scholarly journals Performance Bonuses and Effort: Evidence from Fight Night Awards in Mixed Martial Arts

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gift
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Compensation Mechanism ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Personnel Economics ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ultimate Fighting Championship ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Over Time

This paper investigates the role of fight night bonus awards on fighter behavior in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and World Extreme Cage (WEC) fighting mixed martial arts (MMA) promotions. Behavior is analyzed using detailed fighter performance statistics, exploiting variation in bonus size across events and over time. Findings suggest that fighters are not meaningfully influenced by bonus levels within the range observed in the sample period and possible explanations are discussed. Fight night bonuses appear to serve as a lottery compensation mechanism to ex post reward performances consistent with an MMA promotion’s desires rather than ex ante incentivize such performances. Findings have implications for strategic MMA promoter decisions and contribute more broadly to the personnel economics literature on incentives and compensation.

Competence over Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-99
Author(s):  
Alexander Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Level ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Over Time

The UN Security Council increasingly authorizes weapons inspections to enforce nonproliferation. These are cases of indirect governance, where the Council (the governor) relies on separate bodies (intermediaries) to conduct inspections in states of concern (targets). Despite the risks, the Council often seems willing to forego control in return for gaining the benefits of a competent intermediary that can address its ambitious policy goals and capability deficits. These cases point to important differences between preexisting intermediaries (such as the IAEA and OPCW) and ad hoc intermediaries created for specific tasks (such as the inspection commissions that operated in Iraq). The latter are far more amendable to control, both ex ante and ex post. Over time, we see increasing goal divergence between the governor and intermediaries, driven mainly by the shifting interests of Security Council members, but we also see the competence of intermediaries increase as they gain on-the-ground experience, making control more difficult. The collective nature of the Security Council further complicates control efforts, creating a temptation for individual members to interfere unilaterally with intermediaries and targets. The analysis suggests that the role of sovereign, strategic targets deserves more attention in the study of indirect governance at the international level.

scholarly journals O espetáculo das artes marciais. O que estamos comprando?

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (283) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Machado Pinto ◽  
Marcelo Moreira Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Ultimate Fighting Championship

O Canal Combate apresentando-se como o maior veiculador de conteúdo voltado às artes marciais no Brasil, se consolida como o grande representante midiático do público interessado pela temática. Assim, os conceitos gerados e a visão proferida sobre as artes marciais, influencia diretamente a visão de seus espectadores e consumidores. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a grade de programação semanal do Canal Combate e traçar inferências em relação ao real escopo do mesmo. O estudo analisou sua grade de programação compreendida entre o dia 20/07/2020 e 26/07/2020. Os resultados demonstraram que 34% do conteúdo veiculado pelo canal destina-se a lutas do Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), seguido de 19% de anúncios publicitários. O canal combate caracterizou-se como um promotor de lutas de Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), em grande parte relacionadas à empresa UFC, que possui em seu cerne o espetáculo para fins de consumo.

Women’s Experiences in the Mixed Martial Arts: A Quest for Excitement?

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Mierzwinski ◽  
Philippa Velija ◽  
Dominic Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Sociological Approach

Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), like the majority of relatively violent sports, has mainly been organized around the capabilities of the male body. However various indices suggest that women’s engagement with MMA is growing. The purpose of this paper is to offer an analysis of women’s involvement in MMA using a figurational sociological approach. In doing so, we draw on interview data with “elite” female mixed martial artists to explore the extent to which females within MMA experience a specifically gendered “quest for excitement.” The paper further illustrates how the notion of “civilized bodies” can be used to interpret the distinctly gendered experiences of shame in relation to fighting in combat sports, the physical markings incurred as a consequence, and perceptions of sexual intimacy in the close physical contact of bodies. In so doing this paper provides the first figurationally-informed study of female sport involvement to focus explicitly on the role of violence in mediating social relations, while refining aspects of the figurational sociological approach to provide a more adequate framework for the analysis of gender relations.

scholarly journals Defensas contra derribo en el arte ruso del Systema

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Secours
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Survival Scenario ◽  
The Difference

<p>The continuing popularity of mixed martial arts (MMA) events has motivated many martial artists to cross train in grappling disciplines. While largely beneficial for the arts as a whole, many practitioners have nevertheless integrated grappling strategies without considering whether or not their applications are simply sportive or appropriate for self-defense tactics. In this article, I will examine some historical perspectives on the role of grappling on the battlefield from published literature and consider the evidence left to us through historical texts and artwork. Based on over 20 years experience in the grappling arts, I will attempt to show that ground fighting and grappling are necessary components of a complete tactical arsenal, while carefully illustrating the difference in street tactics. I will place specific emphasis on the role of defending the takedown in a modern survival scenario, giving particular attention to the approach employed by the Russian art of Systema.</p>

scholarly journals VERSÕES DE ATLETAS DE MIXED MARTIAL ARTS NAS FASES DE PREPARAÇÃO PARA UM COMBATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Aparecida de Oliveira Camilo ◽  
Mary Jane Paris Spink
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Ultimate Fighting Championship

