano ◽  
Amy Mouanoutoua ◽  
Jack S. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms
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