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as versões de atletas de Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) que circularam nas fases de preparação para um combate (camp). Para isso, seguimos o cotidiano de um atleta, vinculado à principal liga da modalidade, o Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), em dezembro de 2014. A metodologia seguiu os pressupostos da etnografia, com interações nas diferentes práticas em que o atleta se envolvia. Adotamos uma aproximação teórico-metodológica com a teoria ator-rede, em diálogo com a Psicologia Social de cunho construcionista. Nas fases do camp foi possível identificar as versões de lutador como: (a) trabalhador que é precarizado (treinamentos); b) ídolo (semana da luta); (c) sobrevivente (pesagem); (d) “casca-grossa” (dia da luta); e (e) “humano” (pós-luta). A pesquisa sugere que não há um tipo específico de lutador, ou perspectivas diferentes sobre ele, mas sim, que ele é múltiplo, produtos das práticas nas quais está envolvido.

Framing the Octagon: An Analysis of News-Media Coverage of Mixed Martial Arts

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla A. Santos ◽  
Scott Tainsky ◽  
K. Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Changsup Shim
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Media Frames ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Ultimate Fighting Championship ◽  
Scholarly Attention

To date, scholarly attention to mixed martial arts (MMA) and the Ultimate Fighting Championship organization has been limited. This study sought to address this gap in literature by focusing on the news media’s framing of public officials’ discourse concerning MMA. In so doing, the study addressed the entanglement of news media, sport, and contemporary political maneuvering. Overall, findings suggest two dominant media frames: leveraging of sociopolitical capital to protect societal values and leveraging of sociopolitical capital to advocate for legislation. Specifically, the authors propose that news media have framed and reframed MMA as a succession of moral threats and reassurances that are given voice by public officials in the name of protecting the citizenry.

scholarly journals Talking Your Self Into It: How and When Accounts Shape Motivation for Action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Winchester ◽  
Kyle Green
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Theories Of Action ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Over Time

Following Mills (1940), several prominent sociologists have encouraged researchers to analyze actors’ motive talk not as data on the subjective desires that move them to pursue particular ends, but as post hoc accounts oriented toward justifying actions already undertaken. Combining insights from hermeneutic theories of the self and pragmatist theories of action, we develop a theoretical position that challenges dichotomous assumptions about whether motive accounts reflect either justifications or motivations for action, instead illustrating how they can migrate from one status to the other over time. We develop this perspective through a comparativeanalysis of actors’ involvements in two quite different careers of social action – religion and mixed martial arts –documenting both how and when justificatory talk about actors’ motives for initiating a course of action at one point in time became formative of their subjective motivations for sustaining these same courses of action at another.

scholarly journals O ESTRESSE NO MMA: AS ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENFRENTAMENTO PODEM MELHORAR O DESEMPENHO DOS LUTADORES?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Isabella Belem ◽  
Luciane Cristina Arantes da Costa ◽  
Jorge Both ◽  
Patricia Carolina Borsato Passos ◽  
José Luiz Lopes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Ultimate Fighting Championship

RESUMO Introdução: Um dos maiores fenômenos esportivos na atualidade, o Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), realizado no Brasil em 2013, movimentou entre R$ 15 e R$ 50 milhões, destacando-se na mídia internacional. Apesar dessa superprodução dos eventos, os estudos com atletas de MMA (Mixed Martial Arts ) ainda são escassos, sobretudo no que se refere aos aspectos psicológicos. Objetivo: Analisar estratégias de coping, níveis de estresse e características de treinamento de atletas paranaenses de MMA. Métodos: Foram estudados 50 atletas de MMA do sexo masculino, com idade de 25,0 ± 4,8 anos. Como instrumentos foram utilizados uma ficha de identificação, o Inventário Atlético de Estratégias de Coping e o Questionário de Estresse e Recuperação para Atletas (RESTQ-76 Sport). Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste de Shapiro-Wilk, teste "U" de Mann-Whitnney; teste de Kruskal-Wallis e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman; a significância adotada foi p < 0,05. Resultados: Os atletas com principal fonte de renda no MMA apresentaram maior "estresse geral" (p = 0,023) e "estresse social" (p = 0,043) . Conclusão: Conclui-se que quando o esporte é a principal fonte de renda dos atletas, o estresse dos lutadores é elevado. Quanto maior o volume de treino, mais o atleta busca estabelecer objetivos e maior é sua a capacidade de confrontar as adversidades. Além disso, a variedade de estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos lutadores melhora seu estado de recuperação (capacidades físicas e psicológicas) durante as competições.

Is violence used to promote Mixed Martial Arts?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Christopher Greenwell ◽  
Dustin Thorn ◽  
Jason Simmons
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
News Releases

This study examines how Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) events are marketed in order to understand the role of violence in promoting events. Researchers examined 134 pieces of promotional artwork and 57 promotional news releases by MMA organisations across North America, Asia and Europe and found that 18 (13.4%) pieces of promotional artwork used violent text or imagery. Violent text was found in 12 (21%) of the 57 news releases. Violence was typically limited to smaller or European organisations. Results illustrate an evolution of the sport, suggesting violence may no longer be necessary to promote events.

